Botany
example of insectivorous plants
Venus' fly trap
result of sexual reproduction in plants
a seed
what do corms do?
act as a storage organ used by some plants to survive winter or summer
the sticking together of particles of different substances
adhesion
what are the two types of meristems?
apical and lateral
capable of cell division; elongate shoots and roots through primary growth
apical meristem
when is a stomata closed?
at night
a plant hormone produced in the stem tip that promotes cell elongation
auxin
primary growth point
axillary bud
Why would most guard cells be on the underneath of a leaf?
because it's cooler and the leaf won't loose any water
thin flattened section of a leaf
blade
an underground mass of fleshy storage leaves
bulb
what are underground adaptations of leaves?
bulbs
example of spines
cactuses
Water is transported through the stem by
capillary action
the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of gravity
capillary action
the sticking together of particles of the same substances
cohesion
a swollen underground stem base that is modified into a mass of storage tissue
corms
first leaves to emerge from a seed
cotyledon
the waxy covering of the leaf that reduces water loss
cuticle
hormone that stimulates cell division
cytokinins
this tissue consists of the epidermis
dermal tissue
what are the three tissues?
dermal, vascular & ground
allows new plants to grow under favorable conditions
dormancy
when is a stomata open?
during the day
this root stores of carbohydrates and water
edible root
forms after an egg has been fertilized
embryo
the food supply for the embryo in a seed
endosperm
layer of cells underneath the cuticle which protects the internal tissues of the leaf
epidermis
hormone plays major role in ripening of fruit
ethylene
what are the plant hormones?
ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins and auxin
what root has a larger surface area and is excellent for preventing erosion?
fibrous root
sprouting of a seed
germination
plant hormone that promotes stem elongation, fruit growth and seed germination
gibberellins
growth in response to gravity
gravitropism
what tissue has cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis and support?
ground
cells that open and close the stomata
guard cells
what factors can increase the rate of transpiration?
heat, humidity and wind
this type of stem is supported by hydrostatic pressure
herbaceous
Chemical signals that coordinate growth, development, and responses to stimuli
hormones
Tropisms are often caused by
hormones
Roots grow toward water
hydrotropism
stem between nodes
internodes
adds thickness of stems and roots through secondary growth
lateral meristem
the photosynthetic organ of a plant
leaf
what are bulbs, spines, prickles, insectivorous plants and tendrils?
leaf adaptations
three organs of a plant
leaf, stem and root
example of a rhizome
lily
What type of leaves/plants would the guard cells be on the upper surface?
marshy leaves/plants
plant tissue that contains stem cells; new cells
meristem
example of herbaceous
moss
Where is the vascular tissue found in stems?
near the edges
Stems show ......... gravitropism
negative
growth away from a stimulus
negative tropism
attachment for leaves to the stem
nodes
what in roots is being actively transported?
nutrients
example of a bulb
onion
contains chloroplast for photosynthesis in leaf
palisade mesophyll
relationship between two species in which one benefits while the other is harmed
parasitic roots
lateral stem that attaches leaf to main stem
petiole
transports nutrients from where they are made to where they are needed
phloem
Response to change in light exposure and to seasons; any response of a plant to daylight and darkness lengths
photoperiodism
process plants use to make their own food
photosynthesis
Plants grow toward a source of light
phototropism
Roots show ......... gravitropism
positive
growth toward a stimulus
positive tropism
modified clusters of epidermal cells
prickles
stems growing upwards and roots growing downward
primary growth
underground stems
rhizomes
absorbs nutrients and anchors the plant
root
Protects root as it grows
root cap
helps increase the surface area of the root
root hair
example of prickles
rose stems
stems becoming larger in circumference
secondary growth
what are the four types of dispersal?
self dispersal, wind dispersal, water dispersal, animal dispersal
the new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a
shoot
modified leave
spines
allows gas exchange in leaf
spongy mesophyll
this plant organ transports substances between roots and leaves
stem
above ground horizontal stems, also called runners
stolons
located on the under side of a leaf which allows water and gases through
stomata
In some plants, the taproot acts as a
storage organ
what do bulbs do?
store food during dormancy
example of a stolon
strawberry plant
what root can reach deep water in the ground?
tap root
modified leaves, stems or petioles that wrap around things and support the shoots
tendrils
Where is the vascular tissue found in roots?
the center
What happens to a plant with a tap root if the root is damaged?
the plant dies
what emerges first from the seed?
the root
what do spines do?
they protect plants from predators
Response to touch; plant grows toward or away from pressure
thigmotropism
how does water enter a root?
throughout the root hairs
what is the main function of fruit?
to disperse the seeds
why do insectivorous plants trap insects?
to obtain nitrogen
what do prickles do?
to protect plants from being eaten by animals
evaporation of water from plant leaves
transpiration
what do insectivorous plants do?
trap and digest insects and other small animal
example of woody
trees
plant's response to a stimulus; light, gravity
tropism
underground stem modification that stores food for the plant
tubers
what are the underground adaptations of stems?
tubers, corms and rhizomes
tissue system of plants consisting of xylem and phloem tissue
vascular tissue
Transport of materials between roots and shoots
vascular tissue function
example of tendrils
vine plants
What can be added to a herbaceous stem to make it "stronger"?
water
What do plants need to survive?
water
what in roots is transported passively?
water
this type of stem has thick cell walls
woody
what are the two types of stems?
woody and herbaceous
transports water upward from roots into the shoots
xylem
What two tissues are found within a vein?
xylem and phloem