Business MGMT Midterm
Which is the best conflict management style to use when the issues are not important to you, when your knowledge is limited, and when there is a long-term give and take?
Accommodation
___________aims at correcting past injustice and imbalance through direct action aimed at increasing the number of members of under-represented groups. Discrimination Equal employment opportunity Affirmative action Managerial bias
Affirmative action
In negotiation, BATNA stands for
Best Alternative To Negotiated Agreement
Which one of the following is not one of the reasons why managing diversity is important? Corporations have a social responsibility to all their stakeholders. Social justice and equity are essential to business and society. Businesses must focus on their shareholders. Organizations need to recruit broadly because talent is diverse .
Businesses must focus on their shareholders.
Which is the best conflict management style to use when the issues are complex, commitment is needed, and long-term solutions are needed?
Collaboration
Which of the following is not one of the ways we can better manage our biases? Create cohesive groups where members will critique and support one another. Develop knowledge and awareness of perceptual processes. Seek information and advice from experts. Set up and use objective criteria and data as often as possible.
Create cohesive groups where members will critique and support one another.
___________________ occurs when group members reject peripheral norms but accept central ones.
Creative individualism
The key to effective persuasive communication is ______________.
Credibility
is a set of beliefs and values shared by members of a given group. Culture Ethnicity Kinship Nationality
Culture
The idea of culture-as-meta-context (CMC) suggests that: Culture is a higher order construct that frames how we view the world and guides our thinking and behavior. All context is cultural Meta-cognition is the key element of culture. Context can be used to guide behavior or can be used stereotype people when we encounter familiar situations.
Culture is a higher order construct that frames how we view the world and guides our thinking and behavior.
Change that seeks a whole new strategies, structures or configurations is called ______________.
Discontinuous
In order to help diverse teams become effective, managers should do all but one of the following:
Encourage the team members to select members who are similar to them
___________________ theories are those that we think we believe in.
Espoused theories
A tendency to over-emphasize either early information or most recent information is called recency. Selected Answer: True Answers: True False
False
Any level of stress is detrimental to individuals and organizations.
False
Authentic leadership research has shown that being authentic is enough for leaders to be effective.
False
The primary focus of stress management should be to remove as many stressors as possible.
False
True or False. A tendency to over-emphasize either early information or most recent information is called recency.
False
True or False. All things considered, Type As are better leaders than Type B because they plan more.
False
True or False. Because System II is a more careful way to process information, we should always try to use it rather than System I
False
True or False. Because the Big Five personality assessment is well developed, managers can safely use it to make organizational decisions.
False
True or False. Because the large majority of the labor force is from two generations, managers need not worry about generational differences when managing their employees.
False
True or False. Closure is the process of finishing our thoughts before we express our feelings.
False
True or False. Diversity practices tend to benefit women and minorities more than other groups.
False
True or False. IQ tends to be more important to managerial effectiveness than emotional intelligence (EQ).
False
True or False. Most managers have jobs that provide them with time to think and develop careful reports
False
True or False. One of the characteristics of culture is that it can change quickly as a result of drastic events.
False
True or False. Researcher J. Pfeffer suggests that in order to deal with a stressful workplace, people should simply look for other less stressful jobs.
False
True or False. Social perception is less subject to error and biases than perception.
False
True or False. Stress is primarily psychological distress due to life stressors.
False
True or False. Studies on diversity have shown that as long as people have good intentions and are not biased, it is not essential that organizations reflect the diversity of their community or the world at large.
False
True or False. The concept of Culture-Just-Is refers to the fact that some cultures are just better than others.
False
True or False. The most important part of developing a cultural mindset is learning about other people's culture and how it impacts their behavior.
False
True or False. The pay gap between white men and women and minorities is steadily closing and is all but disappeared in many sectors and countries.
False
True or False. The primary solution to addressing discrimination and systemic inequalities is for women and members of under-represented groups to speak out and demand their rights.
False
True or False. The three types of skills that managers need are technical, interpersonal, and cognitive.
False
True or False. There are as many countries as there are cultures in the world.
False
True or False. We can learn most of what we need to know about a culture by looking at people's behaviors and traditions.
False
True or false. An effective manager is one who leans to avoid using heuristics and biases and makes decisions only based on facts.
False
True or false. The inverted U function that describes the effect of stress shows that high, but not low stress can affect performance negatively
False
True or false. The pay gap between white men and women and members of under-represented groups is steadily closing and is all but disappeared in many sectors and countries .
False
True or flase. The pay gap between white men and women and under-represented groups is steadily closing and is all but disappeared in many sectors and countries .
