Business Ethics 2

Suppose a politician is in charge spending public funds. He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve. In this case, the company benefits, and in exchange for betraying the public, the official receives an amount of money, which is a portion of the sum the company received. This sum itself may be all or a portion of the difference between the actual (inflated) payment to the company and the (lower) market-based price that would have been paid had the bidding been competitive. This is an example of:

a kickback.

Brenda has been working as a biochemist in a pharmaceutical company for the past five years. She is handsomely compensated and has been awarded for her contribution to the organization. One day she is summoned by her director and told that the organization no longer requires her services. She is dismissed from her job without any reason. This is an example of:

at-will employment.

Russell is a travel enthusiast. He dropped out early from school and did odd jobs. Later, when he decided to get married he decided that he needed to have a stable job, and became a tour guide. When Russell and his wife wanted to start a family, Russell realized that he needed a job which allowed him time beyond work hours so he could spend time with his family. When he was offered the job of teaching geography at the local elementary school, he gladly took it. The above instance serves as an example of:

career sequencing

Kate is an assistant director in an organization that provides HR services to corporate houses. Kate resigns from the organization and forms her own consultancy group providing HR services to corporate houses. Among the corporate houses are those that had been formerly availing the services of the organization she had been working in. This is an example of:

client adoption.

The idea that defines _____ is that it sets a specific purpose before everything else.

meaningful work

An organization rewards good performances by its employees by offering them paid sabbaticals. This is an example of:

work incentive.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, time abuse?

It refers to the use of company working hours for activities unrelated to work, including looking for a job elsewhere.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "meaningful work"?

It refers to the work that holds significance apart from a nine-to-five life and distinct from paying the bills.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "instrumentalism"?

It refers to treating a job as valueless in itself, and as an instrument to do or attain something else.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, tattling?

It refers to using a third-party obligation as an excuse for sabotaging a workmate.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, weaponized ethics?

It refers to using ethical rules against the interests of others for personal gain.

_____ refers to experimenting with work first and then deciding on a path instead of doing all the ethical considering up front.

Job hopping

_____, in the case of hiring, refers to granting favored status to family members.

Nepotism

_____ refers to an employee's work performance judged by predicting how well future, usually distinct, tasks will be accomplished.

Projected performance

The _____ refers to an act passed in 2002 by the federal government, the legislation that regulates some businesses' finances and transparency.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act

A motorist is caught for driving over the speed limit. The motorist offers ten dollars to the police officer and requests him not to issue a ticket for speeding. This is an example of:

a bribe.

_____ refers to a measure of how well an employee is performing the duties of the job.

Work performance

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, value to the organization?

It refers to a measure of an employee's worth in terms of how much of the company's profit the employee generates.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "power"?

It refers to a part of a job, the ability to directly control or significantly influence others.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, third party?

It refers to a person exposed to, and caught up in a situation of conflict or ethical tension between others.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, bribe?

It refers to something of value given to an individual to corrupt his or her professional judgment.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "exploitation of workers"?

It refers to taking advantage of individuals' economic or social conditions to acquire their labor at a low cost.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, internship?

It refers to a low-paying post workers accept to gain valuable experience.

_____ refers to a clause wherein employees promise not to share certain information with those outside the organization.

Confidentiality clause

"_____" is the alternative term for "comfort" that is used by the Wall Street Journal as one of the factors to grade jobs.

Environment

_____ refers to a situation where work becomes a tool allowing an individual to get or do something else.

Instrumentalism

A trucking company requires employees to drive in excess of OSHA's hours-of-service regulations, a law designed to prevent accidents resulting from driver fatigue. An employee of the trucking company notifies OSHA about this practice. This is an example of:

whistleblowing.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, client adoption?

It refers to a situation where an employee moves to a new organization and helps it appropriate the former organization's customer base.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, market adoption?

It refers to a situation where an employee moves to a new organization and helps it appropriate the former organization's market segment.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "comfort"?

It refers to the physical and emotional ease of a job.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, community wage level?

It refers to the standard range of wages paid at a location, usually across a city or a region.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "leisure time"?

It refers to the time separated from work life and its concerns.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, manager's duty to the organization?

It refers to the manager's ethical responsibility to protect the interests of the organization.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, seniority?

It refers to the measure of how long an employee has been laboring in an organization.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, balanced loyalty?

It refers a situation where an employee feels that the organization's existence and goals are important and independent of the employee's welfare, but the employee's welfare is also important and independent of organization's existence and goals.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, notice?

It refers to a document informing an employer of plans to resign.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "prestige"?

