CAHIMS

is the malfunction, slip, or mistake—the accident itself—that occurs at the frontline, which in a medical setting is often the point of care.

Active error

An abstraction is a type of model, but a template is not.

False-both types of models

compressing the project schedule by adding more members to the project team called

crashing

notation is used to create standard flowcharts. This type of diagram works well for representing step-by-step processes or calculations.

ISO 5807

Interactive communications

Phone Calls Meetings

applying tools, techniques, skills, and knowledge to meet project requirements.

Project management

can represent either different forms of the same process or the ways that different branches of a clinic perform the same process -such as New patient intake and registration, Existing patient intake and registration

Variations

In project management, the ________________is a graphical representation of all of the work that must be completed on a project.

WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)

What type of organization experiences the least amount of stress during project closeout?

Weak matrix

Is a document that aligns the organizational structure to the WBS.

responsibility assignment matrix (RAM)

When a valid rule set is misapplied, the mistake is a

rule based mistake

The user-centered design approach begins with a primary focus on users and

tasks

A process map is a ___________ when it is used as a guide to complete or replicate a defined process in order to achieve a defined result.

template

is a high-level view of a system and the entities (in this case, processes) it encompasses or interacts with. It is an effective way to represent the primary processes performed at a clinic.

A context diagram

Which of the following user-centered design processes is associated with testing the prototype in an actual hospital or clinic? A.)Pilot B.)Deliver C.)Product test D.)Evaluate

A.)Pilot When the prototype system (or systems) is tested in the hospital or clinic, it is being piloted.

What is the main reason for creating a process map? A.)To document an existing process in order to improve it B.)To document all process aspects in case they are needed for the redesignT C.)o document the proposed process so that others can review it D.)To document the new process in order to replicate it

A.)To document an existing process in order to improve it

display groupings of thoughts, ideas, and data. The steps in creating one are as follows: Write down each thought, idea, or data item on a separate note card or self-stick note. Look for notes with similar themes. Group the notes with similar themes.

Affinity diagrams

an ongoing or repetitive activity or service" the purpose of which is "to sustain the core business."

An operation

are errors or common oddities that occur during the process -for example, a laboratory sample that goes bad or a patient who leaves an appointment early.

exceptions

overlap activities that are normally performed in sequence

fast tracking

Perhaps the most common form of process map is a ______________. A ______________ is a diagram (graphical representation) that uses standard symbols to depict the logical, step-by-step progression through a process.

flowchart

The three primary organizational structures are

functional, pure project or projectized, and matrix.

Which of the following process aspects represents how information is altered through a process?

information transformation

Which subscale of the NASA Task Load Index is used to measure whether a task is simple or complex?

mental demands

One reason process analysis and redesign in clinical settings is unique when compared to other industries is that clinicians have a moral obligation to _________ harm a patient.

not harm

In process mapping, ______________ refers to the set of shapes and drawing conventions used to create process maps, or diagrams.

notation

Graphical representations are useful in process analysis because they help to identify bottlenecks, which often are

opportunities

Bringing the findings of a process analysis together in a single document for the purpose of documentation and communication. This is the ______________________ which informs the process redesign that follows the analysis.

process analysis summary report,

A _________________________ outlines who on the project team is assigned to what project activities.

responsibility assignment matrix

The causes of a risk materializing into a negative event on a project are known as risk

triggers

Which of the following is another word for steps of a process? A.)Outputs B.)Inputs C.)Activities D.)Sequence

C.)Activities

_____________________ represent how all of the tasks that support healthcare are accomplished each day.

Clinical process maps

When users feel uneasy, uncertain, and/or sense a problem, they engage system 2, which indicates which of the following states?

Cognitive strain

occurs when the user has to struggle just to navigate the interface, using up mental energy and concentration that should be focused on the medical or clinical problem at hand

Cognitive strain

an abstraction that outlines what people can do with a product and concepts needed to understand how to interact with it.

