Breast multiple choice
Which procedure would be most likely to result in a pseudoaneurysm or AV fistula -Fine-needle aspiration -Spring loaded automated core bx -vacuum assisted mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -Large-core bx
Large-core bx
Which is NOT considered a risk factor for breast cancer? -Family hx -Advanced age -Late menopause -Late menarche -Exogenous estrogen use
Late menarche (prolonged exposure to estrogen is a risk factor)
Rotter's nodes are included with -Level I nodes -Level II nodes -Level III nodes -Internal mammary nodes -Supraclavicular nodes
Level II nodes
On a CC mammo view a mass that is lateral to the nipple will actually _____than it appears on an MLO view: -Lie higher -Lie lower -appear larger -appear smaller -appear more superficial
Lie lower
Which mass would present as a smooth, well defined hyperechoic mass? -Fibroadenoma -Medullary cancer -Abscess -Lipoma -Hamartoma
Lipoma (Superficial palpable mass, aymptomatic, soft and easily compressible)
Which tumors would NOT be considered specific to the breast? -Phyllodes -Lipoma -Medullary carcinoma -Papilloma -Invasive ductal carcinoma
Lipoma -an overgrowth of fatty tissue surrounded by a thin capsule. Often referred to as benign fatty tumors, Found all over the body and are usually ovoid and smooth. Hyper or iso echoic to the fatty tissues of the breast.
Which is NOT considered a true cancer? -Medullary -Paillary -Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) -Comedo type -Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
All are primary diagnostic features EXCEPT: -Shape -Lymph node enlargement -Margin clarity and regularity -Attenuation effects -Border thickness
Lymph node enlargement
All of the causes of skin thickening are benign EXCEPT: - Heart failure - Nephrotic syndrome - Mastitis - Lymphatic obstruction - Irraditation
Lymphatic obstruction
Breast implant ruptures are best evaluated with: -Mammo -Sono -MRI -Nuc med -Sentinel Node procedure
MRI
Gadolinium is used as a contrast agent for breast imaging with: -Mammo -Sono -CT -MRI -Nuclear medicine
MRI
When sono is inconclusive which procedure can help differentiate benign from malignant masses: -Ductography -Galactography -Nuc med -MRI -Sentinel node procedure
MRI
Which imaging modality utilizes non-ionizing technology? -Mammo -PET -MRI -CT -PET/CT
MRI
Erythema of the areaola and nipple, itchy nipple d/c with crusting and slight ulceration are clinical signs associated with : -Mondor's disease -Diabetic mastopathy -Paget's disease -Cystosarcoma phyllodes -Lymphoma
Paget's disease
Which tumor would most likely be found in a postmenopausal pt? -Medullary carcinoma -Papillary carcinoma -Phyllodes tumor -A & B -B & C
Papillary carcinoma
Which benign mass can cause a patient to present with a bloody nipple discharge -Cyst -Lipoma -Fibroma -Hamartoma -Papilloma
Papilloma
The breast lies directly on the: -Lung -Ribs -Pectoral muscle -Cooper's ligament -Tail of spence
Pectoral muscle
During an US guided breast bx, the needle is best imaged when it is _____to the sound beam -45 degrees -60 degrees -90 degrees -Perpendicular -Parallel
Perpendicular
Which statement would NOT apply to microcalcifications? -They cast acoustic shadows -They suggest malignancy -They measure <5mm in size -They are not well defined sonographically -They are best seen on mammo
They cast acoustic shadows
Which characteristic is considered a variation of septation? -Duct extension -Microlobulation -Disruption of tissue planes -Angular margins -Thick echogenic halo
Thick echogenic halo
On mammo fat shows a medium gray and is referred to as radiolucent. Which is also considered radiolucent? -Fibroglandular tissue -Solid mass -Pectoral m. -serous cyst -galactocele
galactocele
A small rudimentary breast in an adult is called: -Hypoplasia -Athelia -Amastia -agenisis -aplasia
hypoplasia
What do the pancreas, adrenals, and thyroid make that aids in breast development in pregnancy? Pancreas: Adrenals: Thyroid:
insulin cortisol thyroxine
Carcinoembyronic Antigen is secreted by what organ? levels can be monitored to do what?
liver evaluate a former breast cancer patient for tumor recurrence
The functional portion of the breast is found within the -epidermis -deep fascia -lobe -fat -nipple
lobe
What is a pneumocystogram?
mammogram taken after doctor injects air into a cyst cavity after aspiration
Which bx technique uses a rotating cutting device and vacuum assistance? -Fine-needle aspiration -Spring loaded automated core bx - mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -Excisional bx
mammotomy
A swollen, tender, feverish breast in a young lactating female would most likely be: -Hematoma -Phyllodes tumor -Fat necrosis -Cancer -mastitis
mastitis
The acronym MULD stands for -Malignant, undecided, left, dominant -Mammo, upper, lateral, dimension -medial, up, lateral, down
medial, up, lateral, down
Which procedure carries the best chance for tumor localization? --Fine-needle aspiration bx (FNAB) -Spring loaded automated core bx -vacuum assisted mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -Large core bx
Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI)
In a 6 week postpartum pt, an elongated anechoic area is seen with its long axis parallel to the chest wall. What could it be? -Engorged vessels -Cystic dysplasia -Lactiferous ducts -Arterial ectasia -Interlobular fat
Lactiferous ducts
All are features of a complex cyst EXCEPT: -Fluid debris level -Intramural nodule -Wall thickening -Oval shape -Septations
Oval shape
Which would NOT be true for a fibroadenoma? -Higher incidence among black females -Benign -common -easily compressible -stimulated by hormones
easily compressible
BI-RADS classification for Mammo, US and MRI was developed by -AIUM -ACR -SDMS -AMA -None of the above
ACR american college of radiology
Which clinical presentations would be best evaluated with ductography: -Dense breasts -Abnormal nipple d/c -Breast asymmetry -A & B -A & C
Abnormal nipple d/c -AKA Galactography
The smallest functional unit of the glandular breast tissue is the : -Lobule -Ductule -Intralobular terminal duct -Extralobular terminal duct -Acini
Acini
The sonographic appearance of breast tissue in a lactating pt is best characterized as: -Ground glass -bag of worms -Cup of milk -Moth-eaten -Swiss cheese
Ground glass
The number of lobes within each female breast usually range between: -1-5 -5-10 -10-15 -15-20 -30-40
15-20
The normal skin line should not measure more than: -.5 mm -1.0 mm -1.5 mm -2 mm -3 mm
2 mm
In the lactating patient, milk production usually begins -1 week before delivery -24-48 hours before delivery -upon delivery -2-3 days after delivery -1 week after delivery
2-3 days after delivery
A skin line would be considered abnormally thick if it measured: -.5mm -1.0 mm -1.5 mm -2 mm -3 mm
3 mm
According to the American Cancer society, 1 out of every _____ women will develop breast cancer:
8
A macrocalcification measures: < 0.1 mm < 0.5 mm < 1 mm > 0.1 mm > 0.5 mm
> 0.5 mm
An uncollapsed silicone rupture where silicone gets trapped within a peripheral fold is called: -Teardrop sign -Noose sign -Linguini sign -Stepladder sign -A & B
A & B
MRI features that would be worrisome for nodal metastases would be: -Nodal enlargement -Enhancement on study with contrast -No enhancement on study with contrast -A & B -A & C
A & B
Which does NOT suggest malignancy? -A mass has 2-3 macrolobulations -A mass is non parallel to the chest wall -A mass is markedly hypoechoic -A mass has irregular, ill defined margins -A mass is incompressible
A mass has 2-3 macrolobulations
The dynamic range of a display is the A -# of gray shades B -Depth of a focal zone C -Intensity of the sound utilized D -Image scale E -Output power
A. # of gray shades
The breast normally lies just superior to the level of the _____ rib. A. 7th B. 5th C. 8th D. 4th
