Bone Tissue Ch. 7 SB EC

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

One function of the skeleton is to store calcium and phosphate to help maintain

electrolyte balance

The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called

endosteum

The structure found between the epiphysis and diaphysis in a child and is a site of bone growth is the __________ plate.

epiphyseal

True or false: The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.

false, Reason: Chondrocytes produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix. Osteoblasts are the cells that deposit bone matrix and eventually become osteocytes.

Bones are classified as one of four types based on their shape. The bones of the cranium are examples of bones.

flat

Thin, often curved, bones are classified as what shape?

flat

Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture _______

hematoma

What is a mass of blood in the tissues called?

hematoma

_______ cartilage is the tissue which is replaced with bone during endochondral ossification.

hyaline

The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called ______.

hydroxyapatite

Most long bones are found ______.

in the limbs

Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component of the bony matrix?

inorganic

An increase in the length of a long bone occurs by the process of ______ growth

interstitial

What bone shape are vertebrae classified as?

irregular

How does calcitriol affect blood phosphate levels?

it raises them

Bones that are longer than they are wide are classified as bones.

long

The medullary cavity is also called the ______.

marrow cavity

The branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders is

orthopedics

The connective tissue that makes up bone is called ______ tissue.

osseous

The process of bone formation is called

ossification

Osteocytes are former ______.

osteoblasts

Osteoblasts secrete the hormone ______.

osteocalcin

Mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone are called

osteocytes

A degenerative bone disease characterized by a loss of bone mass and an increased risk of fracture is called _____.

osteoporosis

Which gland secretes parathyroid hormone?

parathyroid gland

The connective tissue surrounding the external surface of a bone is called the

periosteum

In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?

the zone of cell proliferation

The most deadly form of bone cancer is

Osteosarcoma

What is the term for the connective tissue sheath around the external surface of a bone?

Periosteum

The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called ______ lamellae.

concentric

Articular surfaces of long bones are covered with which tissue?

Hyaline cartilage

Where does bone formation occur during endochondral ossification?

Hyaline cartilage model

What is low blood calcium called?

Hypocalcemia

Where does the calcium and phosphate used to mineralize bone come from?

the blood

Which condition is characterized by excessive excitability of the nervous and muscular systems due to low blood calcium levels?

Hypocalcemia

Bone tissue made up of parallel osteons that are tightly packed together is called ________ bone.

compact

Which osseous tissue is found at the surface of all bones?

compact

Which best describes osseous tissue?

A connective tissue with a hardened matrix that makes up bone

What often causes the loss of bone mass seen in osteoporosis in older women?

A loss of estrogen

Which tend to attain their full height earlier in life?

Adolescent girls

Which describes a nutrient foramen?

An opening into the surface of a bone which allows the passage of blood vessels into bone tissue

Within compact bone, a central canal is found at the center of which structure?

An osteon

Which type of bone growth involves the deposition of new tissue at the surface?

Appositional

Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker?

Appositional growth

What is the hyaline cartilage found covering the ends of bones within a joint called?

Articular cartilage

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Blood cell production

What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?

Bone Marrow; Reason: More specifically, red marrow is found in the spongy bone of the epiphysis of a long bone, whereas yellow marrow is found in the medullary (marrow) cavity of the diaphysis.

Which hormone inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to lower blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Which two ions are deposited by osteoblasts into the bone matrix?

Calcium Phosphate

Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate?

Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls.

What are the two principle forms of ossification that occur in the development of the skeletal system?

Endochondral and intramembranous

Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?

Endosteum

Where do you find osteogenic cells?

Endosteum and periosteum

Where does a long bone grow in length?

Epiphyseal plate

What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called?

Epiphysis

Which hormone has a greater effect on bone growth?

Estrogen

What does the hormone calcitonin do?

Inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts

Which type of bone growth occurs within cartilage and results in bone elongation?

Interstitial

Calcitriol acts on which organs to raise blood calcium levels?

Kidneys Bones Small intestines

What is the hollow space in which an osteocyte resides called?

Lacuna

Lacunae are located between concentric rings of compact bone tissue called what?

Lamellae

What are the layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue called?

Lamellae

PTH is a hormone released by parathyroid glands in response to which of the following?

Low blood calcium levels

Which allows the passage of blood vessels into a bone?

Nutrient foramen

If you were having joint problems, which medical specialist would be most likely to help you?

Orthopedist

During intramembranous ossification, bone matrix is deposited by which type of cells?

Osteoblasts

Which bone cells produce the organic bone matrix?

Osteoblasts

As a flat bone is produced by intramembranous ossification, which cells are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue that carves out the spongy bone's trabeculae?

Osteoclasts

Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called

Osteogenic cells

The study of bone is called

Osteology

In which of the following does blood cell production occur?

Red bone marrow

Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?

Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

Which are functions of the skeletal system?

Support Acid-base balance Blood formation Protection

Which describes a diaphysis?

The shaft of a long bone

Which osseous tissue is found on the surface of bones and composed of tightly arranged parallel osteons?

compact

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the closest to the marrow cavity?

Zone of bone deposition

Which zone of the epiphyseal plate is located the farthest from the marrow space?

Zone of reserve cartilage

Vitamin D, also known as ______, raises the blood calcium level.

calcitriol

Which mineral is more closely regulated by the body?

calcium

In longitudinal views, osteons are ______.

cylinders

What bone shape are the carpal bones of the wrist?

short

Bones such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as

short bones

Bone marrow fills the spaces between trabeculae in ______ bone tissue.

spongy

The interior of flat bones is composed of ______ bone.

spongy

Trabeculae and spicules are found in ___________ bone.

spongy

What bone is always enclosed by more durable compact bone?

spongy

An epiphyseal line is slightly denser ______.

spongy bone

What are the thin plates forming spongy bone called?

trabeculae

True or false: Compact bone comprises most of the diaphysis of a long bone.

true

True or false: Once "closed" or ossified, growth in length no longer occurs at an epiphyseal plate.

true


Kaugnay na mga set ng pag-aaral

NCCER Material Handling Study Guide

View Set

What makes a good friend- French module 1

View Set

Great Gatsby Quotes and Questions

View Set

Basic Electrical Theory: Unit 15 - Protection Devices

View Set