Bone Lab

What tissue type replaces periosteum on the ends of articulating bones?

Hyaline cartilage

Achondroplasia is a type of dwarfism in which the long bones stop growing during childhood, resulting in limbs that are disproportionately shorter than the torso. This genetic disorder is characterized by deficiencies in the epiphyseal plate that include a low number of chondrocytes and inability of chondrocytes to enlarge. Which zones do you think would be most affected by this disorder?

Proliferation and Hypertrophic Zones; A problem in the Proliferation Zone would manifest itself as a lower number of chondrocytes. An inability of the chondrocytes to enlarge suggests a problem in the Hypertrophic Zone

In addition to supporting and protecting the body, the skeleton provides this function as well.

The bones store fat, red marrow, and calcium.

Bones of the skeleton are connected at junctions called ________.

articulations

The __________ skeleton consists of bones that surround the body's center of gravity.

axial

The skeleton is constructed of two types of tissue, ________.

bone and cartilage

The blood vessels and nerve in the figure are found within which type of space?

central (Haversian) canal

The center of the osteon is called the ________.

central (haversian) canal

Which of the following bone belongs to the appendicular skeleton?

clavicle

A long bone consists of a shaft composed of ________ and an end composed of ________.

compact bone, spongy bone covered by compact bone

Which of the following structures is an attachment site for muscles or ligaments?

crest

This type of cartilage supports the external ear and keeps it firm but flexible.

elastic

This membrane lines the shaft of long bones, and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.

endosteum

The type of cartilage that has the greatest strength and is found in the knee joint and intervertebral discs is __________.

fibrocartilage

Which of the cartilage types below is matched correctly to it body location?

fibrocartilage; meniscus of the knee

The epiphyses of long bones are ________

filled with spongy bone

__________ bones are generally thin and have a layer of spongy bone between two layers of compact bone.

flat

This is a passageway for blood vessels and nerves.

foramen

Which of the following bone markings helps form joints?

head

A condyle differs from an epicondyle in that the condyle ________.

helps form a joint

This is the most common type of skeletal cartilage.

hyaline

This type of cartilage attaches ribs to the sternum.

hyaline

What kind of tissue comprises the epiphyseal plate of bones?

hyaline cartilage

axial skeleton

includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Vertebrae belong to this category of bones.irregular bones

irregular bones

What is the term for the layers of bony matrix surrounding the vessels and nerve?

lamellae

A trochanter is a ________.

large, irregularly-shaped projection

The femur is an example of a(n) __________ bone.

long

The ________ is the storage area for yellow marrow in an adult bone.

medullary cavity

The structural unit of compact bone is the __________.

osteon

An example of a sesamoid bone is the ________.

patella

All of the following are short bones except ________.

phalanges

All the following are functions of the skeleton EXCEPT __________.

production of melanin

Diaphysis

shaft of long bone, composed of compact bone

Which of the following bone belongs to the axial skeleton and is a flat bone?

sternum

In adults, ________ marrow fills the central canal of long bones, and ________ marrow is found in the epiphyses of long bones.

yellow, red