A. 7th breast lies superior to the 7th rib and inferior to the 1st or 2nd rib.
When viewing a mammo, one always sees the marker in the region toward the A. Axilla B. Nipple C. Medial breast D. Top of the film E. Bottom of the film
A. Axilla
A transducer that can operate at multiple frequencies is said to have A. Broad Bandwidth B: Variable focus C: Harmonics D: Multiple transmit zones E. Dynamic range
A. Broad bandwidth
Selecting multiple focal zones will A. Decrease frame rate B. Increase frame rate C. Decrease frequency D. Increase frequency E. Increase penetration
A. Decrease frame rate
When using the 123-ABC method of annotation, the numbers denote the A. Distance from nipple B. Depth of a mass C. Number of masses D. stage of cancer
A. Distance from the nipple
Which of the following allows for better demonstration of small, tortous vessels: A. Power doppler B: Spectral doppler C: Color doppler D: CW doppler E: Pulsed doppler
A. Power doppler
Of the following which would NOT be a good indication for performing BUS A: Eval a mass for microcalcifications B: Eval a palpable mass C Eval a questionable area on mammo D: Localize for cyst aspiration E Eval a male for gynecomastia
A: Eval a mass for microcalcifications (too small to resolved as calcifications on US)
Lateral resolution is best at the: A: Focal zone B: Fraunhofer zone C: Fresnel zone D: Transmit zone E: Near zone
A: Focal zone
The lactiferous ducts are best seen when scanning A: Radial B: Arad C: Sagittal D: Transverse E: Coronal
A: Radial Lactiferous ducts converge towards the nipple so imaging in the radial plane allows visualization of the ducts in the long axis
Which technique would eliminate useful artifacts such as posterior enhancement and shadowing: A: Spatial compound imaging B: Harmonics C: Extended field of view D: Dynamic range E: Beam focusing
A: Spatial compound imaging
Which is FALSE considering Doppler artifacts: A: The gain and filter settings are too low, it can cause noise B: Filter setting is too high, it will inhibit the ability to detect low velocity flow C: A PRF/velocity scale too low will cause aliasing D: Doppler angle is perpendicular to flow, no flow will be detected E: Spectral mirroring causes a duplication of the waveform on the opposite side of the baseline
A: The gain and filter settings are too low, it can cause noise
Which procedure requires mammo sterotactic guidance --Fine-needle aspiration bx (FNAB) -Spring loaded automated core bx -vacuum assisted mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -None of the above
Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI)
Fibroadenomas are more common among: -African americans -Caucasians -Hispanics -Asians -Ethnicity is irrelevant
African americans
Which is FALSE: -Some cancers can show posterior enhancement -Microcalcifications can be seen in benign and malignant masses -All cancers show some degree of shadowing -Abscesses adn hematomas can disrupt tissue planes -Cancers usually show more internal blood flow
All cancers show some degree of shadowing
A lymph node has characteristics associated with mets if it is -Round or lobular -Enlarged -Displaced or absent hilar fat -Heterogenous -All of the above
All of the above
Of these findings during aspiration, which might indicate additional bx or excision? -Bloody tap on aspiration -Septations that inhibit full aspiration -Recurrent cyst formation in short period of time -Thick, impenetrable wall -All of the above
All of the above
Which is considered complications of breast augmentation? -Glandular ptosis -Autoimmune disorders -Infection -retraction -All of the above
All of the above
Which is true of Breast MRI? -Benign masses can show contrast enhancement and mimic cancer -It is effective in only 50% of pts with DCIS -It can miss microcalcifications -None of the above -All of the above
All of the above
Which is/are true of papillary carcinomas? -Reactive fibrosis is not common -Shadowing is not usually seen -They are usually complex in appearance -A & B -All of the above
All of the above
Which structure is included in the TDLU -Acini -Epithelial cells -One terminal duct -One lobule -All of the above
All of the above
The abscense of glandular tissue in the presence of a nipple and areola is called: A. Hypoplasia B. Athelia C. Amastia D. Agenesis E. Amazia
Amazia
The darker skin that surround the nipple is called the -Areola -Mammary zone -Superficial zone -Axilla -Cooper's zone
Areola
Which statement regarding invasive breast procedures is false? -Interventional procedures can be diagnostic and therapuetic -Aspirin may be given post procedure for pain and inflammation -US is often the modality of choice for guidance of invasive procedures -The most common complication is the development of a hematoma -US guidance is more comfortable for the pt and faster than sterotactic xray guidance
Aspirin may be given post procedure for pain and inflammation
When there is glandular breast tissue but no nipple or areola it is called: -Hypoplasia -Athelia -Amastia -Agenisis -Aplasia
Athelia
The mammary ridges extend from the ______ to _____. -Axilla-inguinal region -Axilla- umbilical region -Clavicle-pericostal region -Clavicle-symphsis pubis -Sternum-umbilicus
Axilla-inguinal region
Which of the following lymph nodes drain 75% fat lymph from the breast? -Rotter's -Axillary -Parasternal -Supraclavicular -Intramammary
Axillary They are typically larger than others
The artery that supplies the outer half of the breast is the -Axillary a. -Intercostal a. -Internal thoracic a. -internal mammary a. -Carotid a.