It refers to a job-related value, the admiration others feel for you because of the work you do.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, actual conflict of interest? WRONG

It refers to a situation when a reasonable person will conclude from the circumstances that the employee's ability to perform his or her duties may be compromised by personal interest.

The city council has to decide on a company to award a contract for laying road tracks. Michael owns a company which lays roads. One of the members of the city council is Joe, who happens to be Michael's brother. It would not be illegal to award such a contract to the best qualified company, even if that company were owned by a relative, as long as the councilman himself was not a part of the decision making process. As far as the councilman is concerned, this is an example of:

conflict of interest.

Patricia Caulfield took a picture of flowers for a photography magazine and had it publicly registered. Andy Warhol covered the walls of Leo Castelli's New York gallery in 1964 with silk-screened reproductions of Caulfield's photograph. After seeing a poster of her work in a bookstore, Caulfield claimed ownership of the image. This is an example of:

copyright violation.

The Galapagos Islands is a small and relatively indigent region. Locals struggle to make ends meet and provide for their families. Residing within one of the world's premier tropical locations, and having their waters as part of a protected marine sanctuary, they find themselves under the lens of many, much larger "power-players" who offer them large sums of money when requesting illegal, black-market poaching and exportation of protected animals like shark fins, sea cucumbers, sea lions, seahorses and more. This is an example of:

environmental exploitation.

An individual buys a holiday trip from a travel company. The company advises him to buy travel insurance from them too. The company sells the additional product in a way that makes the consumer think that he has no choice but to buy it. This is an example of:

environmental of consumers.

Jennifer is an advertisement professional who works for an advertising firm. She also freelances after office hours. Jennifer uses the office printer to take printouts for her personal work, and makes use of the laptop provided to her by the organization to work on her freelance projects. This is an example of:

equipment-use abuse.

In Australia, there are 300,000 people making clothes for major retailers, designers and suppliers of school uniforms, who work for between $2 and $3 an hour. Their basic rights are being violated. They work in sweatshops, are poorly paid and work under adverse conditions. This is an example of:

exploitation of workers.

Beyonce has been working as a biochemist in a pharmaceutical company for the last five years. She is well compensated and has been awarded for her contribution to the organization. When she receives a better offer from another organization, she immediately leaves her current organization and joins the new one. She does that despite knowing that her resignation would affect the functioning of the organization. Her own interest is her topmost priority. This is an example of:

free agency.

Renee works in a local bakery. The bakery is famous for its apple cakes, and claims to have a secret recipe for these apple cakes. Soon Renee resigns and joins another bakery. She passes on the secret recipe to her current employer. This is an example of:

idea appropriation.

Meg is a doctor by profession, but her real interest lies in water surfing. She limits the time that she spends as a medical professional, and tries to earn enough that would enable her to pursue her interest in water surfing. Meg's attitude serves as an example of:

instrumentalism.

Susan and Michelle have been caught stealing office stationery. They are subsequently charged and then dismissed from their jobs. This is an example of:

just-cause firing.

Brad is a professional photographer and travels frequently. Despite his busy schedule he makes it a point to be home every evening in order to spend quality time with his family. He also plays basketball and tries to make it to the court at least thrice a week. The efforts made by Brad are an example of the pursuit of:

leisure time.

In an organization manufacturing soccer balls, the management declared that the salary of the employees would be determined by the number of soccer balls produced by each employee in a day. The result was that the production of the soccer balls went up but the quality of the balls took a downward plunge. This is an example of:

perverse incentive.

Sally wants to be a fire-fighter. She wants to enjoy the respect that a fire-fighter enjoys in the local community, and earn the admiration of her family and friends. Sally's wish to be a firefighter serves as an example of the pursuit of:

prestige.

Janice works in a boutique hotel as a culinary assistant. She undergoes training that is sponsored by the hotel, to enhance her culinary skills. After the training, Janice leaves her job to join a rival hotel. As per the agreement with the boutique hotel, Megan has to return the sponsorship amount related to the training program. This is an example of:

repayment clause.

Susan and Michelle plan to steal office stationery, sell it, and keep the profits. John overhears their plans and immediately reports what he heard to an authoritative figure in the organization. This is an example of:

reporting

Leonardo is an accountant in a federal office. The pay is not high but unlike other corporate jobs there are minimal chances of losing this job in case there is a recession round the corner. When he is offered a job in one of the biggest financial houses, with a good pay package, he refuses to join the organization. Leonardo's career choice is an example of the pursuit of:

security

Jason has been working in a software organization for the last fifteen years. The number of years that Jason has labored in the organization is an example of _____.

seniority

Tom is a teacher in a community school. He is absent from his classes at the community school a lot of the time, and spends this time visiting job consultancies to look for another job. This is an example of:

time abuse.