Conceptual model

In the context of HIT implementation, which of the following is the most important element of a workflow analysis summary report? A.)Process inventory B.)Variations and exceptions in the clinic's processes C.)Context diagram D.)List of EHR functionality needed for the practice

D.)List of EHR functionality needed for the practice

Worker participation in decision making is an important part of which of the following? A.)Ergonomics B.)Human factors C.)Cognitive ergonomics D.)Organizational ergonomics

D.)Organizational ergonomics

Which of the following prompted the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to outline six targets for the redesign of the American health system? A.)The passage of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act B.)The increasingly physician-centered orientation of the nation's health system C.)The amount of fraud and waste throughout the nation's health system, which is causing healthcare costs to rise faster than the average wages of consumers D.)The fact that up to 98,000 US deaths annually were attributable to medical errors

D.)The fact that up to 98,000 US deaths annually were attributable to medical errors

Which of the following is true of the ONC's mobile adoption support positions? A.)They are permanent positions requiring a college degree. B.)They are permanent positions requiring up to 6 months of training. C.)They are temporary positions requiring a college degree. D.)They are temporary positions requiring up to 6 months of training.

D.)They are temporary positions requiring up to 6 months of training.

What is the purpose of analyzing a process? A.)To implement a process improvement B.)To ensure that different clinics perform the same processes C.)To document processes for an organization's records D.)To understand the process and ensure that it functions to the best degree possible

D.)To understand the process and ensure that it functions to the best degree possible

________________ dependencies are flexible and call on the project manager to exercise good judgment.

Discretionary

Insufficient data, data errors, care fragmentation, and contraindications are all exceptions for which of the following processes?

Disease management

Active errors are more likely than latent errors to go undetected.

False

The workflow redesign specialist can choose the process flowchart or the affinity diagram as a tool to capture all requirements.

False

Data flow is also called process flow.

False-information flow

Push communications

Faxes and memos Reports

Which of the following is sometimes used to refer to how different paths in a process are chosen on a particular process map?

Flow control

describe the capabilities of the system and specify what the user should be able to do with the system.

Functional requirements

A good notation for representing the transformation of data through a process is ___________________. This notation can also be used to show data exchange and storage as they pertain to a process.

Gane-Sarson

Which of the following is often used to graphically represent a project schedule?

Gantt chart

Which option includes concerns of business requirements?

Goals, regulatory concerns, and organizational requirements

Because a user's short-term memory is limited and decays quickly, what technique could an interface designer employ to make a system more usable?

Grouping

Which of the following describes when data is collected and measured against an adverse outcome?

Hindsight bias

s a field of study that is directed by concepts and principles from engineering and applied cognitive psychology .

Human factors

In addition to knowledge of the components of a process and of the relationships among the process components, workflow analysis includes which of the following?

Identification of opportunities for improvement

You have a preconceived idea about how a device should work. What is the term for this?

Mental model

include everything else, such as user characteristics, the level of expertise of existing staff, the quality and availability of user support, the nature of the organization, the level of managerial support, the quality and availability of user support and resources for training, and the necessary security provisions.

Nonfunctional requirements

The primary purpose of this process group is to outline the strategies necessary to successfully complete the project. The outputs from the _____________________ explore "all aspects of the scope, time, cost, quality, communications, human resources, risks, procurements, and stakeholder engagement.

Planning Process Group

Which of the following includes concerns of user requirements?

Policies, procedures, and operational requirements

is the study of a process in order to understand it.

Process analysis

is a visual representation of a process that shows boundaries (i.e., where the process begins and ends), steps or tasks in the process, and sequence or order of the steps.

Process map

Which of the following is characterized as a change in a process with the anticipation of a good outcome?

Process redesign

describes, at a high level, the project and its purpose, the business need, the deliverables, and the project boundaries. It provides a formal record of the project, and although it is not considered a contract, it provides the means for formal acceptance of and commitment to the project and establishes internal agreements within the organization.

Project charter

an output of a schedule model that presents linked activities with planned dates, durations, milestones, and resources.