Axillary a
Ballottement can be useful for evaluating: A. the nipple for metastasis B. the mobility of echoes in ducts or cysts C. the sentinel node D. the presence of thrombus in a vein
B Ballottement - alternating compression and release that can be helpful in demonstrating the mobility of echoes in ducts or cysts
Flow in the ___ lymphatic system moves toward the ___. A. medial, lateral breast B. superficial, areola C. lateral, medial breast D. deep, axilla
B Lymph flow in the breast is primarily from the deep system to the superficial system. The majority of lymph fluid from superficial skin layer flows towards the areola to enter the subareolar plexus. The lymph flow in the deep system also moves superficially to the subareolar plexus. The majority of the lymph collected at the subareolar plexus travels toward the axilla.
What is the name of the segment of the lactiferous ductal system that expels the milk out of the body? A. Montgomery Duct B. Excretory Duct C. Duct of Spence D. Ampulla
B The excretory duct expels the milk out of the body during lactation.
The MRI term for the appearance of an intracapsular silicone rupture is -Stepladder sign -Linguini sign -Teardrop sign -Wavy line sign -B & D
B & D Linguini sign and Wavy line sign
A standoff pad thicker than 1 cm is NOT recommended bc it will: A -Make the skin line look thicker than normal B -affect the optimal placement of the fixed elevation plane focus C -compress the mammary layer and make it look fibrotic
B. Affect the optimal placement of the fixed elevation plane focus
Which of the following affects the actual intensity of the sound utilized for imaging? A -TGC B -Output power C -Overall Gain D -Dynamic range E -Harmonics
B. Output Power
Which of the following correctly lists the tissues of the breast according to Sonographic appearance from hyperechoic to hypoechoic? A. Glandular tissue, Coopers ligaments, Skin, Fat, Muscle, Blood, Cystic fluid B. Skin, Coopers ligaments, Glandular tissue, Fat, Muscle, Blood, Cystic fluid C. Coopers ligaments, Glandular tissue, Fat, Skin, Muscle, Blood, Cystic fluid D. Skin, Coopers ligaments, Muscle, Glandular tissue, Fat, Blood, Cystic fluid
B. Skin, Coopers ligaments, Glandular tissue, Fat, Muscle, Blood, Cystic fluid
An increase in the intensity of echoes beneath a structure is called: A: Shadowing B: Enhancement C: Reverberation D:Refraction E: Reflection
B: Enhancement
When setting the TGC, which tissue should demonstrate a medium level of gray? A: Skin B: Fat C: Parenchyma D: Ducts and vessels E: Muscle
B: Fat All breast tissues are compared to fat
The Claus model of breast cancer risk assessment is preferred over the BRCAPRO model of breast cancer risk assessment because the ___ model only evaluates the patient's risk of invasive breast cancer while the ___ method predicts the risk of both invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS).
BRCAPRO Claus
Bi-RADS cat 2 indicates: -Inconclusive -Negative -Benign -Probably benign -Suspicious abnormality
Benign
Which is TRUE? -Benign lesions usually show less internal blood flow than cancers -Malignant masses are usually wider than tall -Benign masses usually grow across tissue planes -Malignant masses are usually markedly hyperechoic -Benign masses usually demonstrate acoustic shadowing
Benign lesions usually show less internal blood flow than cancers
Which site is the most common for breast cancer to spread via the bloodstream? -Kiver -Lung -Brain -Bone -Kidney
Bone
When primary CA metastasizes is usually spreads in the following order: -Bone-Lung-Brain-Liver -Brain-Bone-Liver-Lung -Liver-Lung-Bone-Brain -Lung-Liver-Brain-Bone -Liver-Bone-Lung-Brain
Bone-Lung-Brain-Liver
A tumor that has grown into several small peripheral ducts is referred to as: -Microlobulation -Branch pattern -Spiculation -Angular -Wider than tall
Branch pattern
Breast atrophy occurs with all of the following conditions EXCEPT: -Breast feeding -Postmenopausal status -Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy -Fat necrosis -Low fat/High protein diet
Breast feeding
All of the following are correct regarding premature thelarche, except? A. usually occurs earlier than menarche B. usually occurs 6-8yrs of age C. early ripening of the breasts, development of pubic hair and acne D. isolated early ripening of the breast
C Premature Thelarche refers to isolated early ripening of the breasts, without menarche, which usually occurs at 6-8yrs of age. Precocious Puberty refers to breast enlargement, onset of menses, underarm/pubic hair, and acne that occurs before age 8. Causes of precocious puberty include adrenal gland tumor, primary hypothyroidism or ovarian cyst.
Which vessels is/are considered a continuation of the axillary artery? -Internal thoracic artery -Intercostal artery -Subclavian artery -brachial artery -C and D
C and D
The optimum operating freq for a broad-bandwidth transducer would be: A -6 MHz B -7 MHz C -8 MHz D -9 MHz E -10 MHz
C. 8 MHz (Best penetration of all breast tissues and the optimum elevation plane focus at 1.5cm)
Increasing the overall gain will A: Increase penetration B: Reduce penetration C: Cause artifactual echoes D: Increase gray scale E: Reduce frame rate
C. Cause artifactual echoes (increasing the gain will add echoes to the ducts and vessels)
Proliferation of subcutaneous fat and fibroglandular tissue in the male breast is called: -Chronic mammry ectasia -Gynecomastia -Acute fibrocystic dysplasia -Klinefelter syndrome -Peurperal mastitis
Gynecomastia
When using the 123-ABC method of annotation the B would represent A. Mass is close to the nipple B. Mass is medium shade of gray C. Mass is in the mammary zone d. Mass is benign E. Mass requires biopsy
C. Mass in the mammary zone A= Superficial third B= Mammary third C= deep third
High frequency transducers used in breast imaging provide excellent resolution of breast tissues but limited: A. Focusing options B. Gain adjustment C. Penetration D. Gray scale E. Scan lines
C. Penetration
The 2 handed method technique is used to image A. Both breasts at once B. A large breast C. The main breast duct and nipple D. Multiple masses within the breast E. A palpable mobile mass
C. The main breast duct and nipple (2 hands are required - One to roll the nipple over using the index finger and the other to scan along the long axis of the main duct thru the nipple.)