Harland David "Colonel" Sanders is an American fast food businessman who founded the Kentucky Fried Chicken company, now re-branded as KFC. He developed his secret recipe for frying chicken in a pressure fryer that cooked the chicken much faster than pan frying. This recipe is the sole preserve of the KFC. This is an example of a(n) :

trade secret.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, whistleblowing?

It refers to bringing to light outside the organization, information about misdeeds by the organization or by an individual within the organization.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "money"?

It refers to the tool for evaluating jobs that is salary and monetary benefits including health insurance.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "career sequencing"?

It refers to defining the zones of one's life and evaluating each separately in terms of work priorities, aspirations, values, and kinds of jobs sought.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, employee misbehavior?

It refers to employee actions that break the organization's rules or norms.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, patented information?

It refers to an idea or information belonging to a company and protected from use by others by being publicly registered.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, behavioral interview?

It refers to an interview situation where the applicants are asked to talk about how they have responded to specific—generally stressful—situations.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, internal public job announcements?

It refers to announcing an open position only to individuals already closely linked to an organization.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, mass public job announcements?

It refers to announcing an open position widely and indiscriminately with the idea of maximizing knowledge of the available post and applications for it.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, skill tests?

It refers to applicant tests that reproduce jobs tasks.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, applicant testing?

It refers to applying exams that are designed to predict an applicant's success in a post.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, reporting?

It refers to bringing to light only within the organization, information about misdeeds by the organization or by an individual within the organization.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, free agency?

It refers to a situation where an employee feels that the organization's existence and goals are important only insofar as they serve the employee's welfare and interests.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, broad company loyalty?

It refers to a situation where an employee has the conviction that an organization—it's ideals and actions—has intrinsic value distinct from its ability to serve the employee's interests by providing a paycheck and associated benefits.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, narrow company loyalty?

It refers to a situation where an employee is willing to stick with an employer instead of seeking work elsewhere.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, obedience loyalty?

It refers to a situation where an employee's feels that the organization's existence and goals are far more important than his or her own welfare.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, appearance of a conflict of interest? WRONG

It refers to a situation where the anxiety of the workday in a job consistently washes over into the employee's nonwork life.It refers to a situation, especially as a result of being offered a gift, where an employee's personal welfare may corrupt his or her ability to serve the employer's interest.It refers to a situation where an employee has the conviction that an organization—it's ideals and actions—has intrinsic value distinct from its ability to serve the employee's interests by providing a paycheck and associated benefits.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, high stress job?

It refers to a situation where the anxiety of the workday of a job consistently washes over into the employee's nonwork life.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, perverse incentive?

It refers to a structure for determining salary increases that encourages work that is less effective, less efficient, or both.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, kickback? WRONG

It refers to a system of payment for the temporary use of something owned by someone else.It refers to a part of a contractually due sum that is paid in advance for services to be rendered.It refers to a sum of money offered by hiring firms if the hired joins the company from a rival firm.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, personal slacker?

It refers to an employee dedicated to doing the least work possible and who adopts the attitude for his or her own reasons.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, "context slacker?"

It refers to an employee dedicated to doing the least work possible because the incentive system of the labor contract—or some other external factor—encourages the attitude.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, bona fide occupational qualifications?

It refers to exceptions granted to equal opportunity requirements when a specific qualification is essential to the job.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, fair questioning?

It refers to interview questions where all applicants for a post are asked similar and similarly challenging questions.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, pertinent interview questions?

It refers to interview questions where the applicants are asked questions relating to job performance.

Which of the following statements holds true for dubious corporate missions and connections?

It refers to organizational activities directly or indirectly producing ethical concerns.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, honesty tests?

It refers to psychological tests attempting to measure honesty.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, drug tests?

It refers to questioning about and testing for illegal drug usage.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, applicant screening?

It refers to reducing a large pool of applicants to a manageable selection for serious consideration.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, educational screening?

It refers to screening job applications by eliminating those not meeting educational requirements.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, high-risk lifestyle screening?

It refers to screening job applications by eliminating those whose lifestyles pose risks to work performance.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, criminal record screening?

It refers to screening job applications by eliminating those whose past offenses suggest risks in performing job duties.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, social media screening?

It refers to screening out job applications whose internet-based communications suggest irresponsibility or unfitness for a post.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, third-party obligation?

It refers to situation where someone other than the principals who are involved in a transaction has the obligation to respond to an ethical tension directly caused by others.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, "agent?"

It refers to someone acting on behalf of an organization and its interests.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "exploitation of consumers"?

