C++ How to Program 7th Edition: Chapter 1 Review

C++

enhances the C language and provides capabilities for object-oriented programming

Agile Software Development

a set of methodologies that try to get software implemented quickly with fewer resources than previous methodologies

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

a graphical language that allows people who build systems to represent their object-oriented designs in a common notation

object technology

a packaging scheme that helps us create meaningful software units

Web 2.0

a series of Internet trends especially focused on the empowerment of the user and on community-generated content

World Wide Web

allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject over the Internet

object-oriented programming

allows for the production of software that is more understandable, better organized, and easier to maintain and debug

LAMP

an acronym for a set of open source technologies used to build web applications - it stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP (or Perl or Python)

object

an instance of a class

MySQL

an open source database management system

Linux

an open source operating system

PHP

an open source server-side "scripting" language for developing Internet applications

computer

capable of performing computations and making logical decisions at speeds billions of times faster than human beings can

associations

class relationships with other classes

mashup

combination of two or more existing web applications to serve a new purpose; dependent on small modular pieces and open access to web services APIs

Ruby on Rails

combines the scripting language Ruby with the Rails web application framework

preprocessor directives

commands which indicate that certain manipulations are to be performed on the program before compilation

Apple Computer

company that popularized personal computing

software

computer programs that run on a computer

1990s

decade in which object-oriented programming became widely used, allowing software developers to make major strides in the software development process

Technical Report 1

describes the proposed changes to the C++ Standard Library, many of which are based on current Boost libraries

FORTRAN

developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications that require complex mathematical computations

COBOL

developed in the 1950s for commercial applications that require precise and efficient data manipulation

BASIC

developed in the 1960s at Dartmouth College for programming novices

Ada

developed under the sponsorship of the DoD during the 1970s and early 1980s; provides multitasking, which allows programmers to specify that many activities are to occur in parallel

open source software development

developers creating and evolving software in exchange for the right to use that software for their own purposes

preprocessor program

executes automatically before the compiler's translation phase begins

Boost C++ Libraries

free and open source libraries that work well with the C++ Standard Library

C++ systems

generally consist of three parts: a program development environment, the language, and the C++ Standard Library

Internet

global network of computers initiated four decades ago with funding supplied by the U.S. Department of Defense

computing costs

have been decreasing due to rapid technological development

.NET platform

implementation of Microsoft's strategy for integrating the Internet and the web into computer applications

data members

instances of data contained within a class

Visual Basic

introduced in the 1990s to simplify developing Windows applications

refactoring

involves reworking code to make it clearer and easier to maintain

high-level languages

languages (like C++) that contain English words and conventional mathematical notations

IBM's Personal Computer (PC)

legitimized personal computing in business, industry, and government organizations

linker

links the object code with the code for the missing functions to fill in the "holes" and produce an executable program

packaging software as classes

makes it possible for future software systems to reuse the classes

object-oriented design (OOD)

models software components in terms of real world objects; takes advantage of class relationships and inheritance relationships

information hiding

objects normally not allowed to know how other objects are implemented

computers

often referred to as hardware; controlled by software

distributed computing

phenomenon prompted by early personal computers linked together in computer networks

Visual C#

programming language developed for Microsoft's .NET platform; forms the core of the .NET platform along with Visual Basic and Visual C++

assembly language

programming language formed from English-like abbreviations; translator programs called assemblers convert it into machine language

interpreter programs

programs that directly execute high-level language programs; eliminate the need to compile them into machine language

design patterns

proven architectures for constructing object-oriented software

memory unit

rapid-access and low-capacity "warehouse" section of the computer; retains both input and output for processing and placement

objects

reusable software components that model items in the real world

C++ Standard Library

rich collection of existing classes and functions that programmers use instead of programming every needed class and function

member functions

set of functions that manipulate data and provide services to clients

computer programs

sets of instructions that allow the computer to process data through orderly sets of actions

Simula

simulation programming language whose capabilities were added to C to create C++

social networking sites

sites that help users manage their interpersonal relationships

classes

software entities that with object technology can be reused for future projects if properly designed

Software as a Service (SaaS)

software run on servers; typically accessed through a browser, all clients are update simultaneously, with no local installation necessary

central processing unit (CPU)

the "administrative" section of the computer; coordinates and supervises the operation of the other sections

loader

takes the executable program from disk and transfers it to memory for execution

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

the "manufacturing" section of the computer; responsible for performing calculations and making decisions

input unit

the "receiving" section of the computer; obtaining information and placing it at the disposal of other units for processing

output unit

the "shipping" section of the computer; taking information processed by the computer and making it available for use outside the computer

cin

the C++ standard input stream from which data is often input

cout

the C++ standard output stream from which data is often output

collective intelligence

the concept that collaboration will result in intelligent ideas

load

the fifth phase of C++ programs; the placement of a program into the memory so that it can be executed

edit

the first phase of C++ programs; consists of editing a file with an editor program

link

the fourth phase of C++ programs; fills in object code "holes" with referenced functions and data

object orientation

the key programming methodology used by programmers today

tagging

the labeling of content, a key part of the collaborative them of Web 2.0

secondary storage unit

the long-term and high-capacity "warehousing" section of the computer; programs or data not currently being used are stored here until they're needed

machine language

the only language a computer can directly understand; consists of numbers that instruct computer to perform their most elementary operations

Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD)

the process of analyzing and designing a system from an object-oriented point of view

preprocess

the second phase of C++ programs; executes automatically before the compiler's translation phase begins

execute

the sixth and final phase of C++ programs; the CPU follows the instructions of the program one step at a time

compile

the third phase of C++ programs; the creation of object code

hardware

the various devices that comprise a computer system

C++0x

the working name for the next version of C++ Standard; it includes some changes to the core language and many of the library additions described in Technical Report 1

compiler

translates high-level language programs into machine-language programs

open source software

type of software making it cheaper and easier to start Web 2.0 companies

Java

used to create dynamic and interactive content for web pages, develop enterprise applications, enhance web server functionality, provide applications for consumer devices and more

blogs

websites characterized by short postings in reverse chronological order

client/server computing

where computers called servers offer a common data store and other capabilities that may be used by client computers throughout the network

C++ programming language

widely used for writing software for operating systems, computer network, and distributed client/server applications