Bus301 Test#2
Positive emotions broaden your mindset and open you to consider alternatives when trying to solve a problem, as well as help you build social relationships.
True
The four factors of media richness include feedback, channel, type, and language source.
True
Which of the following is not one of the suggestions coming out of the TED protocol?
Use the latest technology available to appear to be up to date.
__________ are the most effective schedules of reinforcement.
Variable ratio and variable interval
Which of the following is true of virtuous leadership?
Virtuous leaders promote trust.
_______ represents what individuals and organizations aspire to be when they are at their very best.
Virtuousness
____ is the need to see one or more alternative paths to achieve a goal, even when faced with adversity.
Waypower
Which of the following is not one of the most frequently experienced positive emotions?
accomplishment
Why should you invest in PsyCap?
because you have the expectation of future returns or benefits
Malcolm's boss just came into his office, obviously upset, and said, "I'm tired of you being late all the time on these projects. You need to clean up your act!" Malcolm is likeliest to respond by
becoming defensive.
The law of effect states that
behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated.
The ________ conflict handling style is a give-and-take approach.
compromising
Employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines are known as organizational culture.
false
Thinking about what your audience already knows about your subject is part of the _________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
frame your story
Chris just finished a calculus test. Afterward, he walked all the way across campus without being aware of anything or anyone he passed. Chris is being
mindless.
Which of the following is not an unethical tactic to use in negotiations?
showing emotions
Extrinsic rewards come from ________ and intrinsic rewards come from ________.
the environment; oneself
________ is a process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers.
360-degree feedback
Alice wants to join THS, the Theatrical Honor Society. She plans to volunteer at the local community theater, take an additional course in stagecraft, and submit her CV—all before December. Alice creates a schedule for her goals, ensuring that everything will be done in time. Writing goals down increases goal commitment and the likelihood of successfully meeting the goal.
True
Collecting performance information from multiple sources helps a person being evaluated to get a broad view of his or her performance.
True
Communication competence is a performance-based index of an individual's abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.
True
In order to fit a situation, a manager should consider creating behavioral, objective, or task/project goals as appropriate.
True
The Ethics Review Board at XYZ College is composed of students who were elected by the student body. When a student is charged with an ethics violation, the board meets to hear both sides of the dispute in a confidential meeting. Their decisions are not binding on the parties, according to college policies. They are acting as
a peer review team.
Eileen is on a five-person team in her business strategy class. The team is responsible for participating in a 10-week simulation of a firm in the airline industry. Eileen contributes frequently in discussions in the twice-weekly team meetings. She is exhibiting the ______ style of listening.
active
Trained _________, typically from outside agencies, are versed in relevant laws and case precedents. The parties agree ahead of time to accept the decision of this neutral person in a formal setting, often complete with evidence and witnesses.
arbitrators
Dr. Beswick was writing questions for a test, but found herself listening to reggae music coming from an adjoining office, and thinking about her upcoming trip to the Caribbean. She is experiencing
attentional deficit.
Rebecca e-mailed a wedding invitation to her cousin Shawn. A few days later, she got a reply saying that he can't make it to the wedding because he will not be able to get any vacation. In the communication process, Shawn's reply is an example of
feedback.
A state of _____ exists when employees are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity or project.
flow
The concept of ________ is defined as a state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.
flow
Based on the contingency approach, to define performance _______ goals can be used in most jobs.
behavioral
The relationship between conflict intensity and performance outcomes can be described as
both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance.
Steve has been doing his own taxes for years and recently ran into a problem. He has asked his friend Joanne, an accountant, to go through the financial details with him. Steve needs
instrumental support.
Jennie and Lacey are having an argument. As Lacey speaks, Jennie crosses her arms and looks at the ground. Lacey gets the message even thought Jennie isn't saying anything. Jennie is using ________ in the conversation with Lacey.
nonverbal communication
An example of a(n) _____ goal is when Melissa's manager sets a goal for her to produce 16 widgets per hour.
objective
Jonathan is concerned about an important presentation that he will be making next week. He asks Roger to listen to it and give him feedback. He is in the ___________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
put it together
The perceptual model of communication depicts communication as a process in which
receivers create meaning in their own minds.
Armando has a goal of earning a B in his statistics course, but currently his grade is a C-. Therefore, he decides to study more hours for the next test and even get involved in a study group. Armando is experiencing
resilience.
Jackson and Samuel both work for XYZ Company, in different departments. They discover a common interest in classic cars, and on weekends often meet up at car shows. They are probably providing _______ to each other.
social companionship
Maria needs to talk to her coworker, Wayne, about his offensive behavior at the group dinner. To discuss this effectively, which of the following should Maria avoid?