When viewing a mammo, a mass is marked near the CC marker in the right breast. Where is it located? A: In the LOQ B: In the medial breast C: In the lateral breast D. In the UOQ E. Near the nipple
C. in the lateral breast Marker is always placed in the axilla in the CC mammo view
Which of the breast vessels is most commonly used for coronary bypass graft surgery when the great saphenous vein is not able to be used? A. internal mammary vein B. thoracoacromial artery C. internal mammary artery D. lateral thoracic vein
C. internal mammary artery
All of the following about HIGH frequency transducers are true EXCEPT A: Axial resolution is increased B: Lateral resolution is increased C: Sound travels faster D: Sound penetration is decreased E: Best for breast imaging
C. sound travels faster Sound travels thru soft tissues at 1540 m/sec
Ideally, the elevation plane focus for breast imaging should be fixed at A: .5 cm B: 1.0 cm C: 1.5 cm D: 2.0 cm E: 2.5 cm
C: 1.5 cm
If a mass is isoechoic with surrounding tissues, what maneuver would accentuate it to show up better? A. Add doppler B: Decrease overall gain C: Apply harmonics D: Try compression E: Decrease frequency
C: Apply harmonics Harmonics can make isoechoic structures appear markedly hypoechoic
Which steps would NOT be a part of the exam prep: A: Obtain pertinent clinical info from the pt B: Explain the exam to the pt C: Present the informed consent to the pt for signatures D: Review correlative imaging E: Know the indication for the exam
C: Present the informed consent to the pt for signatures
The brightness of echoes on an US image is affected by all of the following EXCEPT A: Overall gain B: Power output C: Transducer freq D: Dynamic range E: TGC
C: Transducer freq
The orthogonal view for the longitudinal scan is A: Radial B: Arad C: Transverse D: Sagittal E: Parallel
C: Transverse Orthogonal is defined as perpendicular or lying at right angles
Hardening and distortion of an implant due to tightening and constriction of the fibrous capsule is referred to as: -Capsular gel bleed -Capsular calcification -Capsular herniation -Capsular rupture -Capsular contracture
Capsular contracture -the fibrous capsule is a thin rim of scar tissue that forms around the implant within weeks of sx.
Which of the following arteries are NOT included in supplying blood to the breast? -Axillary a. -Intercostal a. -Internal thoracic a. -internal mammary a. -Carotid a.
Carotid a.
When evaluating a suspected galactocele, which of the following techniques is the best choice to help evaluate fluid/debris levels within the cystic structure? A. take images with the patient in the supine and decubitus position B. take images with and without manual compression C. use a stand of pad D. apply color Doppler and ask patient to hum
Changing patient position can help to better demonstrate fluid debris levels. This can help to differentiate mobile debris versus mass formation.
All are benign causes of nipple discharge EXCEPT: -Green milky d/c -Clear d/c -Expressible only d/c -Multiple duct orifices -Bilateral
Clear d/c
A noninvasive type of cancer that causes ductal distention filled with a cheese like material and calcification -Comedo -Non-comedo -Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) -Phyllodes tumor -Medullary carcinoma
Comedo (Comedo carcinoma tend to be multicentric but confined to medium sized ducts. Proliferation of the malignant cells will eventually plug the duct and the center portion will necrose.)
Which form of Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is most aggressive? -Non-Comedo type -Cribiform type -Micropapillary type -Intermediate grade type -Comedo type
Comedo type
The connective tissues responsible for suspending the breast are called: -Deep fascia -Pectoral muscles -Lobules -Cooper's ligaments -Acini
Cooper's ligaments
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT: -Fat exhibits a medium shade of gray -Fibroglandular tissue is hyperechoic to fat -Muscle is hypoechoic to fat -Cooper's ligaments are isoechoic to fat -Skin is hyperechoic to fat
Cooper's ligaments are isoechoic to fat
A palpable, tender, moveable compressible breast mass associated with a menstrual cycle is likely a : -Cyst -Abscess -Fibroadenoma -Cancer -Hematoma
Cyst (Asymptomatic or tender palpable and mobile in women 30-50 yrs of age.)
Which is NOT true? -Fine-needle aspiration provides tissues for cytologic analysis -Cytologic analysis is more conclusive than histologic analysis -Histologic analysis is more conclusive than cytologic analysis -ABBI can completely excise small lesions -Mammotomy can completely excise small lesions
Cytologic analysis is more conclusive than histologic analysis
Which of the following is a sonographic characteristic of a normal lymph node? A. Lobulated cortex B. Posterior enhancement C. Minimal hilar echoes D. Vasculature present at the central hilum
D Abnormal lymph nodes will increase in size with fluid accumulation. This leads to cortical thickening and loss of hilar definition. The increased fluid within the node results in the appearance of posterior enhancement on the image.
Which of the following transducers would be the best choice for breast imaging? A. 5 MHz phased array B. 3.5-5 MHz linear array C. 8 MHz annular array D. 10 MHz linear array
D. 10 MHz linear array
Echo palpation is used to: A: Localize a mass B: determine if a mass is compressible or not C: Determine if a mass is malignant or benign D. A and B E. All of the above
D. A and B,
If a BUS image is labeled Rt. AR 2:00 1 A the area is A. In the right axillary region, UOQ just under the skin B. Radial scan of the RT breast, UOQ mid breast C. Radial scan of the RT breast, UIQ near the chest wall D. Arad scan of the right breast, UIQ near the nipple, under the skin E. Arad of the rt breast, LIQ under the skin near the areola
D. Antiradial scan of the right breast, UIQ near the nipple, under the skin
Which transducer type does NOT allow the sonographer to vary the focusing capabilities? A -Electronic linear array B -Electronic convex array C -Annular array D -mechanical sector E -Electronic sector
D. Mechanical Sector
Which artifact cause structures to look deeper than they actually are A -Side lobe B -Shadowing C -Refraction D -Propagation speed error E -Slice thickness
D. Propagation speed error -Less than avg density or stiffness (silicone implants) have less than 1540 m/sec speed and appear more deeper than they actually are. -Greater than 1540 m/sec (bone) appear more superficial than they actually are
Which of the following affects frame rate: A: # of focal zones B: Size of image C: Frequency D: A and B E: A and C
D: A and B Affected by changing the # of focal zones, depth of an image, and image size.
Which of the following is considered an appropriate annotation method for breast imaging: A: Side/quadrant B: Clock-face C: 123-ABC D: All of the above E: None of the above
D: All of the above
Adequate penetration of the breast is determined by imaging the: A: Lung B: Ribs C: Deep fascia D: Pectoral m. E: Breast parenchyma
D: Pectoral m.
Paget's disease is associated with -Phyllodes tumor -Intracystic papillary carcinoma -Metastatic breast cancer -LCIS -DCIS
DCIS -Other forms of DCIS is intracystic papillary carcinoma and Paget's disease of the nipple.
The walling off of a tumor with fibrous tissue is the body's attempt to limit invasion. This is called: -Hyperplasia -Neoplasia -Desmoplasia -Hypoplasia -Ectasia
Desmoplasia
Which is TRUE for mammo? -Detection of calcifications is best seen in dense breast tissues. -Detection of masses is best in the fatty breast -The standard screening views are the CC and True lateral views -Baseline mammos should begin at age 50 -Side markers are always placed medial to the breast
Detection of masses is best in the fatty breast
Which of the following benign masses could be mistaken for a malignant tumor? -Focal fibrosis -Hamartoma -Lipoma -Diabetic mastopathy -Fibrocystic changes
Diabetic mastopathy
Which malignant breast tumor is considered noninvasive? -Medullary -Inflammatory carcinoma -Metastatic breast cancer -Ductal carcinoma in situ -All of the above
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Decreasing depth will: A: Increase the freq of sound used B: Decrease the sound intensity C: Improve depth penetration D. Increase gray scale E. Increase frame rate
E, increase frame rate Affected by changing the # of focal zones, depth of an image, and image size.
