BUS 281: Chapter 4 - Introduction to Probability

The probability that Anthony is on time for work is 0.90. The probability that Anthony takes the train to work is 0.80. Given that Anthony takes the train to work, the probability that he is on time is 0.95. The probability that Anthony is on time for work and takes the train is __________. a) 0.76 b) 0.85 c) 0.95 d) 0.72

a) 0.76

The addition rule for two events A and B is ___________. a) P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B) b) P(A∪B) = P(A) x P(B|A) c) P(A∩B) = P(A) + P(B) + P(A|B) d) P(A∩B) = P(A) + P(B)

a) P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B)

Mike is placing a bet on an upcoming horse race in which seven horses are running. Mike places a trifecta bet that wins only if he correctly picks the first, second, and third place horses, in order. Mike can select the placing order for his bet in ___________ ways.

- 210

When rolling a pair of dice and summing the two values rolled, which of the following are exhaustive events? -An even number and an odd number -A sum of 9 or more and a sum of 7 or less -A sum of 7 or more and a sum of 6 or less -A sum of 6 or more and a sum of 8 or less

-An even number and an odd number -A sum of 7 or more and a sum of 6 or less -A sum of 6 or more and a sum of 8 or less

Which of the following BEST represents an empirical probability? -The probability of tossing a head on a coin is 0.5 -Based on past data, a manager believes there is a 70% chance of retaining an employee for at least one year -A skier believes she has a 0.10 chance of winning a gold medal -The probability of rolling a "2" on a single die is 1/6

-Based on past data, a manager believes there is a 70% chance of retaining an employee for at least one year

If 230 out of 400 country club members play tennis, the value 230 should be inserted in the contingency table in the cell with the letter ________. Plays Tennis/Plays Golf: A Plays Tennis/No Golf: B Plays Tennis Total: C No Tennis Total: D Totals: E -A -D -C -E -B

-C

True or false: 0! = 0

-False

Which of the following is an example of a conditional probability? -The probability that Lisa purchases groceries, given that Neil has already purchased groceries -The probability that Angela goes to the movies -The probability that Marilyn or Tom goes to the football game -The probability that Amir and Natasha both purchase video games

-The probability that Lisa purchases groceries, given that Neil has already purchased groceries

Bayes' theorem is calculated by using what rule in the denominator? -The multiplication rule -The total probability rule -The multiplication rule for independent events -The addition rule

-The total probability rule

The union of two events A and B, denoted A∪B, contains ____________ -all outcomes that are NOT in A or B -all outcomes in A or B -all outcomes in A and B -all outcomes of the experiment

-all outcomes in A or B

A subset of a sample space is a/an ___________.

-event

In order to convert a contingency table into a joint probability table, the frequency of each cell is divided by the ______________. -total number of outcomes in the sample space -total number of outcomes in the respective column in which the cell is located -total number of outcomes in the respective row in which the cell is located

-total number of outcomes in the sample space

Probability values range from ___________. -zero to the largest value in the sample or population -minus infinity to positive infinity -zero to one -negative one to one

-zero to one

The following joint probability table helps determine if the location of a resident's home within a city (east or west) affects whether that resident gets season passes to the pool located on the west side. Season Pass: east - 0.30 west - 0.45 total - 0.75 No Pass: east - 0.15 west - 0.10 total - 0.25 west total - 0.45 east total - 0.55 total - 1.00 Given that a resident has a season pass, what is the probability the resident lives on the east side? a) 0.40 b) 0.75 c) 0.60 d) 0.30

a) 0.40

The probability that a customer orders popcorn at the movie theater is 0.40. The probability that a customer orders a drink at the movie theater is 0.65. The probability that a customer orders popcorn and a drink is 0.30. If a customer has already ordered a drink, what is the probability that the customer will order popcorn? a) 0.46 b) 0.40 c) 0.30 d) 0.75

a) 0.46

A manufacturer of liquid laundry detergent has a 0.02 probability that the detergent bottles will be improperly filled. There is a 0.03 probability that the label on the bottle will not be affixed properly. If the events of bottle fill and affixing the label are independent, then the probability of a bottle being filled improperly and having an improperly affixed label is __________. a) 0.006 b) 0.0006 c) 0.05 d) 0.01

b) 0.0006

The High Roller Casino puts the odds of a certain baseball team winning the World Series at 1 to 30 (1:30). Based on those odds, what is the probability that this baseball team will win the World Series? (Round the answer to 3 decimal places.) a) 0.033 b) 0.032 c) 0.967 d) 0.103

b) 0.032

Let P(A) = 0.30 and P(B) = 0.40. Suppose A and B are independent events. Calculate P(B|A). a) 0.70 b) 0.30 c) 0.40 d) 0.12

