Cell Biology Exam 1

24. Polar molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, are to be hyd because? A. They will interact with water molecules B. They will not interact with water molecules. C. they are comprised of water molecules D. they are comprised of phosphate molecules E. They need phosphate molecules to function

A

26. Functional groups are small groups of atoms that provide a moleale with characteristic chemical and properties such as polarity, acidity and basicity. True or False?

A

27. The general for a molecule made up of many similar subunits is? A. Polymer. B. Peptide C. Functional group. D. Helix E. Monopoly.

A

35. Many enzymes are in the form of protein but not all protein are enzymes. True or false

A

36. Most enzymes bonds. bring or substrates (reactants) together in a way that either strains the bonds holding the atoms together or brings them close together in an orientation that facilitates the formation of new bonds. True or False?

A

40. Enzymes facilitate reactions in living systems, The below figure represents an energy diagram for the reaction X Y. The solid line in the energy diagram represents changes in energy as the reactant is converted to product in the absence of an enzyme. The dashed line shows changes observed when the same reaction takes place in the presence of an enzyme. Which equation below indicates how the presence of an enzyme affects the activation energy of the reaction (catalyzed versus uncatalyzed)? reaction pathway A. d a versus b a. B. a d versus a t b. C. d c versus b -a. D. d-c versus b c. E. Not enough information is provided to answer this question correctly.

A

45. In addition to stating the flow of genetic information, the central dogma of molecular biology also states that such genetic information cannot be transferred from protein to either protein or nucleic acid. True or False?

A

47. According to Crick ""It would certainly be of great interest to find a cell which... used single-stranded ___ as messenger rather than RNA." A. DNA B. Amino Acids C. Sugars D. Fats E. Ribose-containing nucleotides

A

14. Which structure found in eukaryotic cells, confines the chromosomes, keeping them separated from other components of the cell? A. Chloroplast. B. Nucleus. C. Endoplasmic reticulum. D. Golgi apparatus. E. Lysosome.

B

19. Which type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons? A. An ionic bond. B. A covalent bond. C. A hydrophobic bond. D. A hydrogen bond. E. A van der Waals interaction.

B

20. Which type of bond/interaction is the strongest (under physiological conditions)? A. An ionic bond. B. A covalent bond. C. A hydrophobic interaction. D. A bond. E. More than one of the above is correct.

B

25. An acid is a substance that the solution more hydrogen ions in a solution and as a result make A. releases, basic B. Releases, acidic C. Picks-up, acidic D. Alters, hydrophobic. E. Absorbs, hydrophilic

B

29. All cells/living organisms use the same set of four ____ regardless of the complexity of the cell/organism? A. Amino acids. B. Nucleotides. C. Fatty acids. D. Monosaccaride. E. Peptides.

B

3. Individual molecules can be seen with a light microscope. True. A or False B

B

33. Which the of the below id the correct flow of genetic information? A. RNA--DNA--Protein B. DNA--RNA--protein C. protein--RNA--DNA D. DNA--Protein--RNA E. MSU--ABC--BYO

B

34. The shapes of most biological macromolecules are held in a place largely by strong covalent bonds that form between different parts of the molecules. true or False?

B

50. Are you serious???? We've only covered 2.5 chapters since the start of the term!!!! True A or False?

B

9. The genetic information of all cells is stored in the? A. Starch. B. DNA. C. Polysaccarides D. Proteins. E. Lipids.

B

1. cell biology is the study of? A. Genetic disorders B. Plant anatomy. C. The properties of cellular life. D. Cellular organic chemistry. E. Evolution.

C

15. organic chemistry is the field of chemistry that studies what type of molecules? A. Nitrogen containing molecules. B. Oxygen containing molecules. C. Carbon containing molecules. D. covalent molecules. E. Non-covalent molecules.

C

18. Which the statements given below best describes the difference between an element and a motecule? A. An element is comprised of atoms, while a molecule is not. B. An element is unstable, while a molecule is not. C. An element is composed of only one kind of atom, a molecule may not be. D. Elements always have lower atomic weights than molecules. E. Elements exist in nature only as parts of molecules.

