Psych

Which statement BEST describes the forgetting function that Ebbinghaus discovered?

Material is forgotten relatively rapidly at first, and then the rate of forgetting slows down.

Which theories of emotion reflect psychology's cognitive perspective?

Correct the Schachter-Singer theory and Lazarus's appraisal theory

Which theory puts the LEAST emphasis on the physiological experience of emotion?

Correct the cognitive appraisal theory

Carroll Izard (2007) suggested that emotions may be organized with respect to the two dimensions of:

Correct valence and arousal.

On his computer desktop, Rodney can see several different files, each immediately accessible. Because he is actively working on them and can open them whenever he wants, these files are in fact very similar to the kind of information held in _____ memory.

working

Omar experienced a dissociative fugue state. He suddenly snapped out of it in front of a pet supplies display in a Boise, Idaho, discount store; he had no memory whatsoever of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina. Omar's amnesia is best described as:

retrograde

After a severe bout of encephalitis, Clive Wearing could no longer develop new memories. Clive suffered from _____ amnesia.

anterograde

The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease:

can be reduced with physical and intellectual activity.

Mood-congruent memory is BEST seen as a specific instance of the:

encoding specificity principle

During the _____ phase of the sexual response, males unable to immediately have another orgasm.

resolution

In the history of psychology, the James-Lange theory of emotion was followed MOST immediately by the _____ theory.

Correct Cannon-Bard

Which statement is true regarding potential gender differences in emotion?

Correct Men and women use similar language to describe their emotions.

Ariel is NOT sexually attracted to either men or women. Ariel is:

Correct asexual.

According to the textbook, sexual dysfunctions are best understood using the _____ perspective.

Correct biopsychosocial

Dr. LaGrange is skeptical of drive theories of motivation. He argues that drive theory can't explain:

Correct bungee jumping.

Which component of working memory is correctly matched with its description?

Correct central executive — directs attention

When Roy tells an acquaintance his telephone number, he does not recite the digits one by one at a constant rate, as in "3, 3, 7, 2, 3, 4, 8, 3, 9, 2." Instead, Roy might say, "3, 3, 7 . . . 2, 3, 4 . . . 83, 92." This exemplifies _____, a strategy to enhance _____ memory.

Correct chunking; short-term

Recently, researchers have found that the band of axons connecting the two hemispheres—the _____—is _____ among gay than among straight men (Witelson et al., 2008).

Correct corpus callosum; thicker

With respect to the potential brain bases of sexual orientation, recent fMRI research revealed that the _____ is _____ among gay men than among straight men.

Correct corpus callosum; thicker

Which option illustrates an elaborative rehearsal strategy?

Correct creating visual images based on the information to be remembered

Which explanation of forgetting is correctly described?

Correct decay — information is lost over time as a result of nonuse

The similarity between the learning and retrieval contexts influences how well information will be remembered. This is known as the:

Correct encoding specificity principle.

Which sequence correctly orders the phases of the human sexual response cycle, from first to last?

Correct excitement> plateau > orgasm > resolution

In a study described in your text some participants were asked to learn hierarchically organized words. Other participants were asked to learn the same words arranged randomly. All participants were later required to recall the words. In this study, the group learning the organized words was the _____ group.

Correct experimental

Which of these sexually transmitted infections is viral?

Correct genital herpes

Examining historical trends, Pamela Keel and Kelly Klump (2003) found that the prevalence of bulimia nervosa:

Correct increased dramatically during the second half of the 1900s.

When an emotional stimulus is encountered, the amygdala alerts the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system via connections with the _____ and the _____.

Correct medulla; hypothalamus

With respect to the repressed memory debate, the American Psychological Association released a 1998 statement affirming that:

Correct memories are subject to change.

Behaviors fueled by drives (such as eating) are MOST likely maintained through:

Correct negative reinforcement.

Which of these is NOT one of the three general memory processes identified at the beginning of the chapter?

perception

In a memory experiment, Dr. Aziz shows participants a list of words. One group is then given a recognition test and one group is asked to recall the words. What would be a reasonable prediction regarding the relative performance of the two groups on the memory test?

The recognition group should outperform the recall group.

Research conducted by _____ has demonstrated the reconstructive nature of memory.

loftus

Based on data presented in the textbook, approximately what proportion of "hookups" involves oral sex or intercourse?

35

In round figures, about _____% of the variation among men in homosexual behavior is inherited.

35

To test their theory of emotion, Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer injected some participants with epinephrine and some with a placebo. If Schachter and Singer conducted a double-blind experiment, then:

Correct no participant would know whether he or she had received epinephrine or a placebo, and the assistant administering the study would also not know whether a given participant had received epinephrine or a placebo.

The amygdala sends emotional signals to:

Correct other limbic system structures, the brainstem, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system but nowhere else.

Owen has trouble remembering a friend's new phone number; he keeps recalling the old number instead. Completing a rental application, Pippa finds she can't recall one of her previous addresses, as she's had several addresses since. Owen is experiencing _____ interference. Pippa is experiencing ____ interference.

Correct proactive; retroactive

In _____ amnesia, memory is lost for events preceding an injury or accident; in _____ amnesia, memory is lost for events following an injury or accident.

Correct retrograde; anterograde

To investigate human sexuality in general, Alfred Kinsey and his colleagues studied just over 10,000 Americans. These people constituted Kinsey's:

Correct sample.

In the 1990s, the U.S. Army used the recruiting slogan, "Be all that you can be." This phrase is MOST nearly reminiscent of Abraham Maslow's need for:

Correct self-actualization.

According to Edward Deci and Richard Ryan (2008), the core human motivation is _____.

Correct self-determination.

An acronym helps recall because it is easier to remember an acronym than a long string of information. Thus, acronyms help circumvent the capacity limitations of _____ memory.

Correct short-term

Walter Cannon and A. L. Washburn (1912) demonstrated the involvement of the _____ in producing feelings of hunger.

Correct stomach

massed practice refers to

Correct studying for long periods without breaks.

If Lola begins to list all the classes she's ever taken in college, she will most likely recall her last few classes particularly well. What is this phenomenon called?

Correct the recency effect

The textbook notes that, "using naturalistic observation, researchers found that women choose lower-calorie meals when eating with men than when eating with other women." The fact that the researchers used naturalistic observation means that:

Correct women were studied in everyday environments, such as cafés.

In the retrieval phase of Godden and Baddeley's (1975) "scuba diver" study of the encoding specificity principle, participants were asked to supply all the words they could remember from the encoding condition. This was a _____ measure of memory.

recall recognition

A psychological scientist states that she is interested in a brief type of memory store she calls "olfactory memory," which is a type of _____ memory.

sensory long term

In the words of George Miller, the capacity of short-term memory is the "magical number _____."

seven, plus, minus two

The concept of working memory represents a contemporary conceptualization of _____ memory.

short term sensory