False
True or False. Race and culture are basically the same thing.
False.
Which of the following does not build cohesion?
Having a large number of group members
Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's dimensions of culture? Masculinity Power distance Collectivism Humane orientation
Humane orientation
Which of the following is not a characteristic of dialogue?
It requires little commitment
Which of the following is not one of the ways you can enhance your personal creativity?
Keep things lose and disorganized
According to the video by Lipman-Blumen, which one of the following is not true about toxic leaders ?
Leaders are labeled toxic when they are tough and demanding.
Which one of the following is not part of the current trends that impact the job managers? a.Local decision making b.Quality focus c.Globalization d.Evidence-based decision making
Local decision making
The perceptual exercises we did in class demonstrate: Some people are better at reading their environment than others . That we can be correct when we try hard enough. Culture impacts our perception of events. Our perception is subject to bias.
Our perception is subject to bias.
__________is an emotional response and judgment of a social group, whereas ________________ refers to behaviors and actions. Prejudice/discrimination Diversity training/organizational policies Equal opportunity/Affirmative action Attitudes/affirmative action
Prejudice/discrimination
The most important part of effective negotiations is _________________.
Preparation
Which one of the following is not one of the characteristics of creative people.
Procrastination
______________ occurs when individuals work harder in the presence of others.
Social facilitation
______________ involves working less when your individual contributions cannot be measured.
Social loafing
___________________ occurs when group members reject central norms but accept peripheral ones
Subversive rebellion
_______________ theories are those that actually govern our actions.
Theories -in-use
Organizational strategies for helping employees manage stress include fitting jobs to employee needs.
True
Teams are best used when the task is complex, there is some time, and commitment is needed.
True
True or False. A cultural mindset an awareness of the presence, manifestation, expression and impact of culture in all aspects of life.
True
True or False. According the research by the National Geographic, the world's typical person is a Chinese male.
True
True or False. According to Mary Parker Follet (presented in the video), managers should focus on people and groups to be effective.
True
True or False. All else being equal, we pay attention to cues that are novel, unusual, brighter, more dynamic or noisier than others
True
True or False. Another term for situational attributions is external attributions.
True
True or False. Culture is both stable and hard to change and dynamic.
True
True or False. Culture-Just-Is (CJI) refers to all cultures having equal value as they all provide a group of people with ways of addressing their environment.
True
True or False. Culture-as-meta-context means that culture guides a person's perception, thinking and behavior .
True
True or False. Happiness is an example of a terminal value.
True
True or False. Modern management and OB are increasingly moving away from control and toward focusing on results.
True
True or False. Modern management does not look for simplistic answers, but rather takes on a contingency view.
True
True or False. Most leaders are to some extent narcissistic.
True
True or False. Most of or biases are caused by our unconscious need to be efficient.
True
True or False. Most of our biases are caused by our subconscious need to be efficient.
True
True or False. Most of our biases are caused by our unconscious need to be efficient.
True
True or False. Narcissistic leaders tend to be pre-occupied with power.
True
True or False. One of the key individual factors in stress is positive and negative changes and life events
True
True or False. Our perception process involves the processes we use to understand our environment.
True
True or False. Perceptual filters help us keep out irrelevant and undesirable information.
True
True or False. Race is a socially constructed concept used to describe superficial differences among people and does not have biological significance.
True
True or False. Research about the impact of extended leave shows that those who take extended breaks from working to raise their families can experience up to a 40% reduction in their wages throughout their career.
True
True or False. Schemas are mental patterns that we use to understand situations and events.
True
True or False. Self-awareness is one of the components of a cultural mindset.
True
True or False. Studies show that many managers are less likely to call back and offer jobs to candidates who have taken an extended break from working.
True
True or False. The three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome are alarm, resistance, and resilience.
True
True or False. Theory X tends to view workers as lazy, uninvolved, and motivated solely by money.
True
True or False. We grow and learn he most when we move outside our zones of comfort.
True
True or false. According to Mary Parker Follet (presented in the video about the history of management), managers should focus on people and groups to be effective.
True
True or false. Implicit bias refers to biases that are activated without our conscious knowledge and that operate outside of our control.
True
True or false. One of the dangers of learning about cultural values is the tendency to over-generalize.
True
True or false. The glass ceiling refers to invisible barriers the prevent individuals from moving to the highest levels of organizations.
True
True or false. The three traits that make up the Dark Triad all point to a person who can be charming, but is self-promoting and self-focused without concern for others
True
True or false. Typical gender stereotypes associate leadership and power with males.
True
True or false. Using System II thinking and processes in routine situations would be wasteful.
