BOT Chapter 5 - Legumes
Gemstone connection to plant
"Carat" weight classification of gemstones originates from carob seeds, which were thought to not vary much in weight
All legumes have large amounts of ____
protein
Legumes are grown ____, but they are grown most heavily in ___.
Worldwide; India
How can soybeans be used?
1. "Milked" 2. As a snack 3. As oil 4. As a component for making meal
List the forage legumes discussed
1. Alfalfa 2. Clover/Trifolium 3. Sweet clover/Melilotus
Describe some vegetative characteristics of legumes.
1. Contain compound leaves 2. Vary in size (herbs to trees) 3. Have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots. 4. Are used as alternative crops. 5. Have large amounts of protein.
What are some alternative names for soybeans? (3)
1. Edamame - Japanese 2. Cinderella plant - US 3. Cows without bones
What products come from carob?
1. Fake chocolate is made from pulp 2. Has thickening agent - locus bean gum
What are alternate names for peanuts?
1. Goobers 2. Groundnuts
List the different kind of edible peas (4)
1. Green 2. Black-eyed 3. Snow 4. Chick(peas)
List the different kinds of beans. (11 e.e)
1. Kidney 2. Lima 3. Broad 4. Winged 5. Pinto 6. Green 7. Wax 8. Butter 9. Pole 10. Snap 11. String
Peanuts (and peanut oil) contain large amounts of ____
1. Oil 2. Protein 3. Polyunsaturated fatty acid 3. Monounsaturated fatty acid
Describe the history of peanut butter.
1. Original peanut butter was a non-sweet paste used by ancient Peruvians. 2. Modern peanut butter was made by the Kellogg brothers to be a protein supplement for those with no teeth
What is soybean milk made of?
A protein and carbohydrate mix
Miso
A seasoning made from fermented soybeans
Tofuti
A soybean-based product which acts as a plant-based ice cream
Tamarinds are native to ____
Africa
Fabaceae alternate name?
Bean Family
The peanuts on a peanut plant grow ___
Below the ground
All legumes are part of which family?
Fabaceae
Soy sauce is made from what?
Fermented soybean oil
The mesocarp of a carob is ___.
Fleshy
The mesocarp of a tamarind is ____
Fleshy
Lecithin
Food additive derived from soybeans
Trifolium
Form of compound leaf with 3 leaves at 90 degree angles to each other (think 3 leaf clover)
Beans were traditionally grown in which areas?
Both the old and new world
Tempeh
Calorie-rich food made from deep-fried fermented soybeans
Currently the largest grower of peanuts is...
China
Soybeans originate from where?
China
Tamarind is used for making _____ and ___
Chutney; sour sauces
Abrin
Compound found in rosary peas which makes them incredibly poisonous.
What does a tamarind look like?
Contains long, dry, brown pods containing a long and sticky pulp with multiple seeds inside of it
What are the edible parts of soybeans?
Cooked beans; raw beans are unpleasant tasting and pods can't be eaten
Alternative crop
Crop grown in the periods between the growing seasons of a main crop (i.e. corn) which is harvested and then plowed back down to restore nitrogen for the main crop; legumes are used for this.
Tofu is made from what?
Curds of soybean "milk"
The world's largest peanut is in...
Durant, Oklahoma
Nodule
Special compartment in legume roots which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Chutney
Special sauce derived from ground tamarind
List all the legumes discussed.
1. Pules (general term) 2. Lentils 3. Beans 4. Peas 5. Peanuts 6. Soybeans 7. Tamarind 8. Carob 9. Alfalfa 10. Clover 11. Sweet Clover/Melilotus 12. Fenugreek 13. Indigo 14. Licorice 15. Mesquite 16. Redwood 17. Rosary Peas
Name some products made from soybeans.
1. Soy sauce 2. Tofu 3. Tofuti 4. Tempeh 6. Textured Vegetable Protein 7. Lecithin 8. Miso
What are the 2 different kinds of peanuts? How are they different?
1. Spanish - 2 bulges, rich in oil 2. Virginia - 3-4 bulges
Black-eyed peas symbolize ___ in ___
Good luck; the US
What is the species name of peanut? What does it mean?
Hypogaeae - below ground
Rosary Peas
Incredibly poison legumes which are characterized by red/black seeds.
What is an alternate name for tamarind?
Indian date
Dhal
Indian dish made of dried lentils and other legumes.
What is the species name of Tamarind? What does it mean?
Indica - India
What is special about the garden pea?
It was used by Gregor Mendel for heredity.
What is another name for alfalfa?
King of forage legumes
Feunugreek
Legume used as a condiment
Licorice
Legume used as a flavoring; is many times sweeter than sugarcane
Mesquite
Legume used for charcoal and cooking
Rosewood
Legume used for making expensive furniture
Indigo
Legume used to make indigo dye
Forage Legumes
Legumes not eaten by humans, but eaten by farm animals
What is another name for sweet clover?
Melilotus
Pulses
Name for dired legume seeds.
Where did peanuts originate from?
Peru
What is an alternative name for legumes? Why?
Poor man's protein; legumes have incredibly high protein in them, given their cost.
Textured Vegetable Protein
Protein found in soybean which is used in imitation meat products such as bacon bits.
Pulses contain large amounts of ___ and ___.
Protein, fat
Soybeans are considered ___ in ___.
Sacred; China
Garden pea species name?
Sativum - cultivated
What is the edible part of a carob?
The mesocarp and exocarp - are both sweet
What are the edible parts of the tamarind?
The seeds - roasted or boiled The pulp
Why are soybeans called "cows without bones"
They are used to make a ton of vegetable-based synthetic meat products
Leguminosae
Traditional name for legumes; is no longer used.
Peanuts are incredibly popular in the ___
US
George Washington Carver
US man who spread the popularity of peanuts by growing them and showing their multiple uses
What is special about indigo dye?
Used to be very difficult to make, so only royalty used it
Pulses have low amounts of ___
Water