busn info test 1

what is data?

literally a given or fact, raw material

unlike optical mark recognition, _____ is often used to try to interpret handwritten and printed texts not originally designed for source data entry

OCR technology

what records sales in a TPS?

Pos machine

a ____ tag can include the date of manufacturing, the plant in which the product was made, lot number, expiration date, destination, and many other details that help track its movement and sale

RFID

what is a closed system?

a system that stands alone, nothing flows in or out

what are the four operations a computer must handle?

accept data, store data and instructions, process data, and output data and/or information

what is a system?

an array of components that work together to achieve a common goal, or multiple goals

what records cash withdrawls, deposits, and transfers in a TPS?

automatic teller

___ _____ is when failure occurs because an organization tries to be on the technological leading edge

bleeding edge

_____ is the process of a group of colleagues meeting and working collaboratively to generate creative solutions and new ideas

brainstorming

the ____ is the most important part of any computer

central processing unit

in most organizations, the chief security officer reports to the ____

chief information officer

_______ ______ is the availability of network-accessible storage from an off-site computer or technology device

cloud storage

what is a subsystem?

components of a larger system- with subgoals, all contributing to meeting the same goal

when prototypes are satisfactory, the electronic drawings and material specifications can be transferred from the CAD systems to ____ ____

computeraded manufacturing

the greatest contribution to engineering is in the area of _________ ____

computeraided design

what is an information system?

consists of all the components that work together to process data and produce information

the CPU consists of two units: the ____ and the arithmetic logic unit

control unit

the most important metric in the airline industry is ____, which is how much it costs to fly a passenger one mile of the journey

cost per available seat-mile

_____ is when a company can gain advantage if it offers a unique product or service

create new products or services

a _____ is a body of clients that is large enough to attract many other clients

critical mass

CRM stands for what?

customer relationship management

______ _____ _____ systems are designed to support any and all relationships with customers, but mostly support: marketing, sales and customer service

customer relationship management

____ is input that the system takes to produce information

data

____ is the raw material in the production of information

data

storage are network identifies large quantities of data, called ____, and therefore can transfer and back up large amounts of data at a time

data blocks

a ____ is responsible for the databases and data warehouses of an organization- a very sensitive and powerful position

database administrator

_______ is when a company can gain advantage if it can attract customers by convincing them its product differs from the competitions

differentiate products or services

_____ defines the degree to which a goal is achieved

effectiveness

______ defines the degree to which a goal is achieved

effectiveness

_____ is determined by the relationship between resources expended and the benefits gained in achieving a goal

efficiency

______ is determined by the relationship between resources expended and the benefits gained in achieving a goal

efficiency

______ is when a company can gain advantage if its product or service is better than anyone else's

enhance products or services

adding to a product or service to increase its value to the consumer called _____

enhancing existing products or services

What was the first commercial computer?

eniac

CRM and supply chain management systems combined are often referred to as ____ systems

enterprise resource planning

ERP stands for what?

enterprise resource planning

organizations elect to replace old ISs with enterprise applications that support all or most of the business activities and it is called ____ ____ ____

enterprise resource planning

____ is when a company can gain advantage by companies from different industries can help each other by offering combined packages of goods

establish alliances

what is information?

facts or conclusion that have meaning within a context

the CPU performs four functions in every cycle: ____, decode, execute, and store

fetch

the ____ _____ is when an organization is the first to offer a new product or serve

first mover

storage decides constitute one of the ____ basic components of the computer system within an IS

five

____ is a computer and its peripheral equipment: input, output, and storage devices; it also includes data communication equipment

hardware

just as raw materials are processed in manufacturing to create useful end-products, so raw data is processed in information systems to create useful

information

several trends have made the use of ___ very important in business; among them, the variety and ingenuity of computer programs have increased

information systems

what are the four stages of processing?

input, data processing, output, storage

what is an open system?

interacts with other systems

_____, also called man memory or primary memory, is located near the CPU and stores data and instructions just before and immediately after the CPU processes them

internal memory

the ____ ____ advantage is when a competitor enters the market later

late mover

_________ is when a company can gain advantage if it can lock in either suppliers or buyers, making it economically impractical for suppliers or buyers to deal with competitors

lock in suppliers or buyers

to become information, data is _____

manipulated

a ____ interfaces and interacts with other systems

open system

_____ is information system professions and users

people

_____ is rules for achieving optimal and secure operations in data processing; it includes priorities in dispensing software applications and security measures

procedure

____ specifically refers to the efficiency of human resources

productivity

what records purchase in a TPS?

purchase order system

_____ is when a company can gain advantage if it deters potential entrants into the market

raise barriers to market entrants

___ _____ is creating one-on-a-kind products to test design in three dimensions

rapid prototyping

_____ is when a company can gain advantage if it can sell more units at a lower price

reduce costs

one way to increase market share is to lower prices, and the best way to lower prices is to ____

reduce costs

what are the 8 basic ways to gain a competitive advantage?

reduce costs, raise barriers to market entrants, establish high switching costs, create new products or services, differentiate products or services, enhance products or services, establish alliances, lock in suppliers or buyers

there are two basic types of access modes in data storage: ____ and direct (random) access

sequential

____ is a set of instructions that tell the computer how to take data in, how to process it, how to display information, and how to store data and information

software

a ___ ____ consists of three major phases: procuring raw materials, processing the materials into intermediate and finished goods, delivering the goods to customers

supply chain

in its fundamental form, a _____ consist of three phases: procurement of raw materials, processing the materials into intermediate and finished goods, and delivery of the goods to customers

supply chain

the term "___" refers to the sequence of activities involved in producing a product or service

supply chain

___ ____ ____ consists of monitoring, controlling and facilitating supply chains

supply chain management

_____ are expenses incurred when a customer stops buying a product or service from one business and starts buying it from another

switching costs

a ______ is responsible for researching, planning, and recommending software and systems choices to meet an organization's business requirements

systems analyst

______ ______ is when we build several technologies into a single piece of hardware

technology convergence

____ is hardware and software that facilitate fast transmission and reception of text, pictures, sound, and animation in the form of electronic data

telecommunications

what is the predominant function of transaction processing systems?

the point where the organization transacts business with other parties

___ ___ ____ is the time between generating an idea for a product and completing a prototype

time to market

_____ ____ ____ are the most widely used information systems

transaction processing systems

what is strategic advantage?

using strategy to maximize strengths to create a competitive advantage