True
Which of the following is not one of the actual causes of for gender inequality in leadership and organizations? Continued gender stereotypes held by organizational leaders Women still carry a heavy burden of childcare and household work. Structural barriers due to traditional practices Women are less interested in corporate careers.
Women are less interested in corporate careers.
When discussing gender, the double-bind specifically refers to: Women caught between the impossible choice of either being liked or being competent. Men and women holding stereotypes that bind them. Institutional sexism and the glass ceiling. The fact that women are more educated than men, but are not in leadership positions as often.
Women caught between the impossible choice of either being liked or being competent.
The idea of culture-as-meta-context (CMC) suggest that: a.Culture is a higher order construct that frames how we view the world and guides our thinking and behavior. b.All context is cultural c.Meta-cognition is the key element of culture. d.Context can be used to guide behavior or can be used stereotype people when we encounter familiar situations
a. Culture is a higher order construct that frames how we view the world and guides our thinking and behavior.
Which one of the following is not one of the conclusions of the Hawthorne effect? a.It is essential to build cooperation among organizational subunits b.They showed that human behavior and motivation is complex c.They found that people change their behavior when they know they are being observed. d.They concluded that human relationships influenced the behavior of workers
a. It is essential to build cooperation among organizational subunits
___________aims at correcting past injustice and imbalance through direct action aimed at increasing the number of members of minority groups or women. a.Affirmative action b.Managerial bias c.Discrimination d.Equal employment opportunity
a.Affirmative action
The combination of psychopathy, machiavallianism and narcissism is known as ____________. a.Dark triad b.poor leadership c.leadership trio d.destructive leadership
a.Dark triad
According to the video about cross-cultural communication a.Each culture has different ideas of what is accepted and familiar. b.Basic communication is the same across cultures. c.Non-verbal behavior is hard to read. d.Some cultures have deeper roots than others.
a.Each culture has different ideas of what is accepted and familiar.
A person with a cultural mindset will do all but one of the following. a.Focus on other people's culture rather than their own. b.Be proactive in considering culture in decision making. c.Be able to adopt multiple cultural lenses. d.Have self-awareness of their own culture.
a.Focus on other people's culture rather than their own.
_________is the extent to which cultures, societies, and economies are interconnected and integrated . a.Globalization b.Corporate social responsibility c.Sustainability d.Positive management
a.Globalization
Which one of the following is not a characteristic of System II thinking? a.Impulsive b.Deliberate c.Slow d.Effective
a.Impulsive
Which one of the following is not part of administrative principles proposed by Henri Fayol (from video)? a.Managers must be considerate of their employees. b.Efficiency is important. c.There must be unity of command. d.Division of labor is essential.
a.Managers must be considerate of their employees.
Today's organizations face constant and often drastic change. Which of the following is not one of the drivers of that change? a.Managers' desire for quality and efficiency. b.Increased globalization c.Demographic changes d.Employee expectations
a.Managers' desire for quality and efficiency.
According to the article about the impact of the pandemic, which one of the following is one of the changes we could see in organizations? a.Personal relationships and connections become even more essential. b.We are likely to have more meetings. c.Business travel could be the new status symbol. d.There are likely to be many more middle management positions to help monitor remote workers.
a.Personal relationships and connections become even more essential.
Which one of the following is not one of the characteristics of culture? a.Some cultures are more powerful than others. b.It is transferred from one member to another. c.It affects both thinking and behavior d.It is shared by group members.
a.Some cultures are more powerful than others.
According to the articles about the business case for diversity: a.focusing on the economic benefit of diversity is not effective. b.as long as businesses try to build diversity, they will see a business benefit. c.we need more laws and regulations to enforce diversity. d.diversity programs work best at protecting minorities and women during economic downturns.
a.focusing on the economic benefit of diversity is not effective
The tendency to underestimate situational factors and overestimate personal factors when making attributions about others' action is known as: a.fundamental attribution error b.halo effect c.actor-observer difference d.overjustification
a.fundamental attribution error
Which one of the following is not a reason we have trouble overcoming our biases? a.information processing b.confirmatory hypothesis tesing c.need for consistency d.channeling
a.information processing
The ______________ view suggests that heredity and the environment interact to influence the development of individual differences. a.internactionist b.contingency-based c.instrumental d.value-based
a.internactionist
The relationship between stress and performance and well-being a.occurs in an inverted U function b.is detrimental c.not supported by strong research d.varies based on culture, organizational elements, an leadership
a.occurs in an inverted U function
____________ refers to a set of psychological characteristics that make each person unique; it is stable and tends to stay the same over time a.personality b.abilities c.values d.skills
a.personality
According to the article "The workplace is killing people" a.today's workplaces are the biggest source of stress and illness for many people. b.workplace violence is a key danger to employees c.organizations pay more attention to social well-being than environmental sustainability. d.The many physical and environmental dangers in today's organizations are the primary source of stress.
a.today's workplaces are the biggest source of stress and illness for many people.
