Cartilage and Bone

Which is an organic component of bone?

Collagen fibers

Which statements correctly describe compact bone?

It forms the external walls of a long bone. It is solid and relatively dense.

Which statements characterize the periosteum?

It functions to anchor blood vessels to the surface of bones. It helps to heal bone fractures. It covers the outer surface of the diaphysis of a long bone. It is composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Which statements describe the inorganic components of the matrix of bone?

It gives the bone its hardness. It contains hydroxyapatite crystals.

The ______ provides the major weight support of a long bone.

diaphysis

bone functions

support protection mineral storage blood cell formation

Osteoprogenitor cells are located in ______.

the endosteum the periosteum

Which statements characterize articular cartilage?

It covers an epiphysis. It is composed of hyaline cartilage. It functions to reduce friction in joints.

Which statements characterize endosteum?

It is active during bone repair. It contains osteoblasts. It lines medullary cavities.

Which statements describe the matrix of bone?

It is harder than the matrix of cartilage. It is composed of organic and inorganic substances.

Which statements describe an osteon?

It is microscopic. It is also called a Haversian system. It runs parallel to the diaphysis of a long bone. It contains a central canal.

Which statements characterize the effect of Vitamin D?

It promotes absorption of phosphate and calcium into the blood. It aids in the calcification of bone.

Which is a function of cartilage?

It supports the auricle of the ear.

Choose the bones formed through endochondral ossification. Multiple select question.

Lower limb bones Vertebrae Upper limb bones

______ remove bone matrix and ______ add to it.

Osteoclasts, osteoblasts

The release of stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix is called

Osteolysis

In a severe protein-deficient diet, which portion of the bone matrix will be reduced?

The organic component Osteoid

Which statement(s) characterize osteoclasts?

They are phagocytic. They reabsorb bone matrix. They have ruffled borders. They secrete hydrochloric acid.

Which statements characterize central canals of osteons?

They contain blood vessels. They contain nerves. They are cylindrical channels.

Which statements characterize concentric lamellae of osteons?

They contain collagen fibers. They are rings of bone tissue. Their numbers vary among osteons.

Which statements characterize canaliculi?

They extend from lacuna to lacuna. Nutrients pass through them. They contain osteocyte cytoplasmic extensions.

Which statements characterize osteocytes?

They maintain bone matrix. They reside in lacunae.

Growth along the periphery of cartilage is called __ growth.

appositional

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering an epiphysis of a long bone is called ______.

articular

In bone, smooth muscle tissue is found in ______.

blood vessels of bone

Tiny channels that connect lacunae to other lacunae in an osteon are called ______.

canaliculi

The cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon is the ______.

central canal

Rings of bone connective tissue that surround the central canal of an osteon are called ______.

concentric lamellae

Calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form ______ in the matrix of bone.

crystals

An incomplete layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity of a bone is called ______.

endostem

A thin line of compact bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a mature bone is called the _____

epiphyseal line

The structure that replaces the epiphyseal plate in adult bone is the ______.

epiphyseal line

The expanded end of a long bone is called the ______.

epiphysis

True or false: Osseous connective tissue is the only tissue type found in bones.

f

Bone growth within a membrane is called ______.

intramembranous ossification

The metaphysis of mature bone contains a thin layer of compact bone called the epiphyseal

line

The cylindrical space within the diaphysis of a long bone is called the ______.

medullary cavity

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone is called its ______.

metaphysis

The region of a mature bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis is the ______.

metaphysis

______ are large phagocytic cells found in bone.

osteoclasts

Mature bone cells are called ______.

osteocytes

When osteoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they produce, they become cells called

osteocytes

A tough fibrous layer covering the outer surface of a long bone is called the ______.

periosteum

Osteoprogenitor cells ______.

produce a cell that becomes an osteoblast are stem cells

Osteoblasts function to ______.

produce osteoid

The epiphysis of a long bone closest to the body trunk is the ______ epiphysis.

proximal

The organic components of bone provide ______.

resistance to stretching

Place the zones of an epiphyseal plate in their correct order. Start with the zone closest to the epiphysis.

rphco

Based on shape, bones that have a length about equal to their width are classified as ______ bones.

short

Cancellous or trabecular bone is also called bone.

spongy

The medullary cavity of adult bone contains bone marrow.

yellow