Accuse Wayne of improper actions.
______ goals are most relevant for knowledge work.
Behavioral
______ is the richest form of communication.
Face-to-face exchanges
Crowdsourcing occurs when companies invite other employees to contribute to particular goals and manage that process via the Internet.
False
Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves but does not influence how we perceive the world.
False
Jamil is a new member of a group that evaluates student activities on campus. He wants to focus on bringing more foreign students into the mainstream activities. The president of the group seems to have her own ideas and virtually everyone supports her. When Jamil opposes one of her suggestions, everyone looks uncomfortable. This is an example of a psychological safety climate.
False
Negative feedback can have a positive motivational effect
False
The best thing a manager can do to create functional conflict is to urge coworkers to hunker down and slog through, to simply persist.
False
The most common response to incivility is that employees work harder to avoid its source.
False
Graham's team recently completed a project, and Graham has to provide feedback to the different team members. He is nervous about doing this the right way. Which of the following should Graham avoid?
He should use the feedback to punish ineffective team members.
Which of the following is true about in-group thinking?
In-group members exaggerate the differences between their group and other groups.
Which of the following tips should be used by managers to reduce personality conflict?
Investigate and document conflict among your own subordinates.
Dylan and Jack are playing a game of chess. Jack wins, and then he touches Dylan on the shoulder and says "good game." What does this communicate?
Jack likes Dylan.
___________ is defined as belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than yourself.
Meaningfulness
Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false?
Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.
Sanjay promotes the benefits of little or no conflict within an organization. This, he states, leads to greater productivity. Is this analysis correct?
No. Organizational conflict is inevitable and can have constructive consequences.
Which of the following statements about conflict is true?
Organizations can suffer from too little conflict.
Which of the following is not a result of escalation of conflict?
Parties move from heavy to light tactics.
Which of the following statements about incivility at work is false?
Personality is highly unlikely to be a source of incivility.
Justin is deciding whether he should read his speech, deliver it from memory, or use bullet lists of important points using PowerPoint. What step of the TED protocol for effective presentations is he in?
Plan your delivery.
_____ is the amount of perceived helpfulness derived from our relationships with others.
Social support
Xavier is creating a social media policy for OCA & Associates. He plans to: Outline consequences for violations. Align the policy with the organization's culture. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal. Clarify what is confidential. Designate a spokesperson for online policies. Which of these is not an element of an effective social media policy?
Stay away from defining what is considered illegal.
Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?
The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior.
An effective performance management system consists of four steps that form a feedback loop.
True
Linguistic style includes all of the following except
nonverbal behavior.
Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7 percent of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can buy a new car. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation?
It is extrinsically motivated.
We have the cognitive capacity to process words at a much higher rate than people speak. Which of the following can result from this?
We miss or lose some of what we hear.
The benefit of ________ is that it uses faster, more user-friendly methods of dispute resolution, instead of traditional, adversarial approaches, such as unilateral decision making or litigation.
alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
The styles of conflict handling are differentiated along two dimensions:
concern for others and concern for self.
When positive practices reduce the impact of negative events or stressors, a(n) _________ effect has occurred.
buffering
Janelle filled out a peer evaluation rating form for her teammates in her OB class. She rated everyone as a "3" or "4" on the 6-point scale. This is an example of ___________ perceptual error.
central tendency
Donna and Kim are both secretaries for the accounting department. Because someone must be present to answer the phones at all times, different times must be scheduled for each of them to go to lunch. Both of them want the time from noon to 1 p.m. Previous unsuccessful discussions have occurred, resulting in their not speaking to each other. Patti, who also works in the department, sits down separately with each of them to try to explore possible solutions, with the idea that if she can find common ground, they will again discuss alternative schedules face-to-face. Patti is acting as a(n)
conciliator.
If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a(n) _________ schedule is in effect.
continuous
Dr. Hogan carefully chose the final exams written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is an example of _________ perceptual error.
contrast effects
Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation?
conveying routine feedback
JM Video Games uses ________ to help design new products. It reviews proposed designs twice a year, and the winner of the design competition is awarded $2,500.
crowdsourcing
Some organizations block employees' access to social media sites. This can
damage employee morale and loyalty.
Laura is head of ABC Systems. She needs to allocate a fixed amount of funds to various projects. There are two top projects that Laura believes hold the most promise. She decides to arrange a structured debate for the two top proposals. Importantly, the assumptions of each proposal are identified, and a conflicting counterproposal is generated based on a different set of assumptions. Advocates of each position present and debate the merits of their proposal before Laura makes her decision. Which technique is Laura using to help her make a better decision?
dialectic method
Whalin Seafood Co. made a corporate commitment to sustainability, modifying the ways in which they purchase products. Two years ago, Whalin made a corporate commitment to local sourcing and saw their profits increase. This is an example of
doing well and doing good.