In a high-context cultures: a.unstated expectations and trust matter b.there is a high power differential c.people are highly competitive d.people pay attention to the written word
a.unstated expectations and trust matter
Your individual difference characteristics generate a ________________ that guides your behavior. a.zone of comfort b.interactionist approach c.value-based approach d.cognitive space
a.zone of comfort
The style of conflict management depends on ___________________ and __________________.
assertiveness/cooperativeness
According to the Normative Decision model of leadership, the options for decision style include ______________ and __________________.
autocratic/consultative
According to Daniel Pink (video), ____________, mastery and purpose are key to motivation
autonomy
The open system view of organizations suggests that: a.There are no easy answers. b.organizations function and interact with their environment. c.managers must pay attention to people and profit. d.managers have to be both efficient and effective.
b. organizations function and interact with their environment.
Your age, or generation affects how you see the world. ____________ who are currently the dominant generation in management tend to have an ____________ outlook. a.Xers/balanced b.Boomers/optomistic c.Traditionalist/practical d.Millenials/hopeful
b.Boomers/optomistic
Modern management is strongly influenced by the idea of _____________ which suggests that what works depends on the situation or context. a.Efficiency b.Contingency c.Consideration d.Positive psychology
b.Contingency
.refers to companies going beyond their bottom line and economic interests to engage in activities that promote social well-being and environmental sustainability. a.Globalization b.Corporate social responsibility c.Organizational behavior d.Sustainability
b.Corporate social responsibility
The classical period of management focused on : a.Positive management b.Efficiency c.Human potential d.Open systems
b.Efficiency
Which one of the following is not one of the Big Five personality traits? a.Openness to experience b.Empathy c.Agreeableness d.Conscientiousness
b.Empathy
Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's dimensions of culture? a.High/low power distance b.Future/past orientation c.Individualism/Collectivism d.Masculinity/Femininity
b.Future/past orientation
"The extent to which individuals are a closely-knit social structure, such as the extended family, is the basis for social systems" is which of Hofstede's cultural dimensions? a.Future/past orientation b.Individualism/Collectivism c.low/high power distance d.Masculinity/femininity
b.Individualism/Collectivism
According to the article about the consequences of employment gaps, which of the following is not a reason people leave their work to raise families? a.There are not enough organizational policies to support parents. b.Parents, and mostly mothers, are often less committed to working the necessary long hours. c.Childcare is very expensive and can easily cost as much as a parent's monthly salary. d.The U.S. has few mandated parental leaves laws and policies to support parents.
b.Parents, and mostly mothers, are often less committed to working the necessary long hours.
An emotional response and judgment of a social group refers to ___________________; whereas ________________ refers to behaviors and actions. a.Equal opportunity/Affirmative action b.Prejudice/discrimination c.diversity training/organizational policies d.Attitudes/affirmative action
b.Prejudice/discrimination
Heuristics are best defined as: a.Biases we have developed b.Rules of thumb for decision making c.Errors in judgment d.System II processes
b.Rules of thumb for decision making
As organizations are trying to open back up after the COVID-19 epidemic, what should their key focus be? a.They must get back to normal as fast as possible. b.They have to consider employee well-being over the cost of real-estate and office design. c.They have to create either cubicles that are safe and isolated or wide open offices. d.They must increase the power of managers to make decisions for the employees.
b.They have to consider employee well-being over the cost of real-estate and office design.
A bias that occurs when a general impression or evaluation of one characteristic of a person or situation creates a positive impression that dominates perception is known as: a.overjustification b.halo effect c.actor-observer difference d.fundamental attribution error
b.halo effect
Which of the following is not one of the components of emotional intelligence? a.social skills b.social affiliation c.self-management d.self-awareness
b.social affiliation
Addressing discrimination requires ____________, _______________, and personal strategies. a.government intervention/legal pressure b.social policies/organizational practices c.managerial training/a cultural mindset d.departmental actions/managerial focus
b.social policies/organizational practices
Which of the following is not one of the levels in the field of organizational behavior? a.groups b.society c.organization d.Invidual
b.society
Emotional labor is _________________. a.being engaged at work b.the act of expressing organizational desired emotions during service transactions c.working hard for goals d.connecting with co-workers through their values
b.the act of expressing organizational desired emotions during service transactions
Confucianism recommends that leaders :
be benevolent and trustworthy
The _____________ approach to conflict management aims at quick implementation and results.
