Botany Chapter 25

Bryophyte plant bodies are called _________, which are not differentiated into true root, stem, andleaf .a. thalli b. rachis c. hyaline Cells d. pinna

A

Green algae are similar to plants in many ways. Which of the following is a characteristic of plants not shared by the green algae? a. They are adapted to life on land. b. They can photosynthesize. c. They can reproduce via spores. d. They are multicellular

A

In ferns, what are the sori? a. Small hair-like structures found on roots b. Brown and orange spots on underneath of pinnae c. A symbiotic fungus growing on many ferns d. A special type of cell that aids in dispersal of nutrients

A

Psilotum is a plant that has a very simple structure, lacks leaves and roots, bears one type of spore, and has heterotrophic gametophytes. Why has it recently been classified with the ferns? a. Modern DNA analysis shows that they are closely related .b. Ferns also lack roots .c. Ferns also only have one type of spore. d. none of the above

A

The chromosome complement (ploidy) in a moss protonema is: a. 1n b. 2n c. 3n d. varies with the size of the protonema

A

The evolution of the megaphyll most likely encompasses a series of steps. Which of the following is the proposed order in which these steps took place? a. overtopping, planation, webbing b. planation, overtopping, webbing c. webbing, overtopping, planation d. webbing, planation, overtopping

A

The following structures are found on the underside of fern leaves and contain sporangia: a. sori b. rhizomes c. megaphylls d. microphylls

A

The land plants are probably descendants of which of these groups? a. green algae b. red algae c. brown algae d. angiosperms

A

The production of megaphylls by many different species of plants is an example of _____. a. parallel evolution b. analogy c. divergent evolution d. homology

A

There are certain DNA sequences that have changed as plants have evolved. If you examine theseDNA sequences from two species of plants, and they are almost identical, what does that tell you aboutthe plants? a. They are closely related. b. They are in the same family. c. They have not undergone much evolutionary change. d. They are very distantly related

A

What is phylogeny? a. evolutionary history of an organism b. type of vascular arrangement found in stems of seedless vascular plants c. stages in embryonic development d. stages in leaf development

A

Which one of these characteristics is present in land plants and not in Charales? a. alternation of generations b. flagellated sperm c. phragmoplasts d. plasmodesmata

A

Why are sporophytes only found on female gametophytes in the bryophytes?a.The sperm always travels to the egg, which is stationary. b. Male gametophytes are sterile. c. The egg always travels to the sperm, which is stationary. d. Female gametophytes are taller, which results in better spore dispersal from the sporophyte

A

Why are the protracheophytes important in the evolution of land plants? a. They form a link between bryophytes and seedless vascular plants .b. They form a link between seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms. c. They lack xylem and phloem, yet could grow to great heights. d. They were the first plants to exhibit alternation of generations

A

Why did land plants lose some of the accessory pigments present in brown and red algae? a. Since the organisms are no more in water; there is no filtering of light wavelengths on land therefore, there is no need to collect light at additional wavelengths made available by other pigment coloration. b. Sunlight is filtered by water on land; therefore, there is a need to collect light at additional wavelengths made available by other pigment coloration

A

Why did the Earth become cooler as photosynthetic levels rose? a. Photosynthesis consumed CO2, which is a greenhouse gas. b. Photosynthesis produced oxygen, which cooled the Earth as it evaporated into space. c. Increased levels of photosynthesis resulted in increased levels of transpiration. d. The two happened at the same time, but are not related

A

A botanist travels to an area that has experienced a long, severe drought. While examining the bryophytes in the area, he notices that many are in the same life-cycle stage. Which life-cycle stage should be the most common? a. zygote b. gametophyte c. sporophyte d. archegonium

B

A paleobotanist discovers a new fossil plant that has moderate height, terminal cones, small leaves, and a simple vascular system. To which group does she assign this plant? a. lycophytes b. can't tell from the information c. pteridophytes d. whisk ferns

B

From which plant organ are the other organs derived, and how do we know? a. Roots, because they have maintained a simple structure. b. Stems, because the earliest vascular plants had only stems. c. Leaves, because photosynthesis was one of the earliest plant processes. d. Flowers, because flowers are essential for reproduction

B

How are peat moss bogs important to global ecology? a. They store large quantities of methane. b. They minimize temperature fluctuations on Earth. c. They create "dead zones" in vast areas of the Northern Hemisphere. d. A and B

B

How do we know that the gametophyte is the dominant phase of the life cycle? a. Sporophytes are not green, and bryophytes are generally green. b. The sporophyte never lives independently. c. Bryophytes do not produce sporophytes. d. Bryophytes rarely produce spores

B

Since plants lack bones, which are easily preserved, how do they become preserved as fossils? a. They produce a very hard epidermis. b. They produce rot-resistant compounds like lignin and sporopollenin. c. They can only be preserved in soft mud, which hardens around them. d. It is very rare to find a fossilized plant.