It refers to taking advantage of the end users' conditions or knowledge to market products that fail to serve the end users' interests

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, idea appropriation?

It refers to taking ideas belonging to an organization and using them for your own benefit.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, skill theft?

It refers to taking specific, job-related abilities acquired at one organization to another, especially a competitor.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, intelligence quotient testing?

It refers to testing a job applicant for cognitive efficiency.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, medical tests?

It refers to testing for specific health problems that may impede work performance.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, repayment clause?

It refers to the contractual stipulation that departing employees may be billed for their training if the departure occurs before the employer has recouped the cost of the training.

Which of the following statements holds true for the concept of "security"?

It refers to the degree to which a job guarantees continuity and stability of employment.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, just-cause firing?

It refers to the doctrine that employers have a responsibility to demonstrate that dismissed workers were failing to fulfill their duties adequately.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, accomplishment promotions?

It refers to the elevations scheduled for workers attaining specific, predetermined goals.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, competitive promotions?

It refers to the elevations won when a worker is selected from among peers to receive a higher post.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, at-will employment?

It refers to the employer's right to fire any employee at any time for any reason or for no reason whatsoever.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, trade secret?

It refers to the hidden ideas, technologies, and business strategies owned and maintained by an organization.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, rank and yank?

It refers to the management practice of grading employee performance and dismissing those near the bottom even when they are fulfilling their duties adequately.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, manager's duty to the employee?

It refers to the manager's ethical responsibility to protect the interests of his or her employees.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, wage confidentiality?

It refers to the policy that salaries of employees within an organization will not be disclosed to third parties.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, organizational wage level?

It refers to the salary range a company sets for its employees, independent of the community wage level and wages as set by other, competing companies.

Which of the following statements holds true for the term, equipment-use abuse?

It refers to the use of an organization's tools and resources for activities unrelated to work, including looking for a job elsewhere.

Napoleon Bonaparte was Emperor of France from 1804 to 1815. He is best remembered for his role in the Napoleonic Wars, during which he established hegemony over most of continental Europe. He also sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed ancient regime. For Napoleon Bonaparte the wars that he waged to establish his supremacy over others was an example of the pursuit of:

Power.

Nike introduced auto-lacing sneakers in the market in 2009. The shoes have a charging system and lights in addition to the lacing component. The sneakers cannot be copied and marketed by any other organization as they are protected by law. This is an example of:

a patent.

Mark works for an automobile company. He is satisfied with the working conditions and the pay packet that he receives. He does not look for work elsewhere, and his loyalty does not go beyond employment questions. There is no willingness on his part to sacrifice income, leisure time, personal relationships', family responsibilities, and general life aspirations for the organization. This is an example of WRONG :

balanced loyalty.

Tim wants to pursue teaching as a career. He prefers teaching because it is decent paying and does not entail any kind of traveling. The examination system is computerized and he is not required to do any sort of paper correction. Tim's choice of job is an example of the pursuit of:

comfort.

ABC Family is a television network. It offers contemporary and family programming. Suppose the producers of this organization join a rival organization and help it target and corner a big chunk of the family segment which till then had been the sole preserve of the ABC family, this would be an example of:

market adoption.

Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India in 1950. At an early age she was convinced that she should commit herself to a religious life. For over 45 years she ministered in her own way to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Missionaries of Charity's expansion, first throughout India and then in other countries. For Mother Teresa the efforts she made to help the poorest of the poor was an example of the pursuit of:

meaningful work.

Scarlett is a financial analyst who works for a big firm. She is not happy with her job. She does not want to quit because the job gives her a six figure salary. She also earns a yearly bonus. She has invested in the organization that she works in which pays her a handsome amount. Scarlett's career choice is an example of the pursuit of:

money

Miller has been working as the chief car designer in an automobile company for the last six years. He is handsomely compensated and has been rewarded for his contribution to the organization. He receives a better offer from another organization, but does not leave his current organization. He feels his resignation would adversely affect the functioning of the organization. The existence and goals of the organization are his topmost priority. This is an example of:

obedience loyalty.

Megan works in a five star hotel as an assistant chef. The hotel sponsors a training course for her to enhance her culinary skills. Soon after the course is over Megan resign and joins a rival hotel for a higher pay packet. This is an example of:

skill theft.

Suppose a politician is in charge to spending public funds. He can give a contract to a company that is not the best bidder, or allocate more than they deserve. In this case, the company benefits, and in exchange for betraying the public, the official receives an amount of money, which is a portion of the sum the company received. A rival politician comes to know about this. He plans an exposure not for the public good but to defame the guilty party and win the votes of the electorate. This is an example of:

tattling