For general breast scanning, which patient position is considered best? A. Supine oblique B. Contralateral posterior oblique C. Straight supine D. Upright E. A and B
E. A and B
Image amplitude is affected by A -Power B -Overall gain C -TGC D -A nd B E -A, B and C
E. A, B, and C
Using color/power Doppler while a patient hums to better delineate a mass is called A -Aliasing B -spectral mirroring C -ring-down D -harmonics E -fremitus
E. Fremitus
When taking patient hx for a BUS what info from a prev mammo would NOT be considered relevant? A -Symmetry of breast B -Location of a questionable mass C -Size of a questionable mass D -Date and results of a prev mammo E -Name of the radiographer
E. Name of the sonographer
Which method of patient positioning is best for evaluating the medial aspect of the breast? A. Posterior oblique B. Lateral decubitus C. Upright D. Trendelenburg E. Supine
E. Supine
In breast US which of the following is NOT significantly affected by the limited field of view when imaging superficial structures? A -Contrast resolution B -Spatial resolution C -Axial resolution D -Lateral resolution E -Temporal resolution
E. Temporal Resolution (distinguish moving structures) not an issue with breast tissue.
Of the following, which would NOT be considered a method of annotating a sonographic image? A: 123-ABC B. Radial/antiradial C. side quadrant D. Clockface E. All are acceptable
E. all are acceptable
The supine oblique position A: Evenly distributes the breast tissue B: Allows better eval of the outer breast C: Places the nipple in the center D: Minimizes breast thickness for better penetration E: All of the above
E: All of the above
Wich is TRUE for propogation speed error: A: if its slower than 1540m/sec, posterior echoes will be displayed more anterior than they actually are B: If its slower than 1540 m/sec posterior echoes will appear deeper than they actually are. C: If its faster than 154m/sec reflectors appear closer to the transducer than they actually are D: A and B E: B and C
E: B and C
Which of the following transducer features would NOT be good for BUS A: Broad bandwidth B: High frequency C: Variable focusing D: Thin slice thickness E: Curved linear array format
E: Curved linear array format
Which is NOT considered a risk factor for MALE breast cancer -Advanced age -Early andropause -Cryptorchidism family hx of breast cancer -radiation exposure
Early andropause (decrease in testosterone)
All of the following are considered songraphic features of malignancy EXCEPT: -Spiculation -Angular margins -Marked Hypoechogenicity -Enhancement -Taller than wide
Enhancement
Which of the following make up the skin of the breast: -Epidermis and dermis -Epithelium and myoepithelium -Endoderm and ectoderm -endoderm and epiderm -ectoderm and epithelium
Epidermis and dermis
The inner portion of the breast ducts is lined with -Basal cells -Epithelial cells -Squamous cells -Transitional cells -Cuboidal cells
Epithelial cells
The nipple is composed of the following tissue type: -Adipose -Endoplasmic -Areolar -Reticular -Erectile
Erectile
All are the most echogenic tissues within the breast EXCEPT: -Cooper's ligaments -Skin line -Ribs -Fat -Glandular tissue
Fat
The echogenicity of all tissues of the breast is similar to that of: -Glandular parenchyma -Fat -Muscle -Ligaments -Fascia
Fat
The glandular breast tissue contains all of the following structures EXCEPT: -Fat -acini -TDLU's -Lactiferous ducts -epithelial, myoepithelial cells
Fat
Which of the following would NOT be seen following radiation? -Skin thickening -Interstitial fluid -Fat renegeration -Scar formation -Architectural distortion
Fat renegeration
All can mimc cancer EXCEPT: -Fat necrosis -Radial Scar -Sclerosing adenosis -Diabetic mastopathy -Fibroadenoma
Fibroadenoma
All of these benign pathologies have similar features to those for malignancy EXCEPT: -Sclerosing adenitis -Fibroadenoma -Fat necrosis -Diabetic mastopathy -Radial scar
Fibroadenoma (Hard, firm, very mobile mass on palpation. Usually asymptomatic but may be tender. Influenced by estrogen. More common among black females. Regresses with menopause.)
The most common solid mass seen in women younger than 30 is the: -Medullary carcinoma -Phyllodes tumor -Fibroadenoma -Papilloma -Invasive ductal carcinoma
Fibroadenoma (Hard, firm, very mobile mass on palpation. Usually asymptomatic but may be tender. Influenced by estrogen. More common among black females. Regresses with menopause.)
What is the most common cause of a palpable breast lump in women 35-50? -Invasive ductal carcinoma -Sebaceous cyst -Intraductal papilloma -Fibroadenoma -Fibrocystic changes
Fibrocystic changes
benign breast disorders (from most common to least common) 11
Fibrocystic dysplasia, Cyst, Fibroadenoma, Galactocele, Papilloma, Mastitis, abscess, mondor's disease, hematoma, fat necrosis, seroma
Which of the following tissues has a water density on mammo? -Fat -Galactocele -Oil-filled cyst -Pectoral m. -Fibroglandular tissue
Fibroglandular tissue (Fat density is radiolucent and appears black, water density is radiopaque and appear white. Oil cysts, galactoceles and fat are radiolucent. Fibroglandular tissue has a water tissue and may appear radiopaque. Pectoral m. may appear radiopaque but not always. So fibroglandular tissue is the best answer.
Scar tissue that often develops around an implant is referred to as -Fibrous capsule -Silicone rupture -Silicone herniation -Capsular contraction -Capsular ptosis
Fibrous capsule
Implant rupture would be less likely with -Spring loaded automated core bx -vacuum assisted mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -Fine-needle aspiration -Large-core bx
Fine-needle aspiration
Undersampling of tissue is more likely with: -Fine-needle aspiration -Spring loaded automated core bx -vacuum assisted mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -Excisional bx
Fine-needle aspiration
Which method used for breast BX is the least traumatic for the patient -Fine-needle aspiration -Spring loaded automated core bx -vacuum assisted mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -Excision
Fine-needle aspiration
These clinical findings are suspicious for breast cancer EXCEPT: -Firm moveable mass -Painless mass -Skin dimpling -Nipple retraction -Bloody nipple d/c
Firm moveable mass (Although malignant breast masses are firm and hard, they are usually fixed on palpation due to the extension across tissue planes. Benign solid masses are confined within the tissue plane and moveable.