behavioral
Social perception is: a.The process of selective attention, generalization, attribution and judgement b.The way we use information to lead better c.Gathering, selecting, and interpreting information about how we view ourselves and others d.Closure and attributions
c.Gathering, selecting, and interpreting information about how we view ourselves and others
Which of the following is not one of the overall categories of managerial roles a.Interpersonal b.Decision making c.Individual d.Informational
c.Individual
Which one of the following statement is not accurate according to research by J. Pfeffer about modern organizations? a.Many chronic diseases have been linked to stress. b.A large part of healthcare costs in the US come from chronic diseases. c.Organizations have become very good at helping employees manage stress. d.For most people, their work is the primary source of stress.
c.Organizations have become very good at helping employees manage stress.
_____________focuses on strengths, happiness, pleasure, and joy and how human beings could use their talents to create positive institutions that would in turn promote even more positive conditions a.Bureaucracy b.Maslow's needs hierarchy c.Positive organizational behavior d.Scientific management
c.Positive organizational behavior
The cultural iceberg suggests a.Like icebergs, culture presents dangers. b.Some cultures are colder than others c.What we see is only a small part of culture d.Cultures can be frozen in time
c.What we see is only a small part of culture
___________are natural talents to do something mental or physical . a.values b.personality c.abilities d.skills
c.abilities
Our perceptual processes are designed to be _______________ rather than ______________. a.defensive/reactive b.specific/general c.efficient/effective d.accurate/innacurate
c.efficient/effective
Implicit bias is best defined as: a.accurate views of people based on sophisticated stereotypes b.a negative view of others c.expectations and beliefs regarding others that we are not aware of d.racist and sexist views of people
c.expectations and beliefs regarding others that we are not aware of
People with proactive personalities tend to____________________. a.lead with more autocratic methods b.be more active and healthy c.identify opportunities and take initiative d.approach others in a more open manner
c.identify opportunities and take initiative
The three stages of perception are attention, ____________, and interpretation. a.closure b.filtering c.organization d.attribution
c.organization
The formal definition of stress includes ____________, _____________, and psychological reactions a.invidual/organizational b.personal/group c.physiological/behavioral d.economic/organizational
c.physiological/behavioral
The process by which one's expectations and perceptions become reality is called: a.overjustification b.halo effect c.self-fulfilling prophecy d.self-serving bias
c.self-fulfilling prophecy
The Hawthorne studies were designed to ___________________, but they triggered the start of __________________. a.study teams/the role of efficiency b.understand time and motion/theory X of management c.study the effect of illumination/the human relations movement c. focus on the role of management/focusing on leadership instead
c.study the effect of illumination/the human relations movement
Which one of the following is not one of the challenges that managers face? a.an increasingly complex environment b.need for creativity c.the need to prevent change d.globalization
c.the need to prevent change
_________ are stable, long-lasting beliefs and preferences about what is worthwhile and desirable. a.skills b.personality c.values d.abilities
c.values
A cultural mindset is made up of a person's ___________, _____________, and skills. cognition/behaviors behaviors/attitudes literacy/competencies attitudes/literacy
cognition/behaviors
Engagement at work requires _____________, pride, willingness to advocate, job satisfaction
commitment to the job
Building trust requires, fairness and equity, ____________, _____________, and respect and support.
competence/rewarding cooperation
As opposed to leaders, managers tend to: a.develop and exemplify moral and ethical standards b.encourage the development of people and goals c.encourage creativity and innovation d.focus on planning and organizing
d. focus on planning and organizing
Which one of the following is not one of the ways we can develop self-awareness? a.Getting feedback about your actions b.Sharing information about yourself with others c.Reflecting on your actions d.Avoiding making mistakes
d.Avoiding making mistakes
Which one of the following is not a reason why culture is important in management? a.Ignoring culture can lead to many business and managerial mistakes. b.We are all likely to work with people from different cultures. c.Culture impacts how people think, feel, and behave. d.Managers need to assure that everyone is on the same page culturally.
d.Managers need to assure that everyone is on the same page culturally.
