Business Administration 141 - Chapter 8 Questions

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture?

More positive work attitudes in clan cultures Better financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures Higher market share in clan and market cultures

What is the BEST example of a mutual-benefit organization?

Labor union

Managers taking a contingency approach to organizational design should consider which three things in determining the optimal structure for the organization?

Mechanistic vs. organic environment Differentiation vs. integration environment Link between strategy, structure and culture

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

Who reports to whom Who specializes in what work

Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a(n) _____ culture.

clan

In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being.

common purpose

The ________ approach to management emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation.

contingency

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization?

Decorations Rituals Awards

_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

Differentiation

Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?

creating structures of accountability and responsibility creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is.

differentiated

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to:

encourage employee productivity send a strong message about the culture

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as _____.

person-organization fit

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

A company's _____ is the large-scale action plan that encompasses the company's vision and is used to create the direction for the business.

strategy

The formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization's members to achieve the company's goals is called the organizational _____.

structure

In order to implement a particular organizational strategy, managers must determine the right kind of organizational: (select all that apply)

structure. culture.

In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.

tall

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations?

the BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees a crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat

Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true?

this design is also called a team-based design internal boundaries are broken down workgroups are used to improve collaboration

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure? (Select all that apply.)

Authority in a single person A flat hierarchy Low work specialization

Match each way to become more adaptable with its correct description.

Focus on being optimistic = view work or career changes as challenges to be overcome Display a proactive learning orientation = reflects your desire to learn and improve other career readiness competencies Be more resourceful = look for solutions to challenges, rather than problems Take ownership and accept responsibility = avoid holding grudges when you are wrong. Instead - absorb, learn, understand, and move on. Expand your perspective by asking different questions = try thinking about thinks such as "what surprised me about this situation?" or "What data might I be ignoring?"

Match the type of organization with its description.

For-profit = formed to make money by offering products or services Nonprofit = formed to offer services to clients rather than make money Mutual-benefit organization = voluntary collective formed to advance members' interests

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

Formal statements

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions.

Horizontal = Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers. Vertical = Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control.

Which of the following occurs in the horizontal organizational design?

Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.

Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries.

Virtual Modular Hollow

Match the company with the organizational culture issues it has faced in recent years.

Zenefits = After the company faced lawsuits, one of the organization's directors sent a memo to employees asking that they discontinue using company headquarters stairwells for smoking, drinking, and sex. Volkswagen = Admitted in 2015 that it had engaged in fraudulent behavior by cheating on vehicle emission tests. Mitsubishi = Acknowledged that company engineers had been intentionally manipulating fuel-economy tests for 25 years.

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture?

activities processes outcomes

Personal ___________ is defined as the ability and willingness to adapt to changing situations

adaptability

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

boundaryless

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.

flattened

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.

hierarchical

The three types of organizational design are:

horizontal traditional open boundaries

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes,or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.

mechanistic

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization.

mechanistic

Organizational structure:

must be aligned with the organization's vision, strategies, and culture

In organizational culture, a story is a(n)

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.

Symbols in organizational culture represent

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____.

observable artifacts

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

physical design

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites and rituals

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture?

role modeling coaching training

Some workplaces now reflect a culture of "radical candor" which means that employees are encouraged to __________.

say what's on their minds regardless of the consequences is concerned with who reports to whom in the organization and who specializes in what work

Organizational culture:

significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring helps employees understand why the organization does what it does is the social glue that binds members of the organization together represents beliefs and values shared among workers

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.

simple structure

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to _____.

span of control

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?

status symbols rewards

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.