All are associated with the benign fibroadenoma EXCEPT: -Well circumscribed -Wider than tall -Fixed -Firm -Solid
Fixed
Obstruction of the lactiferous duct in a lactating woman can lead to a -Oil cyst -Galactocele -Sebaceous cyst -Hematoma -Fibroadenoma
Galactocele
Breast imaging that requires the retrograde injection of a radiopaque contrast into the lactiferous duct is called: -Mammography -Scintigraphy -PET mammo -Galactography -Breast MRI
Galactography -AKA ductography -Used to identify source of nipple D/C -Helpful when no palpable or radiographically detectable mass
Mastitis caused by trauma or infections is referred to as: -Granulomatous mastitis -Periductal mastitis -Perperal mastitis -Ectatic mastitis -Apocrine mastitis
Granulomatous mastitis
Which would NOT be considered a complication of breast trauma? -Hematoma -Scarring -Skin thickening -Hamartoma -Fat necrosis
Hamartoma Uncommon, benign intraglandular tumor made up of normal and dysplastic tissue (Fibrous, fatty and glandular components). AKA fibroadenolipomas, lipofibroadenomas, adenolipomas
Following breast bx, pts taking anticoagulants are more likely than others to develop -Infection -Hematoma -Seroma -Anaphylactic shock -Allergic reaction
Hematoma
A mass that has an uneven distribution of echoes of varying intensities is referred to as: -Cystic -Solid -Complex -Homogenous -Heterogenous
Heterogenous
The microscopic study of tissue is called -Microscopy -Pathology -Histology -Dissection -Autopsy
Histology
All are secondary diagnostic features EXCEPT: -Tumor extension -Skin changes -Homogenicity -Interruption of tissue planes -Lymph node enlargement
Homogenicity
When a malignant tumor infiltrates surrounding tissues, a thick rind of bright echoes can be seen around it. This is called: -Spiculation -Compression -Inflammation -Host response -Ductal extension
Host response
Which would be considered a benign characteristic? -Microlobulations -Thick Halo -Spiculation -Hyperechogenicity -Indistinct margins
Hyperechogenicity
If a mass has many very bright echoes it is referred to as: -Hyperechoic -Hypoechoic -Echogenic -Echopenic -Isoechoic
Hyperechoic
The artery supplies oxygenated blood to the inner/medial portion of the breast is the -Axillary artery -Intercostal artery -Internal thoracic artery -Brachial artery -Subclavian artery
Internal thoracic artery
The best anatomical landmark for localizing parasternal lymph nodes are the: -Subclavian vein and artery -Internal mammary vein and artery -Internal thoracic artery and vein -axillary artery and vein -None of the above
Internal thoracic artery and vein
Bloody nipple d/c from one breast in a young patient is most likely associated with: -Intraductal papilloma -Fibroadenoma -Cystic dysplasia -cancer -seroma
Intraductal papilloma
Which of the following groups of lymph nodes usually lie within a centimeter of the posterior mammary artery? A. Supraclavicular B. Subclavicular C. Intramammary D. Parasternal
Intramammary lymph nodes usually lie within a centimeter of the posterior mammary artery that extends from the axilla to the nipple. They are a part of the accessory drainage system of the breast.
If a tumor spreads beyond the ductal wall across and into other tissue planes it is referred to as? -Invasive -In situ -Intralobular -Multifocal -Multicentric
Invasive
The most common malignant breast tumor is -Invasive ductal carcinoma -Invasive tubular carcinoma -Medullary carcinoma -Colloid carcinoma -Papillary carcinoma
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Which is NOT true of a malignant lymph node? -It will be enlarged -It shows asymmetrical cortical thickening -The contour is irregular -It has a single hilar feeding vessel -The hilar fat is displaced or absent
It has a single hilar feeding vessel
Which benign pathology is also referred to as the swiss cheese disease bc of the sonographic appearance of the breast tissue? -Phyllodes tumor -Fibrocystic dysplasia -Juvenile papillomatosis -Fibroadenoma -Mondor's disease
Juvenile papillomatosis
The classification used today for supernumerary breast tissue is -White's classification -Couinaud's classification -Kajava's classification -Parten's classification -Courveoisier's classification
Kajava's classification
Which is NOT true for inflammatory breast cancer? -It is rare -Malignant spread is low -It gives the breast a "peau d'orange" appearance -Palpable mass may not be present -Prognosis is poor
Malignant spread is low (Inflammatory breast cancer is a misnomer sinve it is actually an infiltrating ductal carcinoma with widespread dermal lymphatic invasion that denotes a grave prognosis)
Ductography involves the utilization of: -Mammo -Nuclear medicine -MRI -CT -Sonography
Mammo
Which sonographic features would be considered benign? -Thick capsule -Marked hyperechogenicity -Marked hypoechogenicity -Microlobulations -Angular margins
Marked hyperechogenicity
Ductography would be contraindicated in the presence of: -Mastitis -Breast pain -Nipple D/C -Palpable breast mass -Breast augmentation
Mastitis
Which type of breast cancer can mimic a fibroadenoma? -Invasive ductal -Medullary -Colloid -Papillary -Tubular
Medullary (these tumors grow rapidly and are moveable on physical exam. On US they are well marginated, round or oval and hypoechoic. Physical and US presentation are similar to a fibroadenoma.)