____________________ refers to a particular organizational management style largely based on national culture. a.National organizational practices b.Organizational culture c.Global national culture d.National organizational heritage
d.National organizational heritage
Effective stress management involves both _____________ and _____________. a.learning to ignore bad events/avoiding change b.addressing personality/conflict management c.preventing stress/changing the organization d.building resistance/removing stressors
d.building resistance/removing stressors
When deciding the cause of behavior, we use three types of information. These are ____________, consensus and consistency a.perception b.attribution c.closure d.distinctiveness
d.distinctiveness
The Pygmalion effect refers to: a.limiting what others do b.schema at work c.our tendency to look for disconfirming evidence d.our perceptions becoming reality
d.our perceptions becoming reality
The factors that make up the Cultural Mindset include ___________________, _________________, and knowledge factors. a.awareness/kindness b.openness to change/sensitivity c.curiosity/language ability d.personality/cognitive
d.personality/cognitive
The tendency to accept credit for success and reject blame for failure is called: a.confirmatory hypothesis testing b.similar-to-me effect c.stereotyping d.self-serving bias
d.self-serving bias
___________ are acquired talents that a person develops related to specific tasks. a.personality b.values c.abilities d.skills
d.skills
Which of the following is not one of the components of emotional intelligence? a.social skills b.self-awareness c.self-management d.social affiliation
d.social affiliation
A generalization about an individual based on the group to which the person belongs is called: a.self-serving bias b.confirmatory hypothesis testing c.similar-to-me effect d.stereotyping
d.stereotyping
Barriers to effective communication include all but one of the following:
decoding
Which of the following is not a method to prevent or reduce conflict?
decrease resources
Research about effectiveness vs. success shows that effective leaders focus on _______________, whereas success leaders focus on ______________.
employees/promotions
Positive leaders tend to be optimistic, _______________, ________________, and provide positive communication.
encourage positive deviance/focus on strengths
_______________ is the rational and emotional commitment to work or an organization.
engagement
_____________________ is a common mistake in negotiation where people stick to a course of action in spite of contrary information.
escalation of commitment
__________ power is power based on having knowledge.
expert
In order to be effective managers should rely more on ______________ and less on ____________.
expert power/formal authority
According to Fons Trompenaars, the culture of organizations is determined by their management and strategy with no impact from national culture.
false
According to the video on negotiations, effective negotiators focus on positions and stick to them.
false
All else being equal, cohesive groups are always more productive.
false
All types of deviance are destructive to a group's effectiveness.
false
Based on Margaret Hefferman's TedTalk about disagreement, openness is what drives change.
false
Decoding involves the sender of information using the right words.
false
Distributive negotiation offers a win-win scenario whereby parties try to reach an agreement that benefits them both by focusing on creating new options and solutions.
false
False threats and false promises is an effective and appropriate way to negotiate.
false
Fiedler's Contingency model assumes that task oriented (low LPC) leaders will be most effective when they are in moderate control situations.
false
Given that it has many negative consequences, leaders should not use power.
false
Having conflict affects organizational performance negatively.
false
In order to be highly effective, managers must learn to replicate the culture of successful organizations such as Tesla or Whole Foods.
false
Mature teams are those that have avoided conflict and build cohesion.
false
Organizations can help foster creativity by having challenging tasks supervised and closely monitored by managers.
false
Persuasive messages focus on facts rather than relying on emotions.
false
Positive leaders often focus on reducing disagreement and deviance.
false
Quick evaluation of ideas helps creativity stay on track.
false
Selecting group or team member who are similar to one another helps them make better decisions
false
Servant leadership is primarily focused on addressing the needs of organizations through service.
false
Studies show that most organizational change efforts succeed because managers plan carefully.
false
Supportive communication focuses on the person rather than the problem.
false
The negotiation style you use mostly depends on how important the substantive outcome is to you.
false
True or False. The cultural value of power distance refers to the degree to which people seek power.
false
True or false. The primacy-recency bias shows that we have a tendency to over-emphasize most recent information because we forget easily.
false
True or false. Theory X tends to view some workers as lazy and motivated by money and others as trying to grow.
false
Two approaches to managing conflict are interpersonal and interdepence.
false
LPC stands for Least Popular Collaborator.
false (least preferred coworker)
The Cameron and Quinn model of organizational culture types suggest that cultures vary based on the two dimensions of ______________________ and ____________________.
flexibility/internal focus
Key pointers in effective negotiation include ___________________ and ________________.
focusing on interests/using standards
Creativity is best defined as:
generation of new and useful ideas.
The majority of cultures around the world lean towards: high-context and collectivistim. focus on achievement and family. taking care of people and emotions rather than work. performance orientation.
high-context and collectivistim.
