Bone Tissue Ch. 7 SB EC
One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain
electrolyte balance
The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called
endosteum
The structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the __________ plate.
epiphyseal
True or false: The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.
false, Reason: Chondrocytes produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix. Osteoblasts are the cells that deposit bone matrix and eventually become osteocytes.
Bones are classified as one of four types based on their shape. The bones of the cranium are examples of bones.
flat
Thin, often curved, bones are classified as what shape?
flat
Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture _______
hematoma
What is a mass of blood in the tissues called?
hematoma
_______ cartilage is the tissue which is replaced with bone during endochondral ossification.
hyaline
The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called ______.
hydroxyapatite
Most long bones are found ______.
in the limbs
Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component of the bony matrix?
inorganic
An increase in the length of a long bone occurs by the process of ______ growth
interstitial
What bone shape are vertebrae classified as?
irregular
How does calcitriol affect blood phosphate levels?
it raises them
Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as bones.
long
The medullary cavity is also called the ______.
marrow cavity
The branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders is
orthopedics
The connective tissue that makes up bone is called ______ tissue.
osseous
The process of bone formation is called
ossification
Osteocytes are former ______.
osteoblasts
Osteoblasts secrete the hormone ______.
osteocalcin
Mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone are called
osteocytes
A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture is called _____.
osteoporosis
Which gland secretes parathyroid hormone?
parathyroid gland
The connective tissue surrounding the external surface of a bone is called the
periosteum
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?
the zone of cell proliferation
The most deadly form of bone cancer is
Osteosarcoma
What is the term for the connective tissue sheath around the external surface of a bone?
Periosteum
The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called ______ lamellae.
concentric
Articular surfaces of long bones are covered with which tissue?
Hyaline cartilage
Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification?
Hyaline cartilage model
What is low blood calcium called?
Hypocalcemia
Where does the calcium and phosphate used to mineralize bone come from?
the blood
Which condition is characterized by excessive excitability of the nervous and muscular systems due to low blood calcium levels?
Hypocalcemia
Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together is called ________ bone.
compact
Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?
compact
Which best describes osseous tissue?
A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone
What often causes the loss of bone mass seen in osteoporosis in older women?
A loss of estrogen
Which tend to attain their full height earlier in life?
Adolescent girls
Which describes a nutrient foramen?
An opening into the surface of a bone which allows the passage of blood vessels into bone tissue
Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?
An osteon
Which type of bone growth involves the deposition of new tissue at the surface?
Appositional
Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker?
Appositional growth
What is the hyaline cartilage found covering the ends of bones within a joint called?
Articular cartilage
What is the function of red bone marrow?
Blood cell production
What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?
Bone Marrow; Reason: More specifically, red marrow is found in the spongy bone of the epiphysis of a long bone, whereas yellow marrow is found in the medullary (marrow) cavity of the diaphysis.
Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Which two ions are deposited by osteoblasts into the bone matrix?
Calcium Phosphate
Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?
Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls.
What are the two principle forms of ossification that occur in the development of the skeletal system?
Endochondral and intramembranous
Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?
Endosteum
Where do you find osteogenic cells?
Endosteum and periosteum
Where does a long bone grow in length?
Epiphyseal plate
What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called?
Epiphysis
Which hormone has a greater effect on bone growth?
Estrogen
What does the hormone calcitonin do?
Inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts
Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?
Interstitial
Calcitriol acts on which organs to raise blood calcium levels?
Kidneys Bones Small intestines
What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides called?
Lacuna
Lacunae are located between concentric rings of compact bone tissue called what?
Lamellae
What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called?
Lamellae
PTH is a hormone released by parathyroid glands in response to which of the following?
Low blood calcium levels
Which allows the passage of blood vessels into a bone?
Nutrient foramen
If you were having joint problems, which medical specialist would be most likely to help you?
Orthopedist
During intramembranous ossification, bone matrix is deposited by which type of cells?
Osteoblasts
Which bone cells produce the organic bone matrix?
Osteoblasts
As a flat bone is produced by intramembranous ossification, which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue that carves out the spongy bone's trabeculae?
Osteoclasts
Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called
Osteogenic cells
The study of bone is called
Osteology
In which of the following does blood cell production occur?
Red bone marrow
Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?
Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
Which are functions of the skeletal system?
Support Acid-base balance Blood formation Protection
Which describes a diaphysis?
The shaft of a long bone
Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?
compact
Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the closest to the marrow cavity?
Zone of bone deposition
Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the farthest from the marrow space?
Zone of reserve cartilage
Vitamin D, also known as ______, raises the blood calcium level.
calcitriol
Which mineral is more closely regulated by the body?
calcium
In longitudinal views, osteons are ______.
cylinders
What bone shape are the carpal bones of the wrist?
short
Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as
short bones
Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in ______ bone tissue.
spongy
The interior of flat bones is composed of ______ bone.
spongy
Trabeculae and spicules are found in ___________ bone.
spongy
What bone is always enclosed by more durable compact bone?
spongy
An epiphyseal line is slightly denser ______.
spongy bone
What are the thin plates forming spongy bone called?
trabeculae
True or false: Compact bone comprises most of the diaphysis of a long bone.
true
True or false: Once "closed" or ossified, growth in length no longer occurs at an epiphyseal plate.
true
