Casey Bio Chapter 2

Identify the reactants in the following chemical reaction: C10H8 + 12 O2 → 10 CO2 + 4 H2O A. C10H8 and 12 O2 B. 12 O2 and 4 H2O C. 10 CO2 and 4 H2O D. C10H8 and 10 CO2

A. C10H8 and 12 O2

Which of the following is a polysaccharide? A. Cellulose B. Fructose C. Glucose D. Sucrose

A. Cellulose

Which of the following is not made from long chains of glucose? A. Monosaccharides B. Starch C. Glycogen D. Cellulose

A. Monosaccharides

The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller individual subunits involves multiple ________. A. hydrolysis reactions B. dehydration synthesis reactions C. hydrosynthetic reactions D. osmotic reactions

A. hydrolysis reactions

During digestion, __________ are broken down into __________ through __________ reactions. A. proteins; amino acids; hydrolysis B. amino acids; proteins; hydrolysis C. proteins; amino acids; dehydration D. amino acids; proteins; dehydration

A. proteins; amino acids; hydrolysis

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the __________ ______ which allows the reaction to proceed much more quickly.

Activation Energy

The specific location within an enzyme molecule where the substrate binds is called the ______ ____.

Active Site

The smallest unit of matter that retain all of the physical properties of that type of matter is a(n) ____.

Atom

What do fats, steroids, and waxes have in common? A. (a) Moderate polarity. B. (b) Low solubility in water. C. (c) They occur in membranes. D. Both (a) and (c). E. Both (b) and (c).

B. (b) Low solubility in water.

The typical oxygen atom is described in the periodic table by the accompanying box. How many protons are in a typical oxygen atom? ______________ | 8 | | O | | Oxygen| | 16.00 | |____________| A. 12 B. 8 C. 18 D. Not enough information given

B. 8

What is a trace element? A. An element that is evenly distributed on the planet B. An element that is required in miniscule amounts for life C. An element that is used to identify the location of other elements D. An element that is very rare

B. An element that is required in miniscule amounts for life

Why is one side of a single water molecule partially negative while the other side is partially positive? A. Hydrogen donates its electrons to oxygen. B. Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms. C. Oxygen donates its electrons to hydrogen. D. Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the two hydrogen atoms.

B. Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms.

A needle can be made to "float" on the surface tension of water. What causes this surface tension to form? A. The adhesion of water molecules to the needle B. The cohesion of water molecules to each other C. The solubility of water D. The heat capacity of water

B. The cohesion of water molecules to each other

Identify the part of the atom that most determines the chemical properties of the atom. A. The number of protons B. The number of electrons C. The number of shells D. The number of neutrons

B. The number of electrons

Something with a pH of 5 would be ________. A. neutral B. acidic C. basic D. alkaline

B. acidic

In an atom, the number of neutrons determines most specifically the ________. A. ion state B. isotope C. element D. chemical properties

B. isotope

While the maximum number of electrons required to fill the outermost shell of an atom varies depending on the size of the atom, almost all of the smaller atoms (atomic numbers 2-20) are considered stable (nonreactive) when they contain ________ electron(s) in the outermost shell. A. 16 B. 1 C. 8 D. 2

C. 8

What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction? A. The reaction will stop completely. B. The reaction will proceed more slowly. C. The reaction will proceed more quickly. D. The reaction will reverse.

C. The reaction will proceed more quickly.

Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain ________ bonded to other elements. A. oxygen B. hydrogen C. carbon D. nitrogen

C. carbon

All lipids are ________. A. hydrolytic B. hydrophilic C. hydrophobic D. water-loving molecules

C. hydrophobic

The scientific study of matter is called _________.

Chemistry

What might happen if a protein has a change in one amino acid? A. The protein has a new shape. B. The protein can no longer function properly. C. The amino acid chain folds incorrectly. D. All of these happen.

D. All of these happen.

What kind of bond joins amino acids together to form a protein? A. Polar bond B. Hydrogen bond C. Protein bond D. Peptide bond

D. Peptide bond

Water "beads up" on synthetic fabric like polyester but binds to cotton. What is the most likely explanation for this? A. Polyester fibers are thinner than cotton fibers. B. Polyester is more flexible than cotton. C. Polyester is not a naturally occurring substance, whereas cotton is a naturally occurring substance. D. Polyester is nonpolar, whereas cotton is polar.

D. Polyester is nonpolar, whereas cotton is polar.

Dr. Haxton told one of his students, "To move in the bloodstream, fats need the help of phospholipids." What would a good student say? A. You have it backwards. Fats help phospholipids to travel. B. Sorry, Dr. Haxton! Help comes from cholesterol, not phospholipids. C. Not so. Fats are small enough to travel easily without help. D. Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water. E. Right. Fats are too polar to travel alone in water.

D. Yes. Nonpolar molecules aren't compatible with water.

The four classes of large organic molecules that are essential to life include __________. A. sugars, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acids B. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and amino acids C. starch, cellulose, DNA, and RNA D. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

D. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Which four elements make up the bulk of living cells? A. water, calcium, carbon, and nitrogen B. carbon, oxygen, sodium, and nitrogen C. calcium, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon D. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

D. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

Polymers that contain sugars ... A. (a) may store hereditary information. B. (b) may store energy. C. (c) may protect cells. D. Both (b) and (c). E. (a), (b), and (c).

E. (a), (b), and (c).

H2SO4, sulfuric acid, contains three different types of atoms: hydrogen (H), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). Each of these atoms represents a different _______. Since the three types are combined in a fixed ratio, this means that H2SO4 is a(n) ________.

Element; Compound

Lactose takes years to break down on its own. But if exposed to the protein lactase, the reaction proceeds very quickly, while lactase itself remains unchanged. Lactase is an example of a(n) ______.

Enzyme

A(n) _________ is a molecule that can bind to an enzyme and prevent the enzyme from working. There are two types: a(n) ___________ _________ binds to the active site of the enzyme; a(n) ______________ _________ binds elsewhere on the enzyme.

Inhibitor; Competitive Inhibitor; Noncompetitive Inhibitor

______ is anything that occupies space and/or has any substance.

Matter

If two or more atoms are bonded together, they form a(n) ________.

Molecule

Within a plant, water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be combined (using the energy of sunlight) to produce glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). If you were to write out this chemical reaction, water and carbon dioxide are each an example of a(n) ________ while glucose and oxygen are each an example of a(n) _______.

Reactant; Product

During an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of _________ binds to the enzyme and is broken down into one or more molecules of _______, which are released.

Substrate; Product