The negotiation strategy one uses depends on ___________________ and __________________.
importance of outcome/importance of relationship
in order to stimulate conflict managers can _____________ and _______________.
increase ambiguity/create interdependence
_______________ occurs within existing frameworks of the organization.
incremental change
Creative people tend to be original, _____________ and _____________.
independent/ resourceful
The three components of motivation include, the _____________, the ____________, and the organization.
individual/job
The Venn diagram representation of cultural identity discussed in class and in the power point presentation indicates that: individuals are part of many cultures and a unique combination of those cultures. cultural training must focus on teaching about cultural prototypes. few people can identify their cultural identity and roots. people value some of their cultures more than others.
individuals are part of many cultures and a unique combination of those cultures.
According to the behavior approach to leadership, two key leadership behavior are:
initiation of structure and consideration
Forces for change can be both _______________ and ________________.
internal/ external
Ethical leadership involves the following elements: focus on sustainability , ________________, _________________, and humane orientation.
justice orientation/moderation orientation
Which one of the following is not one of the hurdles to effective change?
lack of leadership skills
The TedTalk about language and culture indicates that:
language can shape how we think
Charismatic leadership requires certain _______________, _________________, and ___________________ elements to be present.
leader/followers/situational
Fiedler's contingency model of leadership suggests:
leaders must learn to change situations to fit their style
__________ power is power based on accepted authority such as title or official position.
legitimate
Which of the following is not of the factors in engagement at work?
liking the leadership
Which one of the following is not one of the ways we can manage and reduce our perceptual biases? seek and offer constant reminders and support from others develop and awareness of situations where biases are likely to operate. recognize our biases limit our interactions with people who are biased
limit our interactions with people who are biased
When considering transactional leadership ____________________ is generally ineffective; whereas ________________ is necessary and appropriate in routine situations.
management by exception (MBE)/contingent reward (CR)
_______________ is a state of mind, desire, energy, or interest that translates into action.
motivation
we see ourselves as motivated by higher level needs and others as motivated by lower level needs
motivation/opportunity/ability
_______________ and _______________ part of internal forces for change in today's organizations,
new leadership/low performance
Single loop learning refers to learning new ____________, while double loop involves learning new ____________.
new strategies/new goals
______________ are shared rules and expectations about group members' behaviors.
norms
The U.S. population has the largest percentage in________________ and ______________. millenials/generation xers generation xers/traditionalists older baby boomers/millenials traditionalists/nexters
older baby boomers/millenials
The Pygmalion or self-fulfilling prophecy effect refers to: our perceptions becoming reality because of our own actions. schema at work to help us be efficient. our tendency to look for disconfirming evidence. limiting what others do to assure that they are managed well.
our perceptions becoming reality because of our own actions.
______________involves restating what you hear in your own words.
paraphrasing
The basic principle of Ubuntu is that:
people are highly interdependent
In a low-context cultures: unstated expectations and trust matter people are highly competitive people pay attention to the written word there is a high power differential
people pay attention to the written word
The Dunning-Kruger effect or bias suggest that: managers are able to manage their biases if they stop using closure. people rely on mental schemas to make attributions. people pay attention to early information that may be highly visible to them. people who know the least are more likely to have high confidence of their abilities.
people who know the least are more likely to have high confidence of their abilities.
Which one of the following is one of the disadvantages of group cohesion?
potential for group think
Active listening requires all but one of the following.
preparing answers as you listen
Which one of the following are tools used in Organizational Development?
process consultation and survey feedback
encourage positive deviance/focus on strength
referent
Sophisticated stereotypes are based on ________________. negative over generalizations personal intelligence reliable research complex information
reliable research
According to Adam Grant, in order to build an effective organization managers should:
remove the takers
The best and most appropriate use of information about individual difference characteristics in organizations is: self-awareness and personal development of employees and managers. recruitment of employees who fit well with others. selecting leaders with the right style to assure organizational effectiveness. weeding out those who may have destructive tendencies.
self-awareness and personal development of employees and managers.
The paradox of success in organizations suggests that:
successful organizations often fail because they stick to what has worked for them.
Which one of the following is not part of classical approach to management? simple views of people. supporting workers' growth. administrative principle. management control of workers
supporting workers' growth.
Destructive leadership is defined by
the effect on followers
The small world paradox refers to: the fact that some cultures or worlds are smaller than others. the challenge of managing small and large organizations. the fact that what works in one world does not work in another. the importance of applying equal rules to small and large worlds.
the fact that what works in one world does not work in another.
According to Herzberg's Two-Factor theory, the most important aspect of motivation is _____________.
the job itself
The underlying trait that differentiates between Type As and Type Bs is: the need for control. the ability to self-regulate. the need for power. the desire and motivation to manage others.
the need for control.