Ghandi stated, "If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have had it at the beginning." What emotion does this represent?
efficacy
The senior managers of Optimum Inc., a multinational information technology firm, were concerned that people were not buying their computers. They were shocked to hear of a salesperson recommending to customers to buy something other than an Optimum PC because they were of poor value. This small incident motivated the organization to conduct an extensive survey to understand real customer experience in order improve their products accordingly. This was an example of
evidence-based decision making.
Lenore has a fight with her best friend, Samantha, and doesn't want to speak to her. She unfriends her on social media. By doing this, Lenore is using _________, thereby removing consequences from an undesirable behavior.
extinction
Allen makes suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance can improve. Although his boss always compliments his ideas, he never acts on them. Allen then stops making suggestions. This is an example of
extinction.
Polly works as a bartender. A few people wave money at her so that she will serve them first. She finds this to be rude and, so, either ignores them or serves them last. People realize that Polly serves the people who wait politely first, and much of the rude behavior stops. Polly used the model of
extinction.
Norm and Quinn have been arguing over role responsibilities. The atmosphere in their small office is increasingly negative and tense. Petra, a manager from another department, informally urges them to deal directly with each other in a positive and constructive manner. This easy form of ADR is
facilitation.
Shaniah and Raoul have dinner at a trendy new restaurant. They have to wait for 30 minutes, despite being on time for their reservation. The hostess who seats them does not apologize for the delay. The food is wonderful but expensive, and the service is terrible. When they leave, they pick up their coats at the coat room. The attendant is polite, prompt, and remembers that they left a package with her as they were going into dinner. Despite this, Raoul leaves no tip. This is an example of the positivity spiral.
false
Mark, the business head of a firm, wanted to give New Year's gifts to his employees. He discussed this with his employees and decided to give leather computer bags. Mark stated that he did not want to give cheap bags, while a few employees said that they did not want exorbitantly priced designer name bags. Identify the step of added-value negotiation used in this situation.
identify options
Harriet works at Good Steaks, a local bar and restaurant. Her manager is always barking orders at her, saying she needs to move faster, be nicer to the customers, do her share, etc. Harriet starts to come in to work late, and tries to schedule shifts when the manager isn't in. She doesn't even smile at the customers much. Harriet is reacting to
incivility.
Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error.
leniency
A neutral and trained third party can guide others to find innovative solutions to conflict. To ensure neutrality, most organizations hired ADR qualified outsiders. In this case, a(n) _________ is one who does not render a decision. Rather, it is up to the parties to the conflict to reach a mutually acceptable decision.
mediator
Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his
mindfulness.
Dr. Watson, dean of students at ABC University, has been assigned the task of working with faculty and students when they have disputes about course grades. During these discussions, he attempts to help the parties arrange a solution but he has no formal authority to impose one. He is most likely a(n)
ombudsman.
Professor Marsden explains to the class that he wants the assigned paper submitted for review at several points in the research process. Lydia notes that she has to submit the paper multiple times. Marcy notes that the paper has to be reviewed before it is final. This reflects the ______ of communication.
perceptual model
The two basic types of goals are
performance and learning.
Two supervisors, Justin and Sean, are given instructions to trim their group size by two people. Justin's personality tends to favor people. He is generally more sensitive to people, and is a thoughtful supervisor. Sean is just the opposite. He is more concerned with group production, and considers people's feelings secondary to the work. Hence their approaches in trimming their teams are different. They can't see each other's point of view and leave the discussion thinking ill of each other. Which of the following types of conflict are Justin and Sean experiencing?
personality conflict
Prosocial behaviors are
positive acts performed without expecting anything in return.
Matt completes his assignments on time. His teacher said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before the due date. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time?
positive reinforcement
During a class lecture, Mike finds himself thinking about an argument he had last night with his girlfriend. Mike is displaying
rumination.
Dr. Beswick enjoys teaching college courses. She likes the salary as well as the ability to travel in summers. However, she also finds the job challenging and enjoyable. This would imply that she is working for
total rewards.
To manage e-mail effectively, an employee should
use a spell checker.
Sharon has to train several new freelancers on a fairly simple computer system used by XYZ Company. The freelancers are located in different states. Which of the following mediums best serves her purpose?
webinars
Which of the following is not a factor in media richness?
whether a medium involves electronic methods