c) 0.40

The probability of a customer purchasing popcorn at the movie theater is 0.3. What is the probability that a customer does not purchase popcorn? a) 0.5 b) 0.4 c) 0.7 d) 0.6

c) 0.7

The probability that a customer orders popcorn at the movie theater is 0.40. The probability that a customer orders a drink at the movie theater is 0.65. The probability that a customer orders popcorn and a drink is 0.30. If a customer has already ordered popcorn, what is the probability that the customer will order a drink? a) 0.65 b) 0.46 c) 0.75 d) 0.30

c) 0.75

Kareem is trying to decide which college to attend full time next year. Kareem believes there is a 55% chance that he will attend State College and a 33% chance that he will attend North University. The probability that Kareem will attend either State or Northern is ___________. a) 0.55 b) 0.22 c) 0.88 d) 0.18

c) 0.88

A festival has become so popular that it must limit the number of tickets it issues. People who hope to attend the festival send in a request for tickets, and requests are filled by random selection. Only 21% of the ticket requests are fulfilled. The odds that a random applicant does NOT receive a ticket are _____________. a) 5.32 to 1 b) 2.98 to 1 c) 3.76 to 1 d) 4.88 to 1

c) 3.76 to 1

The odds against a horse winning a race were set at 7 to 1. The probability of that horse NOT winning the race is _______. a) 0.555 b) 0.725 c) 0.665 d) 0.875

d) 0.875

The following contingency table was created by a middle school to determine the relationship between a student taking a foreign language (either Spanish or French) and whether the student plays in the school band. Band: total 210 No band French 40 Spanish total 190 Total 300 The number of students who take Spanish and play in the band is _________?

- 140

Assume the sample space S={win, loss}. Select the choice that fulfills the requirements of the definition of probability. -P({win}) = 1.0, P({loss}) = -1.0 -P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.1 -P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.3 -P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.2

-P({win}) = 0.8, P({loss}) = 0.2

If an experiment is selecting a card from a deck of cards, then the sample space is ____________. -the red cards in the deck -the aces in the deck -all the cards in the deck -the face cards in the deck

-all the cards in the deck

The ________ formula is used to determine the number of different ways to arrange a group of x objects from a total of n objects and the order of the objects is irrelevant. -combination -factorial -permutation -Sharpe

-combination

A softball coach believes that Laurie has a 0.5 probability of getting a hit against a particular pitcher that Laurie has never batted against before. This type of probability is BEST characterized as a(n): -subjective probability -empirical probability -correlated probability -classical probability

-subjective probability

The probability of randomly selecting a "spade" from a deck of cards is ______. a) 0.20 b) 0.25 c) 0.30 d) 0.15

b) 0.25

The probability that a patron at Thursday's Restaurant visits the bar area is 0.30. Given that a patron has visited the bar area, the probability of ordering an appetizer is 0.50. The probability of ordering an appetizer, given a patron does not visit the bar area, is 0.20. What is the probability that a patron orders an appetizer? a) 0.19 b) 0.29 c) 0.39 d) 0.49

b) 0.29

The conditional probability of A given B is calculated by dividing the intersection of A and B by the probability of ____________. a) the union of A and B b) A c) B d) the complement of A

c) B

The _________ formula is used to determine the number of different ways to arrange a group of x objects from a total of n objects and the order of the objects is irrelevant. -Sharpe -permutation -factorial -combination

-combination

The probability that a customer will purchase a product is 0.15. The probability that a customer is a male is 0.5. The probability that a customer is a male and will purchase a product 0.075. The events purchasing a product and being a male are _____________. -dependent -independent -mutually exclusive

-independent

The sum of the probabilities of a list of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events is ___________. -one -impossible to determine without more information -one-half -zero

-one

A _________ probability is the probability of an event given that another event has already occured. -marginal -binomial -conditional -joint

-conditional

For hotels in New York City, a travel web site wants to provide information comparing hotel costs (high, average, low) versus the quality ranking of the hotel (excellent, good, fair, poor). A useful way to summarizes this data is to construct a(n) __________. -frequency distribution -ogive -histogram -contingency table

-contingency table

Using the multiplication rule, the probability that event A and event B both occur is computed by multiplying the conditional probability of event A given event B by the probability of _____________. -the union of event A and event B -event B given event A -event A -event B

-event B

Events that cannot both occur on the same trial of an experiment are mutually ___________ events.

-exclusive

A trial, or process, that produces several possible outcomes is referred to as a(n) _____________. -experiment -conditional probability -Sharpe ratio -population

-experiment

The ____________ formula is used to determine the number of possible ways to arrange n items when there are no groups. -combination -permutation -factorial

-factorial

If two events do not influence each other, than the events are ___ events. -dependent -independent

-independent