Brunner 35 + 37

A client reports to a health care provider's office for intradermal allergy testing. Before testing, the nurse provides client teaching. Which client statement indicates a need for further education?

"If I notice tingling in my lips or mouth, gargling may help the symptoms."

A patient was seen in the clinic 3 days previously for allergic rhinitis and was given a prescription for a corticosteroid nasal spray. The patient calls the clinic and tells the nurse that the nasal spray is not working. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The full benefit of the medication may take up to 2 weeks to be achieved."

The nurse tells the client that if exposure to an allergen occurs around 8:00 AM, then the client should expect a mild or moderate reaction by what time?

10:00 AM

A client who has developed kidney failure is discussing options with the health care provider for treatment. What does the nurse understand that kidney failure is associated with?

A deficiency in circulating lymphocytes

A 10-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency department (ED) by ambulance in apparent anaphylaxis after accidentally eating a snack bar that contained peanuts. The ED nurse should be aware that this patient's signs and symptoms are attributable to:

A massive release of histamine

After receiving a dose of penicillin, a client develops dyspnea and hypotension and the nurse suspects the client is experiencing anaphylactic shock. What is the nurse's first action?

Administer epinephrine, as ordered.

What nursing intervention helps reduce itchiness or prevent the client from scratching the skin would you institute with a client who has an allergic reaction and tends to itch due to histamine release?

Advise the client to use distracting techniques.

Your client is about to have a skin test for an allergic disorder. What critical instruction should the nurse give this client?

Avoid antihistamines and cold preparations for 48 to 72 hours before the test.

The nurse is teaching a client after a medication allergic reaction has occurred. What is the most important action for the nurse to teach the client to take to prevent anaphylaxis?

Avoid potential allergens.

A nurse is monitoring a client who developed facial edema after receiving a medication. Which white blood cells stimulated the edema?

Basophils

A client with a history of allergic rhinitis comes to the clinic for an evaluation. The client is prescribed triamcinolone. What will the nurse include when teaching the client about this drug?

Be aware that some nasal burning and itching may occur.

While taking the health history of a newly admitted client, the nurse reviews general lifestyle behaviors. What strategies would have a positive effect on the immune system?

Biofeedback, relaxation, and hypnosis

A nurse comes to the employee health center for evaluation and is diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis related to latex. What manifestation would the nurse most likely exhibit?

Blistering

Which condition is associated with impaired immunity relating to the aging client?

Breakdown and thinning of the skin

Which of the following is the most frequent route of exposure to a latex allergy?

Cutaneous

A client with an allergic disorder calls the nurse and asks what treatment is available for allergic disorders. The nurse explains to the client that there is more than one treatment available. What treatments would the nurse tell the client about?

Desensitization

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication that has an affinity for H1 receptors. Which medication would the nurse administer?

Diphenhydramine

When assessing the skin of a client with allergic contact dermatitis, the nurse would most likely expect to find irritation at which area?

Dorsal aspect of the hand

The nurse is administering injected allergens for "hyposensitization," which may produce harmful systemic reactions. Prior to administering these allergens, what medication should the nurse have at the bedside?

Epinephrine

Which body substance causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle?

Histamine

A client develops a facial rash and urticaria after receiving penicillin. Which laboratory value does the nurse expect to be elevated?

IgE

The nurse is teaching a group of health care workers about latex allergies. What reaction will the nurse teach the workers to be most concerned about with laryngeal edema?

IgE-mediated hypersensitivity

The Family Nurse Practitioner is conducting a physical examination of a client with an immunity disorder. What would be an important parameter to examine?

Inspect the pharynx for large, red tonsils.

After teaching a client how to self-administer epinephrine, the nurse determines that the teaching plan has been successful when the client demonstrates which action?

Jabs the autoinjector into the outer thigh at a 90-degree angle

Which group of mediators initiates the inflammatory response?

Leukotrienes

A client is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). After recovering from the initial shock of the diagnosis, the client expresses a desire to learn as much as possible about HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). When teaching the client about the immune system, the nurse states that humoral immunity is provided by which type of white blood cell?

Lymphocyte

Which cells present the antigen to T cells and initiate the immune response?

Macrophages

A 25-year-old client receives a knife wound to the leg in a hunting accident. Which type of immunity was compromised?

Natural immunity

An adult client has had mumps when the client was a child. The client had a titer prior to entering nursing school and shows immunity. What type of immunity does this reflect?

Naturally acquired active immunity

Which medication classification is known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis or release?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (in large doses)

What is the most common cause of anaphylaxis?