An uncommon breast malignancy that develops in younger women, grows rapidly, and has a lower incidence of lymph involvement it: -Invasive ductal carcinoma -Medullary carcinoma -Sarcoma -Lymphoma -Mucinous carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma (Usually large, fleshy masses that are well-circumscribed and moveable. Since they also tend to occur in younger women they are often misdiagnosed clinically as a fibroadenoma)
Which primary malignancy would be most likely to metastasize to the breast? -Uterine -Ovarian -Melanoma -Gastrointestinal -Renal
Melanoma
The earliest mammo sign for breast cancer is -Skin thickening -Nipple retraction -Desmoplasia -Microcalcifications -Ductal dilation
Microcalcifications
The mammary ridges are also referred to as the -Milk lines -Teats -Udders -Nipples -Bosoms
Milk lines
Granulomatous mastitis can be associated with all of the following EXCEPT: -Foreign bodies -Parasitic disease -Tuberculosis -Breast implants -Mondor's disease
Mondor's disease
Thrombophlebitis of the superfical veins of the breast is called? -Mondor's disease -Klinefelter syndrome -Granulomatous mastitis -Wegener granulomatous -Giant cell arteritis
Mondor's disease
The lubricating glands within the areola are called: -Paramammary glands -Montgomery's glands -Glands of Spence -Glands of colostrum -Pectoral glands
Montgomery's glands
Which is NOT true of lobular carcinoma in situ? (LCIS) -Most common nonivasive breast malignancy -affects premenopausal women -Mammo & sono are not usually helpful in detecting a distinct tumor -Often multicentric -Often bilateral
Most common nonivasive breast malignancy -LCIS is not considered a true cancer and is often referred to as lobular hyperplasia or lobular neoplasia. -Often an incidental finding -pt is at increased risk for future invasive lobular carcinoma. -LCIS is 70% multicentric LCIS is 30% bilateral
Another name for colloid carcinoma is -Sarcoma -Cystosarcoma phyllodes -Mucinous -Papillomatosis -Metaplasia
Mucinous
Mulitple cancer foci within multiple breast quadrants is referred to as: -Multiquad -Multifocal -Multicentric -Bilateral -Multiparous
Multicentric
Multiple tumors within one breast quad are referred to as -Multicentric -Multineoplastic -Multifocal -Multiplastic -Metastatic
Multifocal
Which would NOT be associated with fibrocystic changes? -Macrocalcifications -Nipple d/c -Multiple cysts -Hyperechoic glandular tissue -Lumpy, tender breasts
Nipple d/c
Which would NOT be a normal finding when scanning an augmented breast? -Radial fold -Peripheral fold -Wrinkles -Capsular shell -None of the above
None of the above
If the margins of a mass are thin, defined, and smooth the indication is that the mass shows signs of: -Host response -Malignancy -Noninvasiveness -Inflammation -Invasiveness
Noninvasiveness
All of these masses would require a bx or aspiration EXCEPT: -Large painful cyst -Nontender simple cyst -Solid irregular lesion -Irregular complex mass -Enlarged irregular lymph node
Nontender simple cyst
The sentinel node bx procedure involves: -Mammo -Nuc med -CT -MRI -Sonography
Nuc med
What mass can develop secondary to traumatic fat necrosis? -Sebaceuous cyst -Oil cyst -Simple cyst -Milk cyst -Seroma
Oil cyst
Which tumor is considered the malignant counterpart of the benign fibroadenoma? -Medullary -Colloid -Invasive ductal -Lobular -Phyllodes
Phyllodes (microscopically it looks very similar to the giant fibroadenoma. Though usually benign they can have malignant potential. Some use cystosarcoma phyllodes to denote the malignant form and giant fibroadenoma to denote the less aggressive form)
Of the following which would NOT be a reliable diagnostic indicator for malignancy? -Hypoechogenicity -Overall acoustic shadowing -Incompressibility -Posterior enhancement -Color flow
Posterior enhancement
Breast augmetation used for postmastectomy reconstruction is usually placed: -Beneath the skin -Anterior to the pectoralis m -Posterior to the pectoralis m. -Anterior to the serratus m. -Posterior to the serratus m.
Posterior to the pectoralis m. -Retropectoral or submuscular used for postmastectomy reconstruction
Breast tissue development is considered functionally complete by: A. 20 weeks' gestation B. Term C. Age 20 D. Postpartum E. Puberty
Postpartum Final maturation of the breast lobules occur with pregnancy. If pregnancy never occurs it is complete 2 years after menarche.
Which carcinoma of the breast is considered rarest? -Colloid -Medullary -Paillary -Inflammatory -Primary lymphoma
Primary lymphoma (poor prognosis, normally widespread)
Scirrhous type lesions are those that -Produce a significant reactive fibrosis -Contain clear watery fluid -Contain soft tissue -Are well circumscribed -More likely to be benign
Produce a significant reactive fibrosis
Which primary malignancy in males would most likely metastasize to the breast? -Liver -Lung -GI tract -Bladder -Prostate
Prostate
Mastitis associated with lactation is referred to as: -Granulomatous -Periductal -Puerperal -Ectactic -Apocrine
Puerperal (Puerperal means a woman who just gave birth. Associated with postpartum incident or condition) Puerperal mastitis is the most common acute type occuring during lactation.
All can mimic a benign mass EXCEPT: -Medullary cancer -Phyllodes tumor -Lymphoma -Mestastases -Radiation changes
Radiation changes
With Contrast enhanced MRI, which would be characteristic of invasive breast cancer -Normal morphologic appearance -Absent rim enhancement -Rapid, moderate to marked tumor enhancement -Slow tumor enhancement -Moderate to marked tumor enhancement
Rapid, moderate to marked tumor enhancement
17 year old pt with mononucleosis and a fam hx of breast CA finds a lump in her rt axilla. On US an elliptical hypoechoic mass measuring 3.5 cm with an echogenic central area is found. It is moveable and not painful: -Fibroadenoma with microcalcification -Reactive lymph node -Metastatic sentinel node -Accessory glandular tissue -Sebaceous cyst
Reactive lymph node
The lymph nodes located between the pectoral muscles are called: -Rotters -Axillary -Parasternal -Infraclavicular -Intrapectoral
Rotter's nodes
Which would suggest pathology of a lymph node -Round shape -Thin capsule -Hypoechoic cortex -Central fatty hilum -Hilar blood flow from a single artery
Round shape
Most common breast implant in current use is the -Saline filled single lumen -Double lumen-outer saline, inner silicone -Double lumen-outer silicone, inner saline -Saline inflatable tissue expander -Autologous donor tissue
Saline filled single lumen
Cancers that produce a significant reactive fibrosis around the tumor are referred to as: -Comedo type -Non-comedo type -Granular -Invasive -Scirrhous type
Scirrhous type
The first node to drain lymph from a primary breast cancer is referred to as: -Primary node -Sentinel node -Terminal node -Axillary node -Lead node
Sentinel node
A clear fluid filled mass that may develop following surgery is a: -Cyst -Seroma -Hematoma -Oil cyst -Galactocele
Seroma
Young women, recent lumpectomy, 6 weeks post radiation for DCIS develops a painful palpable mass under her incision. On US a well circumscribed hypoechoic mass containing septations and showing some posterior enhancement: -Seroma -Hematoma -Mastitis -Oil cyst -Recurrent cancer
Seroma
Which is NOT a sonographic characteristic of a simple cystic mass? -Anechoic -Sharply marginated -Posterior enhancement -Shadowing -Thin walls
