Brain Unit 2 Psych Quiz

Gilial cells

"Glue"

Resting potential

-70 milibels (mu)

Acetylcholine

Ach

If you don't have enough Ach, what happens?

Alzheimer's

When is Huntington's onset?

Around 30-35

What does the temporal lobe include?

Auditory cortex Wernickes Area

Tabula Rasa

Blank slate

When do you get Tay-Sach's?

Born with it

Who does Klinefelter's affect?

Boy

Neurotransmiter

Brain chemical

What can you see in an EEG?

Brain waves

Axon

Branch-like structure that SENDS the electric message

Dendrites

Branches that RECEIVE the chemical message

PKU

Can't process amino acids

Wernickes aphasia

Can't understand language

Neural (brain) plasticity

Change in wiring and function following brain damages

Neurotransmitters

Chemical stored in terminal button that enables neurons to communicate

Synapse

Connection between the terminal button and the dendrite

Parts of brain that are different between men and women

Corpus collosum Hypothalmus Alfactory bulb Auditory cortex

Neurogenesis

Creation of new brain cells

What is the right hemisphere responsible for?

Creativity, artistic and athletic ability, facial recognition

Who ran the twin studies?

D. Bouchard

What is Huntington's Disease?

Degenerative brain disorder

Tay-Sach's

Degenerative brain disorder Day of birth is the best condition that the brain will ever be in

Threshold

Dendrite has received enough neurotransmitters (full)

What happens if you don't have enough serotonin?

Depression

What is Trisome 21 also known as?

Down's Syndrome

Stimulation

Electric

Action potential

Electric firing of a neuron

Saltatory conduction

Electric message jumps from gap to gap

Neural transmission

Electrochemical process where the terminal buttons are stimulated by receiving enough positive ions and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap.

What are the people who believe in "nurture" called?

Empiricists

Terminal knob/button

End of axon

Rubber band theory

Environment can help stretch you out to reach your potential, but you can't go beyond what you already have (Think athletic ability-you can get better but can't exceed natural limits)

What causes Klinefelter's?

Extra chromosome

What causes Turner's?

Extra chromosome

Corpus collosum

Fibers that connect left and right hemispheres

What is norepinephrine responsible for?

Fight/Flight

Neglect syndrome

Forget one side of the body

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

GABA "Give me A Break Already"

Nodes of Ranvier

Gaps in the myelin

Basics of nature

Genetics/hereditary Biological/evolutionary

Who does Turner's affect?

Girls

What can you see in a PET scan?

Glucose burned Radioactive tracer

Father of Eugenics

Goddard

Temporal lobe

Hearing, memory (primary place for storage), time, deja vu

What do gilial cells do?

Hold neurons in place and keeps the myelin attached to the axon

Synaptic vessicle

House for each individual neurotransmitter

Limbit system

Hypothalmus Hippocampus Amysdala

Effective psychological environment

If the twins are identical, they get treated similarly even though they're in different environments

Refractory period

Inaction

Lesion

Intentional destruction of brain tissue

Endorphins

Internal morphine

Wernickes area

Interpret speech

All or nothing principle

It either fires or it doesn't

If the heritability level of a trait is 1, what does that mean?

It's 100% genetic

What is Parkinson's treated with?

L-Dopa

What does the cerebral cortex house?

Language Thinking - planning for the future Creativity

What is the left hemisphere responsible for?

Language & logic

Hemisphere laterilization

Left brain controls right side of the body Right brain controls left side of the body

Where is the Wernickes area?

Left side

Where is the brocas area?

Left side

Examples of lesion

Lobotomy Palladotomy

Common trait of someone with Down's

Lower intellect

What is common in a victim of Turner's?

Lower intelligence and congenital heart failures

Types of imagin

MRI CAT PET fMRI EEG

What is glutamate responsible for?

Major excitatory neurotransmitters

What is GABA responsible for?

Major inhibitory neurotransmitters

Twin studies

Monozygotic twins that were separated at birth

What is serotonin responsible for?

Mood control

What is Ach responsible for?

Muscle contraction Memory

What are the people who believe in "nature" called?

Nativists

Excitatory

Neurons that START the message

Inhibitory

Neurons that STOP the message

What does the terminal button contain?

Neurotransmitters

Reproduction with Klinefelter's

Not possible

Reproduction with Turner's

Not possible

What are the most important forms of imaging for us?

PET EEG

What are endorphins responsible for?

Pain control

Phantom pain

Pain in the brain

Parietal lobe

Pain, pleasure, pressure (hot/cold)

If you don't have enough Dopamine, what happens?

Parkinson's

Accidents

Phineas Gage Frontal lobe: personality

Somasensory cortex

Physical sensation

What does the frontal lobe include?

Pre-frontal cortex Motor cortex Brocas area

Neural pruning

Process of when people age - it kills the neuron Hard-wired

Auditory cortex

Process sound

Reproduction with Down's

Rare

Basics of nurture

Result of environment and reinforcement Behavioral/socio-cultural

If you have too much Dopamine, what happens?

Schizophrenia

Eugenics

Selective breeding for intelligence

Physical description of a girl with Turner's

Short, wide body

Lifespan of someone with Down's

Shorter

What happens if PKU isn't found early on?

Significant brain damage

Split brain

Slicing the corpus collosum so that the 2 brains work independently.

How do you increase endorphins?

Smile Exercise Cocoa Infatuation

Elements associated with action potential

Sodium and potassium

Cell body

Soma

What does the parietal lobe include?

Somasensory cortex

Brocas area

Speech

What do nodes of ranvier do?

Speed up transmission

What does the myelin sheath do?

Speeds up transmission and protects the axon

Who made split brain popular?

Sperry

4 methods to study the brain

Stimulation Accidents Imaging Lesion (SAIL)

Neuro-anatomy

Study of parts and functions of neurons

What makes natural serotonin?

Sunlight

Physical description of someone with Klinefelter's

Tall, long legs, long fingers, long arms, less body hair

Genetic abnormalities

Tay-Sach's Phenyl Ketanuria (PKU) Huntington's Disease

Heritability

The extent to which a trait is genetic

Reuptake

The re-absorption of neurotransmitters Go back to the terminal button

Pre-frontal cortex

Thinks Choices Impulse control Personality

Chromosomal abnormalities

Turner's Klinefelter's Trisome 21

Life span of someone with Tay-Sach's

Usually 3 years

Occipital lobe

Visual cortex

Motor cortex

Voluntary movement

What is dopamine responsible for?

Voluntary muscle contraction "Reward center"

Brocas aphasia

Want to speak, but can't

Myelin sheath

White fatty tissue

When is PKU found to avoid brain damage?

Within the first 3 months

How much of twin's lives are nurture?

0.16

How many brain cells does the brain come into the world with?

10 billion

How many brain cells die each day naturally?

100,000

Until what age are synapses created?

12

The cerebral cortex is divided into ...

4 lobes & 2 hemispheres

Lifespan of someone with Turner's

45-55