Brain and Cranial Nerves (1) (exam 2)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
-processing of visual and auditory data -generation of reflexive somatic motor responses -maintenance of consciousness
medulla oblongata
-relays sensory information to thalamus and to other portions of the brain stem -autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities)
cerebellum
2nd largest structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills; repetitive body mvmts
frontal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement
gyrus
A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.
vermis
Connects the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
Cerebrum
Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
where are cranial and spinal nerves found?
PNS
cerebral cortex
The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.
example of association fibers
arcuate fibers and longitudinal fasciculi
premotor cortex
area of the frontal cortex, active during the planning of a movement
granular layer of cerebellum cortex
axons of prukinje cells + tightly packed neurons
anterior commissure
bundle of axons that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
bundle of axons that cross btw the 2 hemisphere and make the connection btw the 2
what happens if the corpus callosum is cut?
can prevent seizures
purkinje layer of cerebellum cortex
cell bodies of prukinje cells
hypothalamus
centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production; autonomic motor neurons; homeostasis
Six major regions of the brain
cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum
what is CSF produced by
choroid plexus; capillary ependymal cells surrounded by astrocytes
cortex
collection of neuronal cell bodies in the surface of the CNS
superior cerebellar peduncle
communicates with mesencephalon, diencephalon, + cerebrum
middle cerebellar peduncle
communicates with pons
association fibers
connect areas of the cerebrum cortex within the same hemisphere
inferior cerebellar peduncle
connects the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata
primary somatosensory cortex
consciously feel sensation of skin, muscles, and jointa
epithalamus
contains pineal gland which secretes melatonin
fissure
deep groove
molecular layer of cerebellum cortex
dendrites of purkinje cells
sulci
divide brain into lobes
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain; access to blood stream
folia
folds of the cerebellum
blood brain barrier
formed by astrocytes surrounding endothelial cells that are attached to one another via tight junction
cerebellar cortex
gray matter on surface
nuclei
group of neuronal cell bodies within CNS
insula
gustatory cortex (taste)
auditory cortex
hearing
temporal lobe
hearing and smell
gryi
increase surface area
prefrontal cortex
judgement, planning, processing new memories
visual association area
matching face w/ person
3 main areas of the brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
what is white matter composed of?
myelinated axons
what is gray mater composed of?
neuronal cell bodies
purkinje cells
neuronal cell bodies responsible for coordinated movements
Mesencephalon
processes sight and auditory data
parietal lobe
receives sensory input for touch and body position
thalamus
relay and processing centers for sensory information
pons
relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus, subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers
transverse cerebral fissure
separates cerebrum and cerebellum
longitudinal fissure
separates left and right hemispheres
primary fissure
separates the anterior and posterior lobes
sulcus
shallow groove
olfactory cortex
smell
what is the largest nuclei in the brain
thalamus
Diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
parts of diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
primary motor cortex
the section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement
interthalamic adhesion
two halves of the the thalamus make contact through the third ventricle.
somatosensory association cortex
understanding texture, size + shape of objects
occipital lobe
vision; perception of visual stimuli
medulla oblongata function
vital functioning (breathing, digestion)
arbor vitae
white matter of the cerebellum