Shadowing
Which is the most common silicone breast implant -Direct silicone injection -Single lumen, gel-filled -Double lumen outer saline, inner silicone -Double lumen, outer silicone, inner saline -double lumen saline
Single lumen, gel-filled
When evaluating a mass, the sonographic features observed should be all EXCEPT: -Shape -Skin dimpling -Margin definition -Echogenicity -Attenuation
Skin dimpling
List the anatomy of the breast sonographically from anterior to posterior
Skin, Subcutaneous fat, fibroglandular tissue, Muscle, ribs, lung
All are considered acute traumatic breast changes EXCEPT: -Edema -Hematoma -Fat necrosis -Bruising -Skin/tissue retraction
Skin/tissue retraction
All are sonographic features of metastatic lymph node EXCEPT: -Smooth oval shape -enlargement -asymmetric cortical thickening -Marked hypoechogenicity -absent hilar fat
Smooth oval shape
Which is aassociated with an extracapsular rupture on US? -Parallel lines -Stepladder sign -Snowstorm sign -Linguini sign -Noose sign
Snowstorm sign -Extracapsular rupture is the break of the implant shell and fibrous capsule that allows silicone to seep into the tissues and axilla and chest wall. -Dirty shadowing and snowstorm appearance
Which would best describe the colloid carcinoma: -Hard, gritty, and irregular -Soft, lobulated and compressible -Smooth, hard, and immobile -Hard, lobulated, and moveable -Nonpalpable
Soft, lobulated and compressible
Of the following BI-RAD characteristics, which is most indicative of malignancy? -Clustered calcifications -Enlarging mass -Nipple retraction -Spiculated irregular border -Focal architectural distortion
Spiculated irregular border
All are considered secondary features of invasive breast cancers EXCEPT: -Desmoplasia -Nipple retraction -Retraction of Cooper's Ligaments -Spiculation -Skin dimpling
Spiculation
The sign that suggests an invasive malignancy on mammo and sonography is: -Microlobulations -Macrolobulations -Spiculation -Angular margins -Architectural distortions
Spiculation
The complication of developing a pneumothorax following bx is more likely to occur with which method? -Fine-needle aspiration -Spring loaded automated core bx -vacuum assisted mammotomy -Advanced breast bx instrumentation (ABBI) -Excisional bx
Spring loaded automated core bx
What is the sonographic term for the appearance of an intracapsular silicone rupture? -Stepladder sign -Linguini sign -Teardrop sign -Wavy line sign -Noose sign
Stepladder sign
The MC location for a malignant breast tumor in a male is the: -Subareolar area -UOQ -UIQ -LOQ -LIQ
Subareolar area
Which location would lower the risk of implant capsular contracture? -Submammary -Submuscular -Subcutaneous -Intramammary -Prepectoral
Submuscular
The term for accessory ectopic breast tissue is -hyperplastic -hypoplastic -Mammary ridges -Hypermastic -Supernumerary
Supernumerary
Breast tissue that extends into the axilla is called -Mastos fascia -Tail of spence -The colostrum -premammary zone -Montgomery zone
Tail of spence
Which of the following sonographic characteristics of malignancy suggest that a tumor is invasive growing across tissue lines? -Spiculation -Taller than wide -Duct extension -Microlobulations -Angular margins
Taller than wide
Most breast pathologies originate in the: -Axillary nodes -Areola -Lymph system -Terminal duct lobular unit -Subcutaneous fat
Terminal duct lobular unit The TDLU is a hormone sensitive, milk producing gland that varies in size from 1-8 mm in the non pregnant female. At menopause the lobules regress in size. In women 55 or older with breast CA the lobules remain well developed.
Which would NOT suggest that a mass is benign? -The mass is horizontal -The mass is hyperechoic -The mass has microlobulations -The mass has a thin pseudocapsule -The mass shows acoustic enhancement
The mass has microlobulations
The rapid breast enlargement that begins at puberty is called: A. Menarche B. Gynecomastia C. Thelarche D. Hyperplasia E. Athelia
Thelarche
How are blood vessels and lymph vessels similar?
They both contain valves
Which features of a mass would be considered a secondary rather than primary feature? -Tumor extension into a duct -Orientation -Margin regularity -Attenuation effects -Shape
Tumor extension into a duct
All are considered histological categories for breast malignancies EXCEPT: -Tumors of ductal epithelial origin -Tumors of dermal origin -Tumors of lobular origin -Tumors of stromal origin -Metastatic disease
Tumors of dermal origin Classifications for primary breast cancers: ~Lobular, ductal, stromal, phyllodes
The MC location for a malignant tumor in a female is the - -Subareolar area -UOQ -UIQ -LOQ -LIQ
UOQ
When using color doppler to identify blood flow within a suspicious mass which would be most helpful? -Use high velocity scale -Use a high filter -Increase transducer pressure over the mass -Make sure the doppler angle is perpendicular -Use low flow setting
Use low flow setting
If the long axis of a mass is parallel to the skin line, it means the mass is -Wider than tall -Taller than wide -Superficial -Probably malignant -Ductal in origin
Wider than tall
Which is NOT a typical sonographic appearance of a malignant mass? -Shadowing -Markedly hypoechoic -Spiculations -Microlobulations -Wider than tall
Wider than tall
Which technique is used as guidance methods during breast interventional procedures? -Free hand -Parallel to chest -oblique path -parallel to transducer -all of the above
all of the above
Normal lymph nodes usually measure 1 cm EXCEPT those found -between the pectoral muscles -in the mammary zone -intercostally -mediastinal -axillary
axillary
The most common site for polymastia is -periumbilical -mediastinal -nuchal -axillary -Facial
axillary accessory mammary tissue without areola and nipple is the most common presentation of polymastia and most commonly found in the axilla
On a mammo the most specific indicator of cancer is: -Nipple retraction -radiolucent mass -skin dimpling -skin thickening -microcalcifications
microcalcifications As many as 80% of cancers will show microcalcifications usually measuring <.2 mm in size
The primary function of the breast is: -Hormone production -excrete sweat -sexual arousal -milk production -infant bonding
milk production
the presence of accessory glandular breast tissue is called: -polythelia -polymastia -hyperthelia -hypermastia -multimastia
polymastia
The most common type of supernumerary breast tissue is -polythelia -polymastia -hyperthelia -hypermastia -multimastia
polythelia
Which is NOT true of inflammatory breast cancer -Common manifestation of invasive ductal carcinoma -Prognosis is poor -an uncommon breast cancer -rare sequela to invasive ductal carcinoma -it is a clinical diagnosis
rare sequela to invasive ductal carcinoma
Of the following statements, which is NOT TRUE of normal intramammary lymph nodes: -They are ovoid, hyperechoic hilum, hypoechoic rim -they are round, with a homogenous hypoechoic pattern -They are usually less than 1 cm -They show a vascular pedicle at the hilum -Most are found in the posterior UOQ
they are round, with a homogenous hypoechoic pattern
How do you scan a tumor brought in as a specimen? - place sample in plastic bag filled with gel - use stand off pad - tell them only mammography should do the exam - leave specimen in petri dish and scan over the lid
use stand off pad with transducer compression