Case studies 2 ACL tear

fibrous

. dense irregular connective tissue ex: suture joints

What are the steps to evaluating an unconscious athlete?

1. Do not move the athlete. Do not remove the helmet. Do not use ammonia inhalants, which may cause the head to jerk from the noxious stimulus. Do not give liquids or food. Do not rush the evaluation.Do not worry about delaying the game. If the athlete is unresponsive, alert other medical personnel and coaches, and call for anambulance. The medical staff should then proceed with CPR steps as necessary. If the athlete is not breathing, start rescue breathing.

Identify the location of the following: ACL, PCL, lateral andcollateral ligaments, lateral and medial meniscus. Describe twofunctions of the ACL.

4. Functions of ACL: Prevents tibia from sliding forward on femur . Prevents undue internal rotation of the tibia related to the femur.

Which health professional would perform an MRI scan?

A radiology technician with a specialty in magnetic resonance imaging would perform the scan

what is an MRI scan

An MRI scan is a radiology technique using magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to produce images of body structures.

What are some advantages of arthroscopic surgery?

Arthroscopic surgery makes it easier to examine, diagnose, and treat joint problems. Surgery is less extensive, enables small incisions, shorter recovery time, and shorter hospital time.

what is the purpose of diagnostic tests to establish an acl tear?

Clinical hands on exams to determine if the knee is moving properly

Electronic impulses stimulate the nerve axons signaling muscles to contract and relax.

EMS increases blood flow to muscles, increases the range of motion, increases muscle strength, as well asenhances muscle endurance.

what is electrical muscle stimulation (EMS)

Electronic impulses stimulate the nerve axons signaling muscles to contract and relax.

What are the steps to evaluating a conscious athlete?

Evaluate mental status, symptoms, mechanism of injury, rule out neck injury, give a physical exam of the injured area, slowly have athlete sit up, reevaluate, help athlete walk to sidelines.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

NA

Na

Na

Na

Describe the surgical method used to replace a torn ACL.

Reconstruction of the ACL begins with a small incision in the leg where small tunnels are drilled in the bone. Next, the new ACL is brought through these tunnels and then secured. As healing occurs, the bone tunnels fill in to secure the tendon

What is an arthroscope?

The arthroscope is a small fiber-optic viewing instrument made up of a tiny lens, lightsource, and video camera.

What are the responsibilities of a first responder at the scene of anathletic injury?

The first responder at the scene of an athletic injury needs to be able to recognize a life-threatening condition, provide emergency care, and facilitate transportation to a medical facility when indicated. An orderly, logical primary assessment on the field can help identify serious conditions promptly and guide further evaluation and treatment.

anesthesiologist

a physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents before and during surgery monitors patients vitals and maintain balance

goals of PT

acheive normal gait pattern mantain full extension strenghtn hamstring and quadricepts increase knee flexion mantain indurance

field exam if the athlete is unconscious

alert medical personell call ambo/911 cpr

3 graft option

allograft, patellar tendon graft, hamstring tendon autograft

arthroscope what is it

arthroscope is a small fiber optic viewing instrument made up of tiny lenses a light source and a camera.

operating technician

assist works and care for health of team

varus

bent inward

valgus

bent outward

hemarthrosis

blood inside the joints

bursae and its function

bursae: fluid filled sac function: reduces friction at joint by separating structures that might rub together

intracapsular ligament

capsule that connect the tibia and femur

Rotation

circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

what is the purpose of a field exam?

clinical testing hands on exams to assess proper movement of the knee

Hyperextension

continuous extension beond atomical position

flextion

decrease in angle between articulating bones

knee flexion

decreasing the angle when bending the knee

arthroscope purpose

device/camera used to look inside joints

step by step field exam

dont move athlete dont remove helmet dont use smelling salts/ inhalants dont give food or liquid dont rush the evaluation dont worry about delaying the game

3 types of structural classification

fibrous, cartilage, synovial

athletic trainer

first responder ran the field exam

diarthrosis

freely movable joint knees, hips, shoulders

synovial and example

has a outer layer of ligaments that make up joint capsule contains synovial fluid (to lubricate joints) ex: Knee, hip, elbow, shoulder

synarthrosis

immovable joint fibrous

extension

increases the angle between articulating joints

cartilaginous and example

joints made up of cartilage ex: pubic synthesis and intervertebrae disks

what surgeries can arthroscopes be used for

knee injuries, shoulders, ankles, wrists, elbows and hips

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

lateral femur to the lateral side of the fibula

tendon vs ligament

ligament- bone to bone tendon- muscle to bone

radiologist

looks at xray and gives a diagnosis based off the x rays

MRI imaging

magnetic resonance imaging imaging done using magnets and waves

why is the field exam so important?

makes sure there is no life threatening injuries

tibial (medial) collateral ligament

medial femur to the medial tibia

circomduction

movement of distal end of body part in a circle

patellar ligament

patella to the tibia

Radiologist Technician

preforms X-ray and MRI

operating team

preforms the surgery

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

prevents anterior sliding of tibia

posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

prevents sliding of tibia

physical therapist

provides treatment post surgery

step by step acl replacement

remove old acl replace with graft

Pivot Shift Test

reproduces instability felt by injured patients (rotatory)

hemorrhage

severe bleeding either internally or externally

intraarticular disk (menisci)

sliding of tibia

Latchman's Test

slightly flexed knee then examine shape/ structure of the knee

amphiarthrosis

slightly movable joint classified as cartilaginous ex pubic synthesis

3 types of functional classification

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, diarthroses

patellar tendon autograft

take part of patellar tendon

Anterior Drawer Test

tests the stability of the knee with the acl ligaments

allograft

use donated tendons from another body

autograft

uses tendons from patients body