Project schedule

What factor of selective attention describes something that is important and stands out to an individual, while other stimuli are ignored?

Salience

Decision points are a defining aspect of a flowchart.

True

It is particularly useful for representing the complex business processes behind physical process steps, though it is not well suited for representing the actual physical process steps.

UML Unified Modeling Language

the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use

Usability

An iterative approach is similar to a trial-and-error approach in that it is a repetitive process driven by continuous improvement. What is such a continuous improvement largely based on?

User input

is evaluated by whether an application provides all the functionality necessary for users to complete a task.

Utility

What is the lowest level of the work breakdown structure (WBS) called?

Work package

When ______________ diagrams are used to represent the larger context of and roles involved in a process, they are called context diagrams.

Yourdon

Which of the following notations would not be a good choice for diagramming the logical flow of a process?

Yourdon

diagrams are often used to represent data flows. These diagrams are known as data flow diagram (DFDs) and work well for representing inputs and outputs as well as data storage. In contrast to flowcharts, DFDs do not show timing or sequence within a process.

Yourdon

A process map is an _______________ when it is "used to visualize the sequence of tasks and to identify tasks that are inefficient."

abstraction

The best way to use future-state workflows as training materials is --______________ EHR deployment.

after

______________________ dependencies are fixed and part of the natural flow of work.

Mandatory

Pull communication

Internet Knowledge repositories

occur when an incorrect action is performed because of misinterpretation or poor judgment.

A mistake

is a series of activities that produce work.

A process

is a workflow documentation tool that provides a visual representation of The boundaries where the process begins and ends The steps or tasks in the process The sequence or order of the steps

A process flow

a document issued by the project initiator or sponsor that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.

A project charter

is an error that occurs when the correct route of action was followed but was executed incorrectly.

A slip

uses knowledge of information technology to improve how an organization operates and achieves its goals.

A workflow and information management redesign specialist

Also known as an entity relationship diagram, or ERD, the _____________ diagram is a good way to represent the interrelationships among stored data in a process.

E-R

Which domain of cognitive capacity would describe a cluttered computer interface or an instructional guide with tiny print and an index with few entries?

Effort

can be described as the interactions of a human with a system. It can also be defined as the scientific study concerned with understanding how humans interact with the various parts of a system.

Ergonomics

According to the factors of selective attention, humans are programmed to recognize something that may place them in danger while filtering out other stimuli. What is this instinctive behavior called?

Expectancy and value

An application lacks a consistent layout and design from screen to screen. Which of the following usability factors would be most affected by this inconsistency?

Learnability

tasks present a challenge in health IT because humans and computers are often interdependent in performing information processing tasks.

Informational

The initial scope is defined within the ______________ processes, and financial resources are committed. The primary purpose of the ____________________ is to "align the stakeholders' expectations with the project's purpose, give them visibility about the scope and objectives, and show how their participation in the project and its associated phases can ensure that their expectations are achieved

Initiating Initiating Process Group

result from ignorance of key concepts. Incomplete knowledge, incorrect selection of knowledge, or too much knowledge (information overload) can lead to _____________________.

Knowledge-based mistakes.

are failures of design, organization, training, or maintenance that lay dormant and unnoticed until, after a period of normal operation, they trigger an active error.

Latent errors

a narrative description of products, services, or results to be delivered by a project.

Statement of work

__________________ encompasses the processes that formally complete the project.

The Closing Process Group

__________________ encompasses the processes for "coordinating people and resources, managing stakeholder expectations, as well as integrating and performing the activities of the project in accordance with the project management plan.

The Executing Process Group

________________________ consists of the processes that measure and analyze project performance. By monitoring the project activities for alignment with the project management plan, problems can be identified and preventive or corrective action taken to keep the project on track.

The Monitoring and Controlling Process Group

outlines what project information will be shared, who it will be shared with, when the information will be shared, and how the information will be shared.

The communication plan

is a working document used for tracking project risks through completion of the project.

The risk register

Which of the following describes a clinical workflow?

The way specific work is completed in a healthcare setting