BOT Chapter 5 - Legumes

Gemstone connection to plant

"Carat" weight classification of gemstones originates from carob seeds, which were thought to not vary much in weight

All legumes have large amounts of ____

protein

Legumes are grown ____, but they are grown most heavily in ___.

Worldwide; India

How can soybeans be used?

1. "Milked" 2. As a snack 3. As oil 4. As a component for making meal

List the forage legumes discussed

1. Alfalfa 2. Clover/Trifolium 3. Sweet clover/Melilotus

Describe some vegetative characteristics of legumes.

1. Contain compound leaves 2. Vary in size (herbs to trees) 3. Have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots. 4. Are used as alternative crops. 5. Have large amounts of protein.

What are some alternative names for soybeans? (3)

1. Edamame - Japanese 2. Cinderella plant - US 3. Cows without bones

What products come from carob?

1. Fake chocolate is made from pulp 2. Has thickening agent - locus bean gum

What are alternate names for peanuts?

1. Goobers 2. Groundnuts

List the different kind of edible peas (4)

1. Green 2. Black-eyed 3. Snow 4. Chick(peas)

List the different kinds of beans. (11 e.e)

1. Kidney 2. Lima 3. Broad 4. Winged 5. Pinto 6. Green 7. Wax 8. Butter 9. Pole 10. Snap 11. String

Peanuts (and peanut oil) contain large amounts of ____

1. Oil 2. Protein 3. Polyunsaturated fatty acid 3. Monounsaturated fatty acid

Describe the history of peanut butter.

1. Original peanut butter was a non-sweet paste used by ancient Peruvians. 2. Modern peanut butter was made by the Kellogg brothers to be a protein supplement for those with no teeth

What is soybean milk made of?

A protein and carbohydrate mix

Miso

A seasoning made from fermented soybeans

Tofuti

A soybean-based product which acts as a plant-based ice cream

Tamarinds are native to ____

Africa

Fabaceae alternate name?

Bean Family

The peanuts on a peanut plant grow ___

Below the ground

All legumes are part of which family?

Fabaceae

Soy sauce is made from what?

Fermented soybean oil

The mesocarp of a carob is ___.

Fleshy

The mesocarp of a tamarind is ____

Fleshy

Lecithin

Food additive derived from soybeans

Trifolium

Form of compound leaf with 3 leaves at 90 degree angles to each other (think 3 leaf clover)

Beans were traditionally grown in which areas?

Both the old and new world

Tempeh

Calorie-rich food made from deep-fried fermented soybeans

Currently the largest grower of peanuts is...

China

Soybeans originate from where?

China

Tamarind is used for making _____ and ___

Chutney; sour sauces

Abrin

Compound found in rosary peas which makes them incredibly poisonous.

What does a tamarind look like?

Contains long, dry, brown pods containing a long and sticky pulp with multiple seeds inside of it

What are the edible parts of soybeans?

Cooked beans; raw beans are unpleasant tasting and pods can't be eaten

Alternative crop

Crop grown in the periods between the growing seasons of a main crop (i.e. corn) which is harvested and then plowed back down to restore nitrogen for the main crop; legumes are used for this.

Tofu is made from what?

Curds of soybean "milk"

The world's largest peanut is in...

Durant, Oklahoma

Nodule

Special compartment in legume roots which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Chutney

Special sauce derived from ground tamarind

List all the legumes discussed.

1. Pules (general term) 2. Lentils 3. Beans 4. Peas 5. Peanuts 6. Soybeans 7. Tamarind 8. Carob 9. Alfalfa 10. Clover 11. Sweet Clover/Melilotus 12. Fenugreek 13. Indigo 14. Licorice 15. Mesquite 16. Redwood 17. Rosary Peas

Name some products made from soybeans.

1. Soy sauce 2. Tofu 3. Tofuti 4. Tempeh 6. Textured Vegetable Protein 7. Lecithin 8. Miso

What are the 2 different kinds of peanuts? How are they different?

1. Spanish - 2 bulges, rich in oil 2. Virginia - 3-4 bulges

Black-eyed peas symbolize ___ in ___

Good luck; the US

What is the species name of peanut? What does it mean?

Hypogaeae - below ground

Rosary Peas

Incredibly poison legumes which are characterized by red/black seeds.

What is an alternate name for tamarind?

Indian date

Dhal

Indian dish made of dried lentils and other legumes.

What is the species name of Tamarind? What does it mean?

Indica - India

What is special about the garden pea?

It was used by Gregor Mendel for heredity.

What is another name for alfalfa?

King of forage legumes

Feunugreek

Legume used as a condiment

Licorice

Legume used as a flavoring; is many times sweeter than sugarcane

Mesquite

Legume used for charcoal and cooking

Rosewood

Legume used for making expensive furniture

Indigo

Legume used to make indigo dye

Forage Legumes

Legumes not eaten by humans, but eaten by farm animals

What is another name for sweet clover?

Melilotus

Pulses

Name for dired legume seeds.

Where did peanuts originate from?

Peru

What is an alternative name for legumes? Why?

Poor man's protein; legumes have incredibly high protein in them, given their cost.

Textured Vegetable Protein

Protein found in soybean which is used in imitation meat products such as bacon bits.

Pulses contain large amounts of ___ and ___.

Protein, fat

Soybeans are considered ___ in ___.

Sacred; China

Garden pea species name?

Sativum - cultivated

What is the edible part of a carob?

The mesocarp and exocarp - are both sweet

What are the edible parts of the tamarind?

The seeds - roasted or boiled The pulp

Why are soybeans called "cows without bones"

They are used to make a ton of vegetable-based synthetic meat products

Leguminosae

Traditional name for legumes; is no longer used.

Peanuts are incredibly popular in the ___

US

George Washington Carver

US man who spread the popularity of peanuts by growing them and showing their multiple uses

What is special about indigo dye?

Used to be very difficult to make, so only royalty used it

Pulses have low amounts of ___

Water