Botany

example of insectivorous plants

Venus' fly trap

result of sexual reproduction in plants

a seed

what do corms do?

act as a storage organ used by some plants to survive winter or summer

the sticking together of particles of different substances

adhesion

what are the two types of meristems?

apical and lateral

capable of cell division; elongate shoots and roots through primary growth

apical meristem

when is a stomata closed?

at night

a plant hormone produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation

auxin

primary growth point

axillary bud

Why would most guard cells be on the underneath of a leaf?

because it's cooler and the leaf won't loose any water

thin flattened section of a leaf

blade

an underground mass of fleshy storage leaves

bulb

what are underground adaptations of leaves?

bulbs

example of spines

cactuses

Water is transported through the stem by

capillary action

the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of gravity

capillary action

the sticking together of particles of the same substances

cohesion

a swollen underground stem base that is modified into a mass of storage tissue

corms

first leaves to emerge from a seed

cotyledon

the waxy covering of the leaf that reduces water loss

cuticle

hormone that stimulates cell division

cytokinins

this tissue consists of the epidermis

dermal tissue

what are the three tissues?

dermal, vascular & ground

allows new plants to grow under favorable conditions

dormancy

when is a stomata open?

during the day

this root stores of carbohydrates and water

edible root

forms after an egg has been fertilized

embryo

the food supply for the embryo in a seed

endosperm

layer of cells underneath the cuticle which protects the internal tissues of the leaf

epidermis

hormone plays major role in ripening of fruit

ethylene

what are the plant hormones?

ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins and auxin

what root has a larger surface area and is excellent for preventing erosion?

fibrous root

sprouting of a seed

germination

plant hormone that promotes stem elongation, fruit growth and seed germination

gibberellins

growth in response to gravity

gravitropism

what tissue has cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis and support?

ground

cells that open and close the stomata

guard cells

what factors can increase the rate of transpiration?

heat, humidity and wind

this type of stem is supported by hydrostatic pressure

herbaceous

Chemical signals that coordinate growth, development, and responses to stimuli

hormones

Tropisms are often caused by

hormones

Roots grow toward water

hydrotropism

stem between nodes

internodes

adds thickness of stems and roots through secondary growth

lateral meristem

the photosynthetic organ of a plant

leaf

what are bulbs, spines, prickles, insectivorous plants and tendrils?

leaf adaptations

three organs of a plant

leaf, stem and root

example of a rhizome

lily

What type of leaves/plants would the guard cells be on the upper surface?

marshy leaves/plants

plant tissue that contains stem cells; new cells

meristem

example of herbaceous

moss

Where is the vascular tissue found in stems?

near the edges

Stems show ......... gravitropism

negative

growth away from a stimulus

negative tropism

attachment for leaves to the stem

nodes

what in roots is being actively transported?

nutrients

example of a bulb

onion

contains chloroplast for photosynthesis in leaf

palisade mesophyll

relationship between two species in which one benefits while the other is harmed

parasitic roots

lateral stem that attaches leaf to main stem

petiole

transports nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed

phloem

Response to change in light exposure and to seasons; any response of a plant to daylight and darkness lengths

photoperiodism

process plants use to make their own food

photosynthesis

Plants grow toward a source of light

phototropism

Roots show ......... gravitropism

positive

growth toward a stimulus

positive tropism

modified clusters of epidermal cells

prickles

stems growing upwards and roots growing downward

primary growth

underground stems

rhizomes

absorbs nutrients and anchors the plant

root

Protects root as it grows

root cap

helps increase the surface area of the root

root hair

example of prickles

rose stems

stems becoming larger in circumference

secondary growth

what are the four types of dispersal?

self dispersal, wind dispersal, water dispersal, animal dispersal

the new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a

shoot

modified leave

spines

allows gas exchange in leaf

spongy mesophyll

this plant organ transports substances between roots and leaves

stem

above ground horizontal stems, also called runners

stolons

located on the under side of a leaf which allows water and gases through

stomata

In some plants, the taproot acts as a

storage organ

what do bulbs do?

store food during dormancy

example of a stolon

strawberry plant

what root can reach deep water in the ground?

tap root

modified leaves, stems or petioles that wrap around things and support the shoots

tendrils

Where is the vascular tissue found in roots?

the center

What happens to a plant with a tap root if the root is damaged?

the plant dies

what emerges first from the seed?

the root

what do spines do?

they protect plants from predators

Response to touch; plant grows toward or away from pressure

thigmotropism

how does water enter a root?

throughout the root hairs

what is the main function of fruit?

to disperse the seeds

why do insectivorous plants trap insects?

to obtain nitrogen

what do prickles do?

to protect plants from being eaten by animals

evaporation of water from plant leaves

transpiration

what do insectivorous plants do?

trap and digest insects and other small animal

example of woody

trees

plant's response to a stimulus; light, gravity

tropism

underground stem modification that stores food for the plant

tubers

what are the underground adaptations of stems?

tubers, corms and rhizomes

tissue system of plants consisting of xylem and phloem tissue

vascular tissue

Transport of materials between roots and shoots

vascular tissue function

example of tendrils

vine plants

What can be added to a herbaceous stem to make it "stronger"?

water

What do plants need to survive?

water

what in roots is transported passively?

water

this type of stem has thick cell walls

woody

what are the two types of stems?

woody and herbaceous

transports water upward from roots into the shoots

xylem

What two tissues are found within a vein?

xylem and phloem