B

Which of the following statements about plant divisions is false? a. Lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants. b. All vascular plants produce seeds. c. All non-vascular embryophytes are bryophytes. d. Seed plants include angiosperms and gymnosperms

B

Which of the following statements best describes ferns: a. Seedless, Nonvascular b. Seedless, Vascular c. With seeds, Nonvascular d. With seeds, Vascular

B

Why are bryophytes considered to be nonvascular plants? a. They lack conducting tissue. b. They lack lignified conducting tissue. c. They have only microphylls. d. none of the above

B

Why did seedless plants become less dominant at the end of the Carboniferous? a. They cannot tolerate cool temperatures. b. There was less water available in the environment for reproduction. c. There were more insects feeding on the seedless plants at that time. d. There was increased competition for space from angiosperms

B

Young fern leaves first appear in a tightly coiled structure called a _______. a. Prothallus b. Fiddlehead c. Frond d. Rachis

B

A scientist sequences the genome of Chara, red algae, and a tomato plant. What result would support the conclusion that Charophytes should be included in the Plantae kingdom? a. The Chara genome is more similar to the red algae than the tomato plant. b. All three genomes are distinctly different. c. The Chara genome is more similar to the tomato plant genome than the red algae genome. d. The tomato plant genome is distinct from the red algae genome

C

Assume that plant sporophytes arose from a delay in meiosis of the zygote. What would the ploidy of the dominant phase of the life cycle have been in the ancestor organisms? a. polyploid b. aneuploid c. haploid d. diploid

C

Choose the correct order of evolution of the major plant groups, from oldest to most recent: a. pteridophytes, lycophytes, gymnosperms b. bryophytes, pteridophytes, lycophytes c. bryophytes, lycophytes, seed plants d. gymnosperms, pteridophytes, angiosperms

C

How are sori and cones similar? a. They are both found at the top of the plant. b. They are both found on leaves. c. They are both aggregations of sporangia. d. They both contain sporophylls

C

In the life cycle of fern, each spore germinates and grows into a multicellular gametophyte called____________. a. Rhizoids b. Antheridia c. Prothallus d. Archegonia

C

Microphylls or lycophylls (with unbranched vein) are characteristic of which types of plants? a. mosses b. liverworts c. club mosses d. ferns

C

Plants which fell into Carboniferous swamps did not decay completely. Why?a. The plants contained high amounts of lignin. b. The swamps were highly acidic .c. The swamps were low-oxygen environments. d. A and B

C

Stomata appear in which group of plants? a. Charales b. liverworts c. hornworts d. mosses

C

What are gemmae and how do they function in reproduction? a. holes in the gametophyte which function in gas exchange b. stalks which support the sporangia for spore dispersal c. small pieces of gametophyte tissue which are dispersed by wind or water d. small pieces of sporophyte tissue which are dispersed by wind or water

C

What characteristic of Charales would enable them to survive a dry spell? a. sperm with flagella b. phragmoplasts c. sporopollenin d. chlorophyll a

C

What is a horizontal, underground stem? a. Frond b. Rachis c. Rhizome d. Pinna

C

What seedless plant is a renewable source of energy? a. club moss b. horsetail c. sphagnum moss d. fern

C

What would be the advantage of having the sporangia clustered at the top of the plant, like in Equisetum? a. They are not as susceptible to rotting. b. This aids spore dispersal by insects. c. This aids spore dispersal by wind. d. They are protected from attack by pathogens.

C

Which of the following are not bryophytes a. Mosses b. Liverwort sc. Ferns d. Hornworts

C

Which of the following is a set of characteristics which sets plants apart from fungi and animals? a. They are colonial and can only reproduce sexually. b. They are multicellular and heterotrophic. c. They are multicellular and autotrophic. d. They produce both spores and gametes

C

Which of the following statements about the moss life cycle is false? a. The mature gametophyte is haploid. b. The sporophyte produces haploid spores. c. The calyptra buds to form a mature gametophyte. d. The zygote is housed in the venter

C

Which of the following traits of land plants allows them to grow in height? a. alternation of generations b. waxy cuticle c. xylem d. sporopollenin

C

Why do mosses grow well in the Arctic tundra? a. They grow better at cold temperatures. b. They do not require moisture. c. They do not have true roots and can grow on hard surfaces. d. There are no herbivores in the tundra.

