Brain and Cranial Nerves (1) (exam 2)

mesencephalon (midbrain)

-processing of visual and auditory data -generation of reflexive somatic motor responses -maintenance of consciousness

medulla oblongata

-relays sensory information to thalamus and to other portions of the brain stem -autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities)

cerebellum

2nd largest structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills; repetitive body mvmts

frontal lobe

A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement

gyrus

A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.

vermis

Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.

where are cranial and spinal nerves found?

PNS

cerebral cortex

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.

example of association fibers

arcuate fibers and longitudinal fasciculi

premotor cortex

area of the frontal cortex, active during the planning of a movement

granular layer of cerebellum cortex

axons of prukinje cells + tightly packed neurons

anterior commissure

bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

corpus callosum

bundle of axons that cross btw the 2 hemisphere and make the connection btw the 2

what happens if the corpus callosum is cut?

can prevent seizures

purkinje layer of cerebellum cortex

cell bodies of prukinje cells

hypothalamus

centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production; autonomic motor neurons; homeostasis

Six major regions of the brain

cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

what is CSF produced by

choroid plexus; capillary ependymal cells surrounded by astrocytes

cortex

collection of neuronal cell bodies in the surface of the CNS

superior cerebellar peduncle

communicates with mesencephalon, diencephalon, + cerebrum

middle cerebellar peduncle

communicates with pons

association fibers

connect areas of the cerebrum cortex within the same hemisphere

inferior cerebellar peduncle

connects the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata

primary somatosensory cortex

consciously feel sensation of skin, muscles, and jointa

epithalamus

contains pineal gland which secretes melatonin

fissure

deep groove

molecular layer of cerebellum cortex

dendrites of purkinje cells

sulci

divide brain into lobes

pituitary gland

endocrine gland at the base of the brain; access to blood stream

folia

folds of the cerebellum

blood brain barrier

formed by astrocytes surrounding endothelial cells that are attached to one another via tight junction

cerebellar cortex

gray matter on surface

nuclei

group of neuronal cell bodies within CNS

insula

gustatory cortex (taste)

auditory cortex

hearing

temporal lobe

hearing and smell

gryi

increase surface area

prefrontal cortex

judgement, planning, processing new memories

visual association area

matching face w/ person

3 main areas of the brain stem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what is white matter composed of?

myelinated axons

what is gray mater composed of?

neuronal cell bodies

purkinje cells

neuronal cell bodies responsible for coordinated movements

Mesencephalon

processes sight and auditory data

parietal lobe

receives sensory input for touch and body position

thalamus

relay and processing centers for sensory information

pons

relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus, subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers

transverse cerebral fissure

separates cerebrum and cerebellum

longitudinal fissure

separates left and right hemispheres

primary fissure

separates the anterior and posterior lobes

sulcus

shallow groove

olfactory cortex

smell

what is the largest nuclei in the brain

thalamus

Diencephalon

thalamus and hypothalamus

parts of diencephalon

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

primary motor cortex

the section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement

interthalamic adhesion

two halves of the the thalamus make contact through the third ventricle.

somatosensory association cortex

understanding texture, size + shape of objects

occipital lobe

vision; perception of visual stimuli

medulla oblongata function

vital functioning (breathing, digestion)

arbor vitae

white matter of the cerebellum