Lewin's model for change includes three steps. Most organizations tend to ignore ___________.
the preparation and post change phases
The integrated view of creativity suggests that it involves individual characteristics, ___________ and ________________.
the task/the environment
Which one of the following is not one of the principles of effective change?
there is no need to involve employees
The key cultural values we discussed are important to management because: they impact personality and other individual difference characteristics. they impact our views of ourselves in relation to the world. they determine what cultural paradox we apply. they influence what people seek in their leaders and expect in their organizations.
they influence what people seek in their leaders and expect in their organizations.
Which one of the following is one of the blocks to creativity?
time pressure to be make quick decisions
A individual's personal characteristics such as traits or values are only one component of motivation.
true
According to Adam Grant in the video most people are matchers and focused on a quid-pro-quo.
true
According to research about the power of positivity, realism is more effective in helping people succeed than positivity.
true
Central norms in mature teams are part of the deep cultural assumptions or the third level of culture, whereas peripheral norms are part of the first and second levels of cultures.
true
Communication is the transmission of information from one person or party to another.
true
Conflict can create high energy and in-group cohesion.
true
Conflict involves disagreement while competition has winners and losers.
true
Design thinking is an approach to creativity that incorporates graphic and industrial design methods.
true
Distortions, semantics and filtering are three of the barriers to effective communication.
true
Empowerment is one of the ways organizations can reduce the occurrence of power abuse.
true
Feedback is an essential part of the communication process.
true
Follower flattery is one of the contributing factors abuse and corruption cycles.
true
Having power can lead people to become self-serving.
true
IKEA's culture is classified as a caring culture with interdependence and flexibility.
true
In order to be effective, organizations must keep their culture both stable and open to change.
true
In order to succeed an organization's culture must fit with its environment, mission, goals, technology and structure.
true
Leadership is both something you are born with and something you can learn.
true
Lewin's force field model of change includes driving and restraining forces.
true
Maslow argued that people are motivated by the desire to satisfy their needs.
true
Motivation and opportunity to perform are both needed to allow for job performance.
true
One of the keys to effective negotiation is controlling your own emotions.
true
One of the ways managers can stimulate conflict is by increasing ambiguity.
true
Organizational development as a change method is primarily data-driven and science based.
true
Reactions to power range from resistance to compliance to commitment.
true
Relying on coercion and reward is more likely to lead to resistance.
true
The contingency approach to leadership assumes that leadership is a function of both the leader and the situation.
true
The creative process is typically long and involves multiple mental models.
true
The cultural paradox refers to rules that work in one culture not always applying to another.
true
The first element of listening is to stop talking.
true
The idea that modern approaches to leadership are WEIRD refers to many of the theories not being applicable in other contexts and cultures.
true
The trait approach to leadership is based on understanding personal characteristics of leaders.
true
The view of creativity as trait assumes that people have some innate characteristics that make them more creative.
true
True or False. Both the classical and the humanistic early approaches to management provided a relatively simplistic view of people in organizations.
true
True or False. One of the key elements of modern management is the contingency view of people in organizations.
true
True or False. The TKD roadmap to developing a Cultural mindset includes addressing how you think, what you know and what you do.
true
William Ury in his TedTalk suggests that the key to effective negotiation is to find a 3rd side that reminds us of the stakes.
true
innovation is the successful implementation of new ideas.
true
In addition to self-awareness of their values, authentic leaders must have ________________ and ________________.
unbiased consideration of issues/relational authenticity
Organizational culture includes, artifacts and behaviors, ___________ and ___________.
values/assumptions
Primary dimensions of diversity are typically ______________________ of a person or a group. dynamic and changeable aspects visible and stable aspects valued aspects critical and important
visible and stable aspects
The world map exercise we did in class indicates that: we often view things from our own perspective. the world is complex. globalization has changed the world. geography matters when it comes to culture.
we often view things from our own perspective.
According to the video about Maslow and how we perceive motivation
we see ourselves as motivated by higher level needs and others as motivated by lower level needs
According the Margaret Hefferman's TedTalk about conflict
we should seek disagreement in order to drive performance and creativity.
"The case of the college teacher" exercise we did in class demonstrated that: paying attention is important we have implicit biases many of us have strong stereotypes of others we use closure to make fast and efficient decisions
we use closure to make fast and efficient decisions
The trait approach to leadership focuses on ___________ whereas the behavioral approach considers _______________.
who a leader is/what a leader does
Motivation addresses _____________ while engagement addresses ______________ of performance.
why/how
_____________________ is a common mistake in negotiation where people make a high offer and feel cheated when it's accepted.
winner's curse