C

2. Which one of the below is correct? A. Molecules are made up of cells, which are made up atoms. B. Atoms are made up of molecules, which are made up of cells. C. Cells are made up of molecules, which are made up of atoms D. Cells are made up of atoms, which are made up of molecules E. Cells are made up of which are made up of atoms.

C

23. hich one(s) of below is talse regarding hydrogen bonds? the A. help form protein secondary structures B. They are an important part of coiling and folding in molecules such as DNA and protein C. They are the one type of bond used to create a protein ligand interaction. D. They are among the weakest bonds because they interaction. great frequency. E. Non of the above; they are all do not di electrons and break with true.

C

28. Which of the below is incorrectly matched? A. Amino acid Protein. B. nucleotide- nucleic acid C. Fatty acid- carbohydrate. D. Monosaccaride- polysaccharide E. None of the above; they are all correctly matched.

C

31. Amino acids within a polypeptide strand are linked together by? A. Hydrogen bonds. B. Peptide bonds, C. Covalent bonds. D. Ionic bonds. E. Noncovalent bonds.

C

32. Nucleotides within a nucleotide strand are linked together by? A. Hydrogen bonds. B. Peptide bonds. C. Covalent bonds. D. Ionic bonds. E. Noncovalent bonds.

C

39. You are trying to perform a chemical reaction for your lab exercise and you only have 5 minutes left in lab. How could you the rate the chemical reaction so that you can get it done in time? A. Increase the amount of activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. B. an inhibitor to the C. Add a catalyst to the reaction. D. Decrease the concentration of reactants in the reaction. E. Decrease the temperature of the reactants/reaction.

C

46. According to Crick "It would certainly be of great interest to find a cell which had __ as its genetic material and no DNA. A. Lipids B. Proteins C. RNA D. carbohydrates E. More of the above is correct

C

13. Which of the below is an example of a prokaryotic cell? A. Plant. B. Dog. C. Animal D. Bacteria. E. Human.

D

16. What is smallest component of an element that still retains its distinctive chemical properties? A. Subatomic particle(s). B. Proton. C. Neutron. D. Atom E. Molecule.

D

21. Which A. term refers to water having partial positive charges and a partial A. Cohesion. B. Suface Tension. C. Good solvent. D. Polar. E. Adhesion.

D

30. The structural component of an amino acid that makes each one different and unique from one another is the? A. Amino group. B. Carboxyl group. C. Hydrogen atom. D. R group. E. More than one of the above is correct.

D

41. Which one of the following statements regarding enzyme inhibition is true? A. Noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme can be overcome by adding large amounts of substrate. B. Noncompetitive inhibitors always bind to the enzyme via covalent bonds. C. Competitive inhibitors always bind to the enzyme via covalent bonds D. Competitive inhibitors compete with the normal substrate for the enzymes active site E. Competitive inhibitors bind to the substrate to prevent them from interacting with the enzyme.

D

42. A noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor can also be considered an allosteric inhibitor. Why? A. They both have a shape/structure that is similarlldentical to the normal substrate. B. They both bind to the active site of an enzyme to inhibit enzyme C. They both bind to the normal substrate and prevent it from binding to the active site. D. They both change the shape/structure of the enzyme to inhibit enzyme function. E. They both can change their shape depending upon their concentration.

D

43. Which of the above figures represents the "Central Dogma"" according to crick? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5

D

5. Which one of the below types of microscope is able to visualize the greatest details cell? A. Magnifying microscope. B. Light microscope. C. Fluorescent microscope. D. Scanning electron microscope. E. Transmission electron microscope.

D

6. Cells come in various sizes, with smaller cells such as bacterial cells, being a few in length. A. Nanometer(s). B. Millimeter(s). C. Meter(s). D. Micrometer(s). E. Inch (es).

D

10. Which statement is false about the differences between laver cells and kidney cells from the same animal? A. The different cells produce different proteins. B. The difference in thelr general structures results in different cell functions/roles C. The different cells express different genes. D. The different cells have different roles in the body. E. The different cells have different DNA.

