Body Defense Mechanisms (Immune System)
Items that the body defense systems should protect you against
-Pathogens Bacteria Viruses Parasitic worms Protozoans Fungi Prions -Cancer Self-cells Uncontrolled cell growth
Defensive cells and their functions
-Phagocytic Cells: Engulf invading organisms -Eosinophils: Kill parasites -Natural killer cells: Kill many invading organisms and cancer cells
The body's physical barriers
-Skin -Mucous membranes
The body's chemical barriers
-Sweat and oil glands of the skin -Stomach -Urine -Saliva and tears
Active immunity
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Define a cell-meditated immune response
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Define an antibody-meditated response
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Define immunological memory
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Example of an autoimmune disorder
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Immunological memory's role in immunity
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Major classes of antibodies
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Passive immunity
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Role of various lymphocytes in the immune response
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Steps involved in the adaptive immune response
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Structure of an antibody
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Uses of monoclonal antibodies
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What causes organ rejection after transplants
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What happens in an autoimmune disorder
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What happens when there is an allergic response
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Three lines of defense
1st line: Attempts to keep pathogens from entering the body 2nd line: Attacks any pathogens that get through the first line 3rd line: Attacks specific pathogens that get through the first lines of defense
Define antigen and explain its role in cell identity
A non-self substance that triggers an immune response. Such as proteins and polysaccharides
Define fever
Abnormally high blood pressure.
Define MHC markers and explain its role in cell identity
Molecules found on our own cells. "Self cells." Distinguishes cells of your body from foreign invaders
Events that characterize the inflammatory response
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
How does the interferon system function in the body's defense mechanism?
Slow the speed of viruses in the body
A fever's role in our immune system
Slows down the growth of bacteria, speeds up body defenses
How does complement system function in the body's defense mechanism?
Stimulates histamine release, promotes phagocytosis, kills bacteria, enhances inflammation