Building Blocks of the Nervous System
Appearance
All axons end in telodendria but may vary in what?
Axon Collaterals
Axons that branch off are known as what?
The lower motor neuron
Cranial and Spinal nerves are part of which neuron system?
No, and those that don't are not regenerated once they become damage.
Do all axons have a myelin sheath and what happens if they do not?
False
Glial cells participate in generation transmission of nerve impulses.
It can create speech and language delays in children while creating poor speech perception in those of all ages.
How can hearing impairments affect the communication process?
Endurance during speech production, insufficient volume during speech, reduction in O2 and CO2 due to shallow breathing.
How can inadequate breath impede communication?
They increase the speed of messages by allowing the impulses to bounce through the spaces.
The nodes of ranvier increase what?
Synaptic cleft
The space between the axon and dendrite where the action/synapse happens is known as what?
Nodes of Ranvier
The spaces in the myelin sheath where the axon is exposed are known as what?
Diameter of the axon and thickness of the myelin.
The speed of a neural impulses depends on what two things?
Axon Hillock
The thick area that extends from the cell body to the axon is called what?
Neurons
What are the basic functional units of the nervous system?
Dendrites are structures that recieves info, they are afferent because info is transmitted towards the cell body.
What are the dendrites and what role do they play?
Sensation, perception, discrimination, emotions, behavior, and action of muscles, organs, and glands.
What are the neurons responsible for?
Small knob-like structures located at the end of the axon usualy found in a group (part of the synaptic button/ terminal group) that are important for nueral transmission.
What are the telodendria?
The peripheral and central nervous system.
What are the two divisions of the nervous system?
The sympathetic increases activity that supplies muscle movement and the parasympathic decreases movement inhibiting activity of the organs.
What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system and their functions.
Autonomic and Somatic nervous system
What are the two subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?
It plays a vital role in the development of a neuron. It acts as a tract and give guidance to neural cells on where to set up and how to behave.
What are two important features of glial cells?
The way the articulators combine gives us the manner and the larynx determine voiced/voicless sounds.
What determines manner and voicing of sounds?
It synthesizes proteins acting as a neurotransmitter.
What does the cell body do?
Soma
What is another name for the cell body?
This is how the cell body sends out neural messages.
What is the importance of the neurotransmitter?
Sheath of Schwann Cells
What is the myelin found in the peripheral nervous system known as?
This is the place before and after the synapse occurs.
What is the presynaptic and posynaptic neuron?
It is the fatty/lipid substance that insulated and protects the axon.
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
It houses the substance for the neurotransmitters.
What is the purpose of the vesicles found inside the synaptic button?
It provides involuntary control of smooth muscles including the heart & glands of the body.
What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?
It provides voluntary control of muscles like raising your arm.
What is the role of the somatic nervous system?
Cranial & Spinal Nerves
What makes uo the peripheral nervous system?
Brain & Spinal Cord
What makes up the central nervous system?
The nervous system, respiratory system, phonatory system, articualatory system, and the auditory system.
What makes up the cycle of communication?
It is the portion of the neuron that transports info away from the cell making it efferent.
What role does the axon play?
It is the glue that supports and protects the cell.
What role does the glial cell play?
Neurons and Glial Cells
What two cell types are found in the nervous system?
Dendrites
Which part of the neuron isn't myelinated at all?
It allows structures within the cell body to move and aid in the protein synthesizing process.
Why is cytoplasm important?
It uses the lips, teeth, tongue, palates, and mandible to shape sounds into individual phonemes based on resonation of the oral, nasal , or pharyngeal activity.
Why is the articulatory system important?
It aids in the speech development process, feedback system for personal speech, acoustic reciever for sound waves to monitor the environment.
Why is the auditory system important?
It regulates all activity of the body making it vital to the communication process.
Why is the nervous system important?
It supplies the energy source (exhalation) for speech production.
Why is the respiratory system important?
Generation of sounds (phonation) as air passes through the larynx.
why is the phonatory system important?