E

11. Select the option that correctly finishes the following statement: "A cell's genome A. ls different from one species to another. B. Is comprised of a cell's entire set of DNA. C. Is defined as all the RNA molecules being used to make protein. D. Constantly changes, depending upon the cells environment. E. More than one of the above is correct.

E

12. Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in that they? A. Are typically larger size. B. nucleus. C. Contain membrane-enclosed organelles. D. Have multiple molecules of DNA. E. More than one of the above is correct.

E

17. Neutrons have a electrical charge and are found in the the atom? A. Positive, nucleus, B. Negative, nucleus. C. Negative, outer orbitals/shells. D. Neutral, outer orbitalslshells. E. Neutral, nucleus.

E

22. Which one(s) of the below is considered to be a A. van der Waals lent B. An ionic bond. interactions. action? C. A hydrogen bond. D. Hydrophobic interactions E. All of the above interactions, correct.

E

37. Enzymes ligands, inhibitors, and activators can bind to and interact with the enzyme via? A. Hydrophobic interactions B. Van der Waals interactions C. Covalent bonds D. Hydrogen bonds E. More than one of the above correct

E

38. You measure the amount of the enzyme activity in the presence of substrate X and notice that as you add compound Z the amount of enzyme activity increases. This indicated that the compound Z is most likely A(n) ___. A. Allosteric inhibitor B. Lipid C. Non-competitive inhibitor D. Competitive inhibitor E. Activator

E

4. Which one of the below types of microscope is able to visualize the greatest details inside a cell? A. Magnifying microscope. B. Light microscope. C. Fluorescent microscope. D. Scanning electron microscope. E. Transmission electron microscope.

E

44. Based on the below figure, which of the below is the correct order for the now of genetic to A. 3, 4, 5, 1. B. 2, 4. C. 7, 8, 6. D. 5, 1, information E. 6, 2.

E

48, which of the below statements are correct? 1. The nucleus of an atom is where the protons and neutrons are located. 2. An atom has more electrons than protons. 3. All atoms of the same element have the same number of neutrons. 4. If an atom has 88 protons, it therefore has 88 neutrons. 5. The number of electrons determines whether the atom is or reactive. 6. Hydrogen are weak and can be broken by thermal energy, yet they contribute 7. significantly to the specificity of interactions between Carbon bonds are weak and easily broken. Hydrogen 8. bonds are type or form of ionic bond because there is an electrical attraction a between opposite charges. A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 B. 2, 3, 4, 5 C. 1, 3, 5 D. 6, 7, E. 1, 5, 6, 8

E

49. Utilizing the below terms, what would be the correct order that they go in to make each sentence in the following paragraph correct? An enzyme is considered to be a biological (1) and is typical present in the cell as can (2) An enzyme is very and make a reaction occur much (3) and efficient. A single enzyme does so by binding to its' than it would without the present of an enzyme substrate at the 5) site to allow for the reaction to occur. Activator. Reaction, Catalyst. Specific. Slower. Allosteric. Active. Faster. A. (1) Activator, (2) Lupid, (3) Active, (4) specific, (5) Activator. B. (1) Lipids, (2) Protein, (3) Active, (4) Faster, (5) Allosteric. C. (1) Protein, (2) Allosteric, (3) Specific, (4) Slower, Reaction. D. (1) Activator, (2) Protein, (3) Catalyst, (4) Faster, (5) Reaction.

E

8. Select the option that could comectly finishes the following statement: "A model organism is A. A mouse that is used to see how its skin reacts to a newly designed skin lotion that is planned to be used on humans. B. used to study and understand a specific biological phenomenon that will potentially provide insight into how that phenomenon might occur in another organism. C. A clay model of an organism used to understand evolution. D. A virtual organism used to study anatomy and physiology. E. More than one of the above is correct.

E

7. Which one of the below "shapes" is the correct shape for all cell types? A. 1 and 2 only. B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. All of the above are correct.

E (includes all shapes in the diagram)