BSC2011 Quiz questions Exam 1

What part of a cladogram represents a group of organisms with a common ancestor? a. kingdom b. branch c. clade d. domain

clade

Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called: a. chromatids. b. fimbriae. c. virons. d. capsids. e. plasmids.

fimbriae.

What bacterial process is involved in the production of cheese and yogurt? a. Fragmentation b. Decomposition c. Fermentation d. Aerobic respiration e. Bioremediation

Fermentation

What is a chain of round bacteria called? a. Bacilli b. Diplococci c. Streptococci d. Streptobacilli

Streptococci

What macromolecule structure do many systematists look to when determining phylogenies? a. messenger RNA b. amino acid subunit c. nuclear DNA d. ribosomal RNA e. transcription RNA

ribosomal RNA

What is the first step in constructing a cladogram using outgroup analysis? a. Sort the outgroup. b. Define all the different conditions as they exist in the taxa. c. Organize the character states into their correct evolutionary order. d. Select the taxa of interest. e. Select the homologous characters to be analyzed.

Select the taxa of interest.

Which is a root language used in the binomial system of nomenclature? a. Latin b. English c. Italian d. French e. Spanish

latin

Parsimony requires that which of the following is accepted as most probable? a. the cladogram with the fewest branches b. the cladogram with the fewest characteristics c. the cladogram with the fewest nodes d. the cladogram with the fewest homoplasies

the cladogram with the fewest homoplasies

That the red eft-stage salamander and the red-backed salamander share many skeletal features from a common ancestor is an example of which of the following? a. homoplasy b. homology c. phylogeny d. reversal

homology

Modern systematists would like to group reptiles with mammals and birds because they all share what unique characteristic? a. They are all amniotes. b. They are all vertebrates. c. They can all give live birth. d. They all share the same evolutionary ancestor. e. They all have an external covering (i.e., scales, feathers).

They are all amniotes.

Which of the following is the correct scientific name for corn? a. Zea mays b. mays c. zea mays

Zea mays

The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the: a. presence of a single filament flagellum in bacteria. b. absence of the 70S ribosomes in bacteria. c. absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea. d. lack of a nuclear envelope in archaea. e. presence of fatty acids in the plasma membranes of archaea.

absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea.

Which is an example of a derived character within dolphins and whales, i.e. not shared by other mammals? a. snout b. dorsal fin c. gills d. vertebrae e. blowhole

blowhole

Which would be the correct order of the taxon levels? a. domain→kingdom→phylum→class→order→family→genus→species b. phylum→class→family→kingdom→domain→order→genus→species c. kingdom→domain→phylum→family→class→order→genus→species

domain→kingdom→phylum→class→order→family→genus→species

By what method has horizontal gene transfer occurred in eukaryotes? a. endosymbiosis b. lateral transfer c. viral infection d. convergence

endosymbiosis

The phylogenetic evidence suggests that the class Reptilia is which type of group? Remember than birds share a common ancestor with the saurischian dinosaurs, but birds are not included in the traditional class Reptilia. a. homologous b. polyphyletic c. branched d. cladistic e. paraphyletic

paraphyletic

What type of science studies the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary history? a. systematics b. taxonomy c. biodiversity d. statistics

systematics

What is commensalism? a. A relationship between all living things b. A relationship between two bacteria c. A relationship between individuals of two species in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm d. A relationship among all cells e. A relationship between two same species

A relationship between individuals of two species in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm

What are spherical-shaped bacteria called? a. Bacilli b. Cocci c. Spirilla d. Vibrio e. Spirochete

Cocci

What type of symbiotic relationship occurs between a ruminant and the bacteria in its digestive tract? a. Symbiosis b. Transformation c. Commensalism d. Parasitism e. Mutualism

Mutualism

Which of the following is missing in the cell walls of archaea but not bacteria? a. Polysaccharides b. Flagellum c. Plasma membrane d. Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan

Bacterial chemoautotrophs use organic chemicals as an energy source. a. True b. False

False

What is a primary reason for removing fungi from the Plant Kingdom and placing in its own? a. Fungi tend to be toxic. b. Fungi are not eukaryotic. c. Fungi are not photosynthetic. d. Fungi do not have membrane organelles.

Fungi are not photosynthetic.

By what gene-transfer method does a phage transfer bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another, resulting in genetic recombination? a. Fragmentation b. Transformation c. Transduction d. Conjugation e. Binary fission

Transduction

What does each branch of a cladogram represents? a. domain b. species c. clade d. phyla

clade