C

A plant in the understory of a forest displays a segmented stem and slender leaves arranged in a whorl. It is probably a ________. a. club moss b. whisk fern c. fern d. horsetail

D

Alternation of generations means that plants produce: a. only haploid multicellular organisms b. only diploid multicellular organisms c. only diploid multicellular organisms with single-celled haploid gametes d. both haploid and diploid multicellular organisms

D

As plants became more abundant on land, atmospheric CO2 levels dropped. What explains this phenomenon? a. Photosynthesis fixed atmospheric carbon into carbohydrates and other compounds .b. Some of the CO2 was trapped in non-decaying plant material. c. Aerobic respiration levels dropped worldwide. d. A and B

D

How do mosses contribute to formation of soil? a. Mosses fix nitrogen from the air .b. Mosses harbor cyanobacteria that fix nitrogen. c. Mosses die and return nitrogen to the soil. d. Mosses produce acids to decompose rocks

D

In the life cycle of moss, sperm swim down the __________ to fertilize the egg. a. Sporangium b. Peristome c. Seta d. Archegonium

D

Lygodium is a fern native to Asia. It is considered an invasive pest here, but not there. What is the difference between the two habitats? a. It forms mycorrhizal associations here with fungi not found in Asia. b. Lygodium is less tolerant of the higher temperatures in its native habitat. c. The soil is of much higher quality here. d. Its natural enemies in Asia are not present in America

D

Paleobotanists distinguish between _________ species, which no longer live, and ______ species, which are still living a. parent; daughter b. daughter; mother c. extant; extinct d. extinct; extant

D

Plants have many adaptations for life on land. However, some plants are aquatic. Are these plantsless advanced than most? a. Yes, because they lack xylem and stomata. b. No, because they can live out of the water if necessary. c. No, because part of their life cycle takes place on dry land. d. No, because they are descended from terrestrial ancestors

D

The dominant organism in fern is the ________. a. sperm b. spore c. gamete d. sporophyte

D

The three groups of bryophytes include ____________________. a. club mosses whisk ferns and ferns. b. hornworts, liverworts, and club mosses c. liverworts, clubmosses, and mosses d. liverworts (Hepatophyta), hornworts (Anthocerephyta), and mosses (Bryophyta)

D

What are considered the first land plants with vascular tissues? a. Mosses b. Liverworts c. Hornworts d. Ferns

D

What does a paleobotanist study? a. human uses of plants b. vascular plants c. seedless plants d. fossil plants

D

What is the phylum to which liverworts belong? a. Lycophyta b. Anthocerophyta c. Bryophyta d. Hepatophyta

D

What is wrong with the following sentence?: "Land plants evolved from modern charophycean green algae." a. The charophyceans are extinct. b. Land plants evolved from filamentous green algae. c. Both groups evolved from a different common ancestor. d. Modern charophyceans didn't exist at the time land plants arose

D

Which of the following features does not support the inclusion of Charophytes in the Plantae kingdom? a. Charophyte chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and b. b. Charophyte plant cell walls contain plasmodesmata to allow transfer between cells within multicellular organisms. c. Charophytes do not exhibit growth throughout the entire plant body. d. Charophytes are multicellular organisms that lack vascular tissue

D

Which of the following statements about the fern life cycle is false? a. Sporangia produce haploid spores. b. The sporophyte grows from a gametophyte. c. The sporophyte is diploid, and the gametophyte is haploid. d. Sporangia form on the underside of the gametophyte

D

Which of the following structures is not found in bryophytes? a. a cellulose cell wall. b. chloroplast c. sporangium d. root

D

Which one is not the main features of the fern? a. First land plants that produce seeds, significant adaptation for land plants. b. Vascular tissues have tracheids and no vessels, more efficient and effective than in ferns c. Reproductive organs are cones or strobili. Seeds are naked (no fruits). d. Alternation of generation: gametophyte is much elaborate and long lived

D

While reviewing notes for a test your classmate says, "Sphagnum is ecologically important because: A. it takes up large amounts of carbon dioxide; B. it harbors methanotrophic bacteria; C. because it helps condition soil." Which of your classmate's statements is incorrect? a. statement A b. statement B c. statement C d. none of the above

D

Why are mosses so much more abundant than liverworts or hornworts? a. They produce gemmae and can reproduce asexually. b. They have an efficient means of transporting oxygen at high elevations. c. Their vascular system allows them to efficiently transport water. d. They can withstand extreme desiccation

D