bsc 1005 sickle cell

Place the following structures in order to describe the pathway of oxygen into the body. Begin with the nasal cavities and mouth.

1. nasal cavities and mouth 2. pharynx and larynx 3. trachea 4. bronchi within the lungs 5. bronchioles within the lungs 6. alveoli within the lungs 7. red blood cells within blood capillaries

Select all of the following reasons that explain why sickle-cell disease is ideal for studying genetic diseases. A single gene controls sickle-cell disease. The symptoms of sickle-cell disease are easily quantified. The inheritance pattern of sickle-cell disease is well understood. Sickle-cell disease is controlled by a single mutation. Sickle-cell disease is controlled by two mutations on a single gene.

A single gene controls sickle-cell disease. Sickle-cell disease is controlled by a single mutation.

Which of the following statements best describes the role of alveoli in gas exchange?

Alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs, so oxygen diffuses into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells.

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the respiratory system.

Blocked capillaries result in acute chest syndrome, causing pain, shortness of breath, and a high fever. Blocked capillaries result in a decrease in oxygen delivery to tissues. Decreased levels of oxygen result in anemia.

Which of the following best describes the structure of hemoglobin?

Each globin molecule surrounds a heme group. Hemoglobin consists of four globin molecules. Heme groups contain iron.

Which of the following statements best differentiates between internal respiration and external respiration?

External respiration occurs when red blood cells exchange gases with the environment within the lungs and internal respiration occurs as red blood cells exchange gases at the tissue cells of the body.

Which of the following are considered to be genetic traits and therefore inheritable? An understanding of Spanish Tattoos Eye color Facial features, including nose shape, dimples, and freckles

Eye color Facial features, including nose shape, dimples, and freckles

Select all of the components of a hemoglobin molecule.

Four globin polypeptides Four heme groups

Which of the following best defines the information stored in genes?

Genes store only the information for making proteins and other gene products.

Which of the following statements best explains why genetic traits are inheritable?

Genetic traits are controlled by our genes and are passed down over generations from parents to offspring.

Which statement best summarizes how hemoglobin is involved in gas exchange?

Hemoglobin binds to oxygen within red blood cells, transporting it to tissue cells of the body.

Select all of the following characteristics of hemoglobin that describe both its structure and function.

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells throughout the body. Hemoglobin consists of four globin polypeptide molecules that surround an iron-containing heme group.

Which of the following statements best explains the function of hemoglobin in the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells, allowing oxygen to travel from the lungs to the tissue cells of the body.

Recall what information is stored within genes.

Information for the production of RNA Information for the production of genes

Sickle-cell disease is an easy disease to study because

It is controlled by a single mutation in a single gene. Its inheritance pattern is well understood.

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the body.

Misshapen red blood cells block capillaries, preventing blood flow. Mutated hemoglobin molecules cannot adequately transport oxygen, resulting in anemia. Restricted blood flow reduces the body's ability to fight off infection. Restricted blood flow causes joint pain and kidney failure.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the impacts of sickle-cell disease on the circulatory system.

Misshapen red blood cells clump together, blocking capillaries from blood flow.

Which of the following statements best summarizes the impacts of sickle-cell disease on the respiratory system.

Mutated and misshapen red blood cells block blood flow in capillaries, resulting in decreased oxygen levels, acute chest syndrome, and eventually sickle crisis.

How does sickle-cell disease impact the circulatory system?

Mutated hemoglobin clumps together in red blood cells, resulting in their sickle-shape.

how does sickle-cell disease impact the circulatory system?

Mutated hemoglobin clumps together in red blood cells, resulting in their sickle-shape.

All of the following statements are true. Which one statement describes the biggest impact that sickle-cell disease has over the organs and organ systems of the body? Multiple choice question.

Mutated hemoglobin molecules result in misshapen red blood cells that cannot function to transport oxygen in the body.

Which one statement describes the biggest impact that sickle-cell disease has over the organs and organ systems of the body?

Mutated hemoglobin molecules result in misshapen red blood cells that cannot function to transport oxygen in the body.

Which of the following traits are associated with sickle-cell disease?

Mutated hemoglobin proteins that result in sickle-shaped red blood cells

Which of the following statements best summarizes the impact of sickle-cell disease on organs systems of the body?

Mutated red blood cells cause enlarged spleen, painful joints, reduced immunity, and possibly kidney failure.

Select all of the ways that mutated red blood cells impact the circulatory system.

Mutated red blood cells clump together, blocking blood flow in capillaries. Mutated red blood cells have a sickle-shaped appearance.

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the circulatory system.

Oxygen concentrations drop, resulting in anemia. Misshaped red blood cells block capillaries, restricting blood flow. Altered hemoglobin sticks together, altering the shape of red blood cells.

Which of the following processes occurs during gas exchange in the body?

Oxygen diffuses into red blood cells within the alveoli of the lungs.

After oxygen enters the lungs, which statements best describe its path as it reaches the tissues in the body?

Oxygen passes through the bronchi, into bronchioles, and into alveoli. There, it diffuses into red blood cells within capillaries and is transported to the tissue cells of the body.

If the partial pressure of oxygen is greater in the alveoli than in the blood, which of the following will occur?

Oxygen will diffuse out of the alveoli and into red blood cells.

Select all of the following traits that are associated with sickle-cell disease. Red blood cells that are swollen into balloon shaped spheres. Red blood cells that are sickle-shaped in appearance. Malfunctioning hemoglobin proteins

Red blood cells that are sickle-shaped in appearance. Malfunctioning hemoglobin proteins

Select all of the following that best describe the functions of red blood cells within the body.

Red blood cells transport oxygen to all tissues cells within the body. Red blood cells transport carbon dioxide away from all tissue cells within the body.

Select all of the following effects of sickle-cell disease on various organ systems of the body.

Sickle-cell disease causes blocked capillaries within kidneys, possibly resulting in kidney failure. Sickle-cell disease lowers immunity, resulting in increased infection. Sickle-cell disease causes an enlarged spleen, resulting in abdominal pain.

Which of the following best recalls how sickle-cell disease impacts the circulatory system?

Sickle-cell disease results in anemia, or low oxygen levels.

Which of the following traits are controlled entirely by our genes?

The likelihood of developing sickle-cell disease

Which of the following best defines inheritance?

The movement of genes from one generation to the next

Which of the following statements best recalls the function of the respiratory system?

The respiratory system functions in gas exchange between the lungs and the external environment.

Select all of the following that are functions of the respiratory system in the body.

The respiratory system takes carbon dioxide from the circulatory system and releases it to the external environment. The respiratory system takes in oxygen from the external environment to deliver to red blood cells.

Which structures must oxygen pass through before entering the lungs?

Trachea Mouth and nasal cavities Pharynx and larynx

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system within the body?

Transporting carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

Select all of the following that are functions of the circulatory system within the body.

Transporting oxygen throughout the body Transporting nutrients throughout the body

Which of the following statements best describes the process of gas exchange in the body?

When blood enters the lungs, oxygen diffuses into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells. When blood reaches the tissue cells of the body, oxygen diffuses out of red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells.

Small, sac-like structures within the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange are called _____.

alveoli

Within the body, carbon dioxide is transported

as carbonic acid within the center of red blood cells.

Within red blood cells, hemoglobin functions to

bind and transport oxygen as oxyhemoglobin to the tissue cells of the body.

Within red blood cells, carbon dioxide is transported as

carbonic acid

Basic units of inheritance that contain information to make products are called

genes

Segments of DNA called _____ contain information that produce a product.

genes

Segments of DNA that contain information that produces a product are called

genes

Segments of DNA that control all traits in humans are called _____.

genes

The basic units of inheritance that contain information to make proteins and are passed down from parent to offspring are called ________________.

genes

The iron-containing molecule found within the center of each globin polypeptide in hemoglobin molecules is called a(n) _____.

heme group

The passage of genes from one generation to the next is called _______________.

inheritance

The gene mutation for sickle-cell disease results in mutated red blood cells with a(n) _____ shape, causing them to clump together and block blood flow within capillaries.

sickle

Sickle-cell disease is controlled by ______________ mutation on a _______________ gene.

single single

Complete the sentence: Within the lungs,

small sacs called alveoli interact closely with capillary networks and act as the site of gas exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide.