BMS Chapter 14 Brain

What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section? Corpus callosum Optic chiasm Inferior colliculus Superior colliculus

Superior colliculus

Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? forms the roof of the diencephalon forms the cerebrum processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum creates the lateral ventricles contains the mammillary body

forms the roof of the diencephalon

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to hear your voice. smell his food. nod his head. smile. blink his eyes.

smell his food.

Ependymal cells work to remove waste products from CSF. surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus. adjust the composition of CSF. secrete CSF into the ventricles. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Integrative centers of the brain receive information from many sensory association areas. can impact higher intellectual functions. include the Wernicke's area. direct motor activities. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Tic douloureux is characterized by almost totally debilitating pain. also called trigeminal neuralgia. triggered by contact with the lip, tongue, or gums. a disorder of the maxillary and mandibular branches of nerve V. All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following help to protect the brain? the bones of the skull the blood-brain barrier the CSF the cranial meninges All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? secretes oxytocin controls autonomic centers regulates body temperature produces ADH All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve. Hydrocephalus Gout Addison's disease Bell's palsy Cerebral palsy

Bell's palsy

Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles. Interventricular foramina Central canal Cerebral aqueduct Choroid plexus

Central canal

Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles? Interventricular foramen Central canal Cerebral aqueduct Septum pellucidum

Cerebral aqueduct

Which region of the brain contains gyri and sulci? Cerebellum Brain stem Cerebrum Diencephalon

Cerebrum

Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness? Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Brain stem

Cerebrum

What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres? Intermediate mass Septum pellucidum Vermis Corpus callosum

Corpus callosum

Which of these is NOT a property of the epithalamus? It is the roof of the diencephalon. It is the location of the pineal gland. It is the roof of the fourth ventricle. It is the location of the choroid plexus.

It is the roof of the fourth ventricle.

Which of the following ventricles is found under the corpus callosum? Fourth ventricle Third ventricle Lateral ventricles Fornix

Lateral ventricles

Which ventricles are divided by the septum pellucidum? Lateral and third ventricle First and second ventricles Third and fourth ventricles Lateral ventricles

Lateral ventricles

Which of the following landmarks divides the cerebrum in half? Transverse fissure Lateral sulcus Longitudinal fissure Vermis

Longitudinal fissure

Which area of the brain stem is in contact with the spinal cord? Midbrain Cerebellum Pons Medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

Identify cranial nerve I. Optic tract Optic nerve Oculomotor nerve Olfactory nerve

Olfactory nerve

Which of the following areas takes visual information from one side of the body and conveys it to the opposite side? Optic tract Olfactory bulbs Optic chiasm Optic nerve

Optic chiasm

Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system? Optic nerve Optic chiasm Mammillary body Optic tract

Optic nerve

Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum? Pons Thalamus Hypothalamus Corpus callosum

Thalamus

What is the function of white matter? Supports neurons Produces cerebrospinal fluid Transmits messages Processes information

Transmits messages

Which of the following landmarks separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum? Longitudinal fissure Central sulcus Transverse fissure Corpus callosum

Transverse fissure

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced within the ventricles. True False

True

The composition of gray matter includes neuron cell bodies. True False

True

The foramen magnum marks the border between the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. False True

True

The inferior colliculi are part of the corpora quadrigemina. True False

True

The ventricles are all interconnected. True False

True

White matter has a fatty consistency True False

True

Cortical regions that interpret sensory information or coordinate motor responses are called ________ areas. . processing association commissural somesthetic sensory

association

At the optic chiasm, the olfactory nerve crosses to the opposite side of the brain. axons from the retinae synapse on those from the other half. the optic nerve enters the cerebellum. axons from the lateral halves of each retina cross. axons from the medial halves of each retina cross.

axons from the medial halves of each retina cross.

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid. deficient production of cerebrospinal fluid. blockage of circulation of CSF. blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production. excessive water intake.

blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

The choroid plexus is composed of nerve fibers. blood vessels. subarachnoid granulations. lymphatic vessels. ganglia.

blood vessels

The huge, highly-branched neurons known as Purkinje cells are found in the __________. cerebellar nuclei cerebellar cortex cerebral cortex arbor vitae

cerebellar cortex

The presence of many large, highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the arbor vitae. medulla. cerebellar cortex. pons. cerebral cortex.

cerebellar cortex.

Where is the arbor vitae located? Where is the arbor vitae located? Cerebrum Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem

cerebellum

A neural cortex is found on the surface of the cerebrum. midbrain. pons. thalamus.

cerebrum

In the adult brain, which is the largest region? diencephalon cerebellum midbrain cerebrum

cerebrum

The ________ connects the two sides of the cerebrum. mesencephalon commissural fibers ganglion decussation arbor vitae

commissural fibers

A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex. vestibulo-ocular tympanic consensual corneal auditory

corneal

Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of cranial nerve I. cranial nerve II. cranial nerve IX. cranial nerve IV. cranial nerve X.

cranial nerve IX.

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it controls reflexes. controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. determines what can enter the brain from the blood. passes motor information on to the cerebellum. determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

Which of the following is the outer layer of the meninges? Pia mater Dural sinus Arachnoid Dura mater

dura mater

A person who has difficulty comprehending and using written language suffers from the disorder known as Alzheimer's disease. a stroke. epilepsy. Parkinsonism. dyslexia.

dyslexia

A(n) ________ is a printed record of the brain's electrical activity over a period of time. MRI electrocardiogram CT scan electroencephalogram x-ray

electroencephalogram

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by a passive process. contains blood cells and blood plasma. is secreted by ependymal cells. has almost the same composition as blood plasma. is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed.

is secreted by ependymal cells.

Parkinson's disease is the result of inadequate production of GABA by neurons in the basal nuclei. decreased levels of acetylcholine from neurons in the substantia nigra. hyperactivity of the limbic system. inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons. weak response of the red nuclei of the mesencephalon.

inadequate production of dopamine by substantia nigra neurons.

The folds of the surface of the cerebrum increase the surface area of the cerebrum. form a network of blood vessels over the brain. consist of axons and dendrites of neurons. are bathed in spinal fluid. are called sulci.

increase the surface area of the cerebrum.

Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in coma. coughing. sleep. increased consciousness. decreased cerebral function.

increased consciousness.

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the superior colliculi. red nuclei. inferior colliculi. cerebral peduncles. substantia nigra.

inferior colliculi.

Which of the following structures attach the pituitary gland to the brain? Pia mater Optic chiasm Hypothalamus Infundibulum

infundibulum

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the paraventricular nuclei. supraoptic nuclei. medial geniculates. lateral geniculates. pulvinar.

lateral geniculates.

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the mesencephalon. medulla oblongata. cerebellum. diencephalon. pons.

medulla oblongata.

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the cerebrum. medulla oblongata. heart. diencephalon. cerebellum.

medulla oblongata.

The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the cerebellum. midbrain. cerebrum. medulla oblongata. pons.

medulla oblongata.

The collection of blood vessels supplying the protective connective tissue layers surrounding the brain may hemorrhage during severe head trauma. This is the case in epidural and subdural hemorrhages. Which of the following names sounds most appropriate for this collection of blood vessels? capillaries of the choroid plexus arachnoid trabeculae meningeal blood vessels None of the listed names are correct.

meningeal blood vessels

Name the membranous encasement surrounding the brain. Choroid plexus Epineurium Meninges Lamina propria

meningies

Which region contains the corpora quadrigemina? Medulla oblongata Epithalamus Pons Midbrain

midbrain

Which embryological brain vesicle will form the cerebrum? the metencephalon the myelencephalon the telencephalon the mesencephalo

telencephalon

The auditory cortex is located in the occipital lobe. frontal lobe. parietal lobe. temporal lobe. insula.

temporal lobe.

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the medulla oblongata. cerebellum. midbrain. pons. thalamus.

thalamus

Which of the following areas form the central core of the brain? Thalamus Epithalamus Hypothalamus Cerebellum

thalamus

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve? loss of the sense of taste tooth pain weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle lack of facial expression dry mouth from lack of saliva

weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland? Midbrain Epithalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are I, II, and III. II and VI. II, III, and IV. III and V. III, IV, and VI.

III, IV, and VI.

Injury to this center in the mesencephalon may lead to Parkinson's disease. mammillary bodies red nuclei substantia nigra superior colliculi

substantia nigra

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the the 4th cranial nerve. two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles. superior and inferior colliculi. four cerebral lobes. first four cranial nerves.

superior and inferior colliculi.

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves. 31 6 12 2 22

12

How many major regions are contained within the diencephalon? 4 3 1 2

3

How many regions make up the brain stem? 4 3 1 2

3

The meninges consist of ___ layers. 2 1 4 3

3

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue. . 68 percent 35 percent 25 percent 97 percent 15 percent

97 percent

________ is a temporary cerebral disorder accompanied by abnormal movements, unusual sensations, and/or inappropriate behavior. A seizure Apraxia Parkinson's disease Dyslexia Aphasia

A seizure

Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies? processes olfactory information located in posterior hypothalamus shaped like little breasts controls reflex eating movements All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

A brain hemorrhage is life-threatening because the pressure increase within the space can distort and potentially damage brain tissue. some areas of the brain will not be receiving blood. neurological changes will occur. the person can lose consciousness. All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.

All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.

________ is a disorder affecting the ability to speak or read. Apraxia Aphasia Bell's palsy Dysphagia Ataxia

Aphasia

Which of the following regions cannot be observed superficially? Cerebrum Longitudinal fissure Diencephalon Cerebellum

Diencephalon

Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body? Hypothalamus Midbrain Epithalamus Corpora quadrigemina

Epithalamus

The brain is a solid organ that lacks cavities True False

False

The cerebellum is present on the ventral surface of the sheep brain. True False

False

The pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). True False

False

Which ventricle is located within the brain stem? Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Second ventricle First ventricle

Fourth Ventricle

What type of tissue makes up the cerebral cortex? Nerves White matter Meninges Gray matter

Gray Matter

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain? There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges. The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord. There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges. The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord. Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas.