Penicillin

A client comes to the clinic with a rash. While inspecting the client's skin, the nurse determines that the rash is medication-related based on which finding?

Rash has several large raised areas.

A client with a history of anaphylactic reactions to insect stings has just been stung by a wasp. Place the steps in the correct order that the client will follow for self-administration of an EpiPen. Use all options.

Remove the gray safety-release cap Inject the black tip into the outer thigh Massage the injection area Call the emergency medical response number (911)

An infant is born to a mother who had no prenatal care during her pregnancy. What type of hypersensitivity reaction does the nurse understand may have occurred?

Rh-hemolytic disease

A nurse is teaching a community group about healthy lifestyles. A participant asks about how to maintain a healthy immune system. The nurse informs the group that which factor will positively affect the immune system?

Strong family and community connections

The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Which statement correctly describes the process of autoimmunity?

The normal protective immune response attacks the body, damaging tissues.

What education should the nurse provide to the patient taking long-term corticosteroids?

The patient should not stop taking the medication abruptly and should be weaned off of the medication.

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complexes forming when antigens bind to antibodies?

Type III

The nurse explains to a client that immunotherapy initially starts with injections at which interval?

Weekly

A client is prescribed an oral corticosteroid for 2 weeks to relieve asthma symptoms. The nurse educates the client about side effects, which include

adrenal suppression.

The immune system is a complicated and intricate system that contains specialized cells and tissues that protect us from external invaders and our own altered cells. Which term is used to define any substances capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response?

antigens

The nurse knows the best strategy for latex allergy is

avoidance of latex-based products.

A client visits the employee health department because of mild itching and a rash on both hands. What will the employee health nurse focus on during the assessment interview?

chemical and latex glove use

The nurse is administering intravenous vancomycin. What will the nurse initially assess the client for if an allergic reaction occurs?

dyspnea, bronchospasm, and/or laryngeal edema

The nurse is reviewing various medications with a client that can be used to treat allergic disorders. What medication will the nurse identify as an intranasal corticosteroid?

fluticasone

The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger enables cells to resist viral replication and slow viral replication?

interferons

The nurse is teaching a client about histamine release during an anaphylactic reaction. What does histamine release in anaphylaxis cause?

nasal congestion

A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on the immune system. The instructor's discussion on phagocytosis will include:

neutrophils and monocytes.

The nurse is teaching a client about contact dermatitis. What type of contact dermatitis requires light exposure in addition to allergen contact?

photoallergic

The nurse is teaching a client about allergic rhinitis and its triggers. What is the most common trigger for the respiratory allergic response?

plant pollen

A client has had a "stuffy nose" and obtained an oxymetazoline nasal spray. What education should the nurse provide to the client in order to prevent "rebound congestion"?

Only use the nasal spray for 3 to 4 days once every 12 hours.

While monitoring the patient's eosinophil level, the nurse suspects a definite allergic disorder when seeing an eosinophil value of what percentage of the total leukocyte count?

15% to 40%

The nurse is educating a patient with allergic rhinitis about how the condition is induced. What should the nurse include in the education on this topic?

Airborne pollens or molds

The nurse is creating a discharge teaching plan for a client with a latex allergy. Which information should be included? Select all that apply.

-Avoidance of latex-based products -Administration of antihistamines -Administration of emergency epinephrine

A camp nurse has been rushed to a playing field where a girl appears to be experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse has had the child rushed to the camp's infirmary. What action should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this child?

Maintain the patency of the girl's airway.

A child is brought to the clinic with a rash. The child is diagnosed with measles. The mother tells the nurse that she had the measles when she was a little girl. What immunity to measles develops after the initial infection?

Naturally acquired active immunity

A patient asks the nurse if it would be all right to take an over-the-counter antihistamine for the treatment of a rash. What should the nurse educate the patient is a major side effect of antihistamines?

Sedation

The nurse observes diffuse swelling involving the deeper skin layers in a client who has experienced an allergic reaction. The nurse would correctly document this finding as

angioneurotic edema.

An individual's exposure to an airborne pathogen has prompted an immune response that includes both cellular and humoral components. Which of the following activities is most closely associated with the humoral immune response?

B lymphocytes produce antibodies that are specific to the pathogen.

The nursing students are learning about the immune system in their anatomy and physiology class. What would these students learn is a component of the immune system?

Lymphoid tissues

Which type of cells destroys antigens already coated with antibody?

Null

The nurse is working with a colleague who has a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) allergic reaction to latex. Which statement describes the clinical manifestations of this reaction?

Symptoms are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands.