Chapter 2

Research has shown that children who are physically abused are at a greater risk for this.

A. mental illness B. homelessness C. crime D. all of the above

Which group of people is not included in considerations of victimization?

A. the victims B. the families of victims C. victims' communities D. All of the above may be included.

How many offenses are never reported to police?

about half

Criminologists use this term to refer to instances wherein a victim plays an active role in initiating conflict.

victim precipitation

According to one study, what was the percentage of hate crimes committed by perpetrators who were strongly committed to bigotry?

1%

Children in this age range account for the highest percentage of child abuse and neglect victims.

from birth to age 3

Deborah's cell phone is stolen from her bag. Later, a census taker interviews her about the incident. Which term best describes this type of research?

victimization survey

How does the FBI classify murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault?

violent crimes

Most definitions of victim precipitation assert this.

A.The victim acted first during the course of the offense. B.The victim instigated the commission of the offense. C.both a and b.

Which part of the crime picture do the UCR, self-report studies, and victimization studies tend to miss?

A.corporate crime B.drug sales C.organized crime D.all of the above

Which is a logistical obstacle to measuring crime effectively and efficiently?

A.problems of definition B.problems of resources C.problems of politics D.all of the above

The advantage of the NIBRS over the UCR is that it allows law enforcement to precisely identify

A.the characteristics of victims and perpetrators B.when and where an offense takes place C.the form of an offense D.all of the above

Which of the following is an important actor in a criminal offense?

A.the victim B.the perpetrator C.the criminal justice system D.all of the above

Why is it difficult to measure white-collar and corporate crime?

Much of the investigation and regulation of corporate and white-collar crime is not done by law enforcement

This is designed to gather data on each criminal act even if several acts are committed within the same complex of behavior.

NIBRS

Why does the National Crime Victimization Survey not account for successfully completed drug transactions?

The buyers do not consider themselves crime victims

According to Christie, which is not one of the six attributes typically associated with the idea of an innocent victim?

The victim and perpetrator know each other.

Which is not a reason that a victim would not report an offense?

The victim may have committed the offense.

This annual FBI publication uses data from participating U.S. law enforcement agencies to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime.

Uniform Crime Reports

This is the most extensive and useful measure of crime that is available.

Uniform Crime Reports

What is the number of Crime Index offenses divided by the population of an area called?

crime rate

How does the FBI currently classify arson?

property crime

For rape and sexual assault victims, the criminal justice process is often called this.

the second victimization

Which is not included in the typical definition of elder abuse?

the victim is not dependent on a caregiver

Which choice best describes the sources of error in the Uniform Crime Reports?

unintentional and intentional