The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen? XII VIII IX X XI

X

The general interpretive area allows us to interpret what is read or heard. is responsible for predicting future consequences. is the site of long-term memory storage. is the speech center of the brain. may be damaged by even a small stroke.

allows us to interpret what is read or heard.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaves the central nervous system (CNS) and enters the circulation at the __________. pia mater denticular ligaments arachnoid granulations arachnoid trabeculae

arachnoid granulations

Which of the following is not a property of the limbic system? contains cerebral and diencephalic components links conscious functions of the cerebral cortex with unconscious functions of the brain stem functions in emotions, learning, and memory functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather located between the border of the cerebrum and diencephalon

functions in maintaining homeostasis in cold weather

Bob is struck on the left side of the head and is knocked unconscious. When he recovers consciousness, he can hear individual words but cannot understand the meaning of phrases or sentences. This implies damage to his temporal lobe. vestibulocochlear nerve. general interpretive area. speech center. prefrontal lobe.

general interpretive area.

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)? glossopharyngeal and vagus facial glossopharyngeal hypoglossal vagus

glossopharyngeal and vagus

The elevated ridges of the cerebrum are called cortical folds. sulci. gyri. dural sinuses. arachnoid granulations.

gyri

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry? hearing hearing, equilibrium, and taste equilibrium atmospheric pressure hearing and equilibrium

hearing and equilibrium

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. hippocampus cingulate gyrus fornix mamillary bodies amygdaloid body

hippocampus

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected? spinal accessory glossopharyngeal vagus hypoglossal trigeminal

hypoglossal

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located? prefrontal cortex reticular formation hypothalamus basal nuclei postcentral gyrus

hypothalamus

Emotions and behavioral drives are associated with the fornix. hypothalamus. general association area. thalamus. geniculate nucleus.

hypothalamus.

The accumulation of blood during an epidural or subdural hemorrhage creates debilitating pressure on the brain and, without help, death is imminent. Where exactly is blood accumulating in a subdural hemorrhage? in the space between the dura mater and the skull in the space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. in the ventricles of the brain in the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

in the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

The visual cortex is located in the parietal lobe. temporal lobe. insula. frontal lobe. occipital lobe.

occipital lobe.

ter suffering a blow to the back of the head, Phil loses his vision. The blow probably caused damage to the cerebral nuclei. occipital lobe. prefrontal cortex. postcentral gyrus. limbic system.

occipital lobe.

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the olfactory bulb. cerebral cortex. thalamus. medulla. olfactory tract.

olfactory bulb.

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain? dura mater pia mater arachnoid choroid plexus cranial plexus

pia mater

The primary sensory cortex is found on the __________. frontal lobe postcentral gyrus cingulate gyrus precentral gyrus

postcentral gyrus

The primary motor cortex is the surface of the insula. arcuate gyrus. corpus callosum. postcentral gyrus. precentral gyrus.

precentral gyrus.

The region of the brain responsible for predicting the consequence of events or actions is the reticular formation. cerebral ganglia. temporal lobe. prefrontal cerebral cortex. occipital association cortex.

prefrontal cerebral cortex.

In aphasia, the ability to speak or read is affected. A deficit in which of the following cortical areas would NOT lead to aphasia? prefrontal cortex motor speech area Wernicke's area Broca's area

prefrontal cortex

Which cerebral area is involved with judgment and predictive abilities? Wernicke's area general interpretive area prefrontal cortex Brodmann area Broca's area

prefrontal cortex

What symptoms would you expect to see in a patient with damage to the basal nuclei? visual problems inability to process thoughts in a rational way anger problems problems in rhythmic movements related to skeletal muscles facial tics

problems in rhythmic movements related to skeletal muscles

If you are reading and you unexpectedly hear a loud noise, your head generally snaps up. Which portion of the midbrain is most likely to be responsible for this reflexive motion? the inferior colliculus the superior colliculus the substantia nigra the red nucleus

the inferior colliculus

You are taking an exam and there is a section with several questions for which you remember studying, but become annoyed because you cannot recall the answer. If an EEG was performed at that particular moment, which brainwaves are most likely to predominate? alpha waves theta waves beta waves delta waves

theta waves

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb? trochlear glossopharyngeal trigeminal facial hypoglossal

trigeminal

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the vagus. facial. trigeminal. glossopharyngeal. abducens.

trigeminal.

All three regions of the brain stem can be observed on the ventral surface of the brain. True False

true

The diencephalon is found in between the brain stem and the cerebrum. True False

true

The patient has the following symptoms: change in vocal tone, problems swallowing, inability to control urination, erratic heart rate, and gastric problems. You would identify the problem as being related to the pineal gland. trigeminal nerve. abducens nerve. vagus nerve. amygdala.

vagus nerve.

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called aqueducts. sinuses. ventricles. plexuses. ganglia.

ventricles

Jane suffers from chronic seizures and in order to control the problem undergoes surgery in which the fibers of the corpus callosum are cut. As a result of this surgery she would likely be unable to move her left arm. verbally identify an object placed in her left hand. touch her nose with her eyes closed. speak. recognize written words.

verbally identify an object placed in her left hand.

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with control of autonomic function. regulation of body temperature. control of breathing. visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck. conscious control of skeletal muscles.

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.