Business Ethics ch 5

How do ethical business practices impact the sentencing of an employee convicted of criminal activity, according to the U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines?

The degree of blame is calculated based on how strong the firm's ethical policies are.

A high magnitude of consequences that increases the moral intensity of an ethical issue is best exemplified by which of the following?

A food product contaminated with salmonella was distributed to stores.

As a factor of moral intensity, how does the proximity of an issue affect the decision maker?

The greater the empathy, the higher the intensity.

As spirituality in the workplace has increased, how have some organizations responded?

created ways to allow for religious diversity and expression at work

Aristotle argued

moral virtue is a mean between two vices.

Which age groups within the stages of moral development apply egocentric reasoning?

childhood, youth

Mature adults typically base their ethical reasoning on broad principles and relationships such as

Both "human rights and constitutional guarantees of human dignity" and "universal principles of justice, such as equal treatment" are correct.

recent study found that, compared to the 1980s, managers today place what level of importance on moral values, such as honesty and forgiveness?

slightly more important

A conception of right and wrong is

the definition of ethics.

People's ethical principles come from

their religious background, family, and education.

In early adulthood, young people can improve their level of moral reasoning by

learning the give-and-take of group life.

At the core of rights reasoning is the belief that

respecting others is the essence of human rights.

A just or fair ethical decision occurs when

benefits and burdens are distributed in fair proportions.

How would a manager at moral reasoning level 4, full adulthood, likely respond to a new government regulation?

comply with the law

A purchasing agent giving an exclusive contract to a supplier, from which she received a valuable gift, is an example of

conflict of interest.

Businesses are expected to be ethical in their relationships with

customers. competitors. stockholders. Answer: all of these choices are correct

Cross-cultural contradictions arise due to

differences between home and host countries' ethical standards

The main drawback to utilitarian reasoning is that

it is difficult to accurately measure both costs and benefits.

When the benefits of an action outweigh its costs, the action is considered ethically preferred according to

utilitarian reasoning

Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, corporations are required to

have executives vouch for the accuracy of a firm's financial reports.

Business managers need a set of ethical guidelines to help them

identify and analyze the nature of an ethical problem.

An ethics issue based on cross-cultural contradictions is best illustrated by which example?

legally marketing a pesticide abroad that has been banned in the United States

Which factor of moral intensity likely played the biggest role in 3M's response to FEMA's request, according to the case "3M and N95 Respirators for Americans"?

magnitude

The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical decision is(are) that different people and groups

may not share the same meaning of justice. may use different sources of information. may rank various rights in different ways. Answer: all of these are correct

According to an annual Gallup poll, which occupation was consistently ranked the highest for honesty and ethics?

nurses

Why is it important for an ethical decision maker to consider the probability that the action will lead to the consequences predicted?

to mitigate the likelihood of harm

What normative reason is there for business to be ethical, according to Figure 5.1?

to promote personal morality