Brain Unit 2 Psych Quiz
Gilial cells
"Glue"
Resting potential
-70 milibels (mu)
Acetylcholine
Ach
If you don't have enough Ach, what happens?
Alzheimer's
When is Huntington's onset?
Around 30-35
What does the temporal lobe include?
Auditory cortex Wernickes Area
Tabula Rasa
Blank slate
When do you get Tay-Sach's?
Born with it
Who does Klinefelter's affect?
Boy
Neurotransmiter
Brain chemical
What can you see in an EEG?
Brain waves
Axon
Branch-like structure that SENDS the electric message
Dendrites
Branches that RECEIVE the chemical message
PKU
Can't process amino acids
Wernickes aphasia
Can't understand language
Neural (brain) plasticity
Change in wiring and function following brain damages
Neurotransmitters
Chemical stored in terminal button that enables neurons to communicate
Synapse
Connection between the terminal button and the dendrite
Parts of brain that are different between men and women
Corpus collosum Hypothalmus Alfactory bulb Auditory cortex
Neurogenesis
Creation of new brain cells
What is the right hemisphere responsible for?
Creativity, artistic and athletic ability, facial recognition
Who ran the twin studies?
D. Bouchard
What is Huntington's Disease?
Degenerative brain disorder
Tay-Sach's
Degenerative brain disorder Day of birth is the best condition that the brain will ever be in
Threshold
Dendrite has received enough neurotransmitters (full)
What happens if you don't have enough serotonin?
Depression
What is Trisome 21 also known as?
Down's Syndrome
Stimulation
Electric
Action potential
Electric firing of a neuron
Saltatory conduction
Electric message jumps from gap to gap
Neural transmission
Electrochemical process where the terminal buttons are stimulated by receiving enough positive ions and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap.
What are the people who believe in "nurture" called?
Empiricists
Terminal knob/button
End of axon
Rubber band theory
Environment can help stretch you out to reach your potential, but you can't go beyond what you already have (Think athletic ability-you can get better but can't exceed natural limits)
What causes Klinefelter's?
Extra chromosome
What causes Turner's?
Extra chromosome
Corpus collosum
Fibers that connect left and right hemispheres
What is norepinephrine responsible for?
Fight/Flight
Neglect syndrome
Forget one side of the body
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
GABA "Give me A Break Already"
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps in the myelin
Basics of nature
Genetics/hereditary Biological/evolutionary
Who does Turner's affect?
Girls
What can you see in a PET scan?
Glucose burned Radioactive tracer
Father of Eugenics
Goddard
Temporal lobe
Hearing, memory (primary place for storage), time, deja vu
What do gilial cells do?
Hold neurons in place and keeps the myelin attached to the axon
Synaptic vessicle
House for each individual neurotransmitter
Limbit system
Hypothalmus Hippocampus Amysdala
Effective psychological environment
If the twins are identical, they get treated similarly even though they're in different environments
Refractory period
Inaction
Lesion
Intentional destruction of brain tissue
Endorphins
Internal morphine
Wernickes area
Interpret speech
All or nothing principle
It either fires or it doesn't
If the heritability level of a trait is 1, what does that mean?
It's 100% genetic
What is Parkinson's treated with?
L-Dopa
What does the cerebral cortex house?
Language Thinking - planning for the future Creativity
What is the left hemisphere responsible for?
Language & logic
Hemisphere laterilization
Left brain controls right side of the body Right brain controls left side of the body
Where is the Wernickes area?
Left side
Where is the brocas area?
Left side
Examples of lesion
Lobotomy Palladotomy
Common trait of someone with Down's
Lower intellect
What is common in a victim of Turner's?
Lower intelligence and congenital heart failures
Types of imagin
MRI CAT PET fMRI EEG
What is glutamate responsible for?
Major excitatory neurotransmitters
What is GABA responsible for?
Major inhibitory neurotransmitters
Twin studies
Monozygotic twins that were separated at birth
What is serotonin responsible for?
Mood control
What is Ach responsible for?
Muscle contraction Memory
What are the people who believe in "nature" called?
Nativists
Excitatory
Neurons that START the message
Inhibitory
Neurons that STOP the message
What does the terminal button contain?
Neurotransmitters
Reproduction with Klinefelter's
Not possible
Reproduction with Turner's
Not possible
What are the most important forms of imaging for us?
PET EEG
What are endorphins responsible for?
Pain control
Phantom pain
Pain in the brain
Parietal lobe
Pain, pleasure, pressure (hot/cold)
If you don't have enough Dopamine, what happens?
Parkinson's
Accidents
Phineas Gage Frontal lobe: personality
Somasensory cortex
Physical sensation
What does the frontal lobe include?
Pre-frontal cortex Motor cortex Brocas area
Neural pruning
Process of when people age - it kills the neuron Hard-wired
Auditory cortex
Process sound
Reproduction with Down's
Rare
Basics of nurture
Result of environment and reinforcement Behavioral/socio-cultural
If you have too much Dopamine, what happens?
Schizophrenia
Eugenics
Selective breeding for intelligence
Physical description of a girl with Turner's
Short, wide body
Lifespan of someone with Down's
Shorter
What happens if PKU isn't found early on?
Significant brain damage
Split brain
Slicing the corpus collosum so that the 2 brains work independently.
How do you increase endorphins?
Smile Exercise Cocoa Infatuation
Elements associated with action potential
Sodium and potassium
Cell body
Soma
What does the parietal lobe include?
Somasensory cortex
Brocas area
Speech
What do nodes of ranvier do?
Speed up transmission
What does the myelin sheath do?
Speeds up transmission and protects the axon
Who made split brain popular?
Sperry
4 methods to study the brain
Stimulation Accidents Imaging Lesion (SAIL)
Neuro-anatomy
Study of parts and functions of neurons
What makes natural serotonin?
Sunlight
Physical description of someone with Klinefelter's
Tall, long legs, long fingers, long arms, less body hair
Genetic abnormalities
Tay-Sach's Phenyl Ketanuria (PKU) Huntington's Disease
Heritability
The extent to which a trait is genetic
Reuptake
The re-absorption of neurotransmitters Go back to the terminal button
Pre-frontal cortex
Thinks Choices Impulse control Personality
Chromosomal abnormalities
Turner's Klinefelter's Trisome 21
Life span of someone with Tay-Sach's
Usually 3 years
Occipital lobe
Visual cortex
Motor cortex
Voluntary movement
What is dopamine responsible for?
Voluntary muscle contraction "Reward center"
Brocas aphasia
Want to speak, but can't
Myelin sheath
White fatty tissue
When is PKU found to avoid brain damage?
Within the first 3 months
How much of twin's lives are nurture?
0.16
How many brain cells does the brain come into the world with?
10 billion
How many brain cells die each day naturally?
100,000
Until what age are synapses created?
12
The cerebral cortex is divided into ...
4 lobes & 2 hemispheres
Lifespan of someone with Turner's
45-55