Cell Communication/ Immune system

Which of the following cells participate in nonspecific defense responses when your body is invaded by microbes?

All of the above (natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils)

If a person's bone marrow were destroyed by radiation, which of the following cells could not be produced?

All of the above, (B cells, T cells, neutrophils)

Antigen presenting cells are important in that they

Allow helper T-cells to recognize a viral invader

Which of the following best describes the difference in the way B cells and cytotoxic T cells respond to invaders?

B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus- infected cells

AIDS is such a deadly disease because the AIDS virus attacks and destroys

CD4+ T cells

With innate immunity

Each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same.

Lipid-soluble molecules, such as testosterone, cross the membranes of all cells but affect only target cells because

Intracellular receptors are present only in target cells

Which type of surface marker is present on every nucleated cell in your body?

MHC-I

Antibodies are powerful weapons in the body's defense against microorganisms. However, there are limits to what an antibody can actually do. Which of the following is NOT an action that an antibody can actually accomplish?

Poke microscopic "holes" in a bacterial cell membrane, causing it to die

What is your ultimate (and intrestingly your first) protection against external pathogens and invaders?

Skin

Which of the following results in long-term immunity?

The administration of the chicken pox vaccine

How do people contract salmonella poisoning?

The microbe can survive the acidic of the stomach and resist lysosomal degredation in macrophages

Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because

They amplify the original signal manyfold

A person with an anti-A and anti-B antibodies in their blood has what blood type?

Type O

The inflammatory response includes all of the following EXCEPT

Vessel constriction

All of the following are part of our antigen specific defense mechanisms except

acute inflammation

The proteins secreted by plasma cells are called

antibodies

Consider the pathway: epinepherine -> G protein-coupled receptor->G protein->adenylyl cyclase ->cAMP. Identify the second messenger

cAMP

The secretion of antibodies by lymphocyte B cells provides

humoral immunity

Once vaccinated, you have had a primary exposure to specific antigens. If yiu ever encounter this antigen again, you will mount a rapid immune response due to

memory cells

Name the process a cell such as a neutrophil or other macrophage uses to ingest a pathogen

phagocytosis