Cells and Tissues Exam
simple squamous epithelium
A (flip)
Which of the following represents a segment of RNA? a) AUGUCA b) ATGCTA c) TGCGTT d) CTGTGG e) GTCATA
AUGUCA
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? a) the biochemical activities of cells depends on the number... b) the human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells c) cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms d) the activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activ.. e) the continuity of life has a cellular basis
B
simple cuboidal epithelium
B
If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________________.
CAT-CGT
stratified squamous epithelium
D
___________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.
Desmosomes
Skeletal muscle tissue
E
In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is __________.
cytokinesis
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.
cytoplasm
The _______________ is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell.
cytoskeleton
The three major components of the cytoplasm are the _____________.
cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured _______________.
dense (fibrouse) connective tissue
Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.
endocrine (glandular epithelium)
Define Active Transport
energy (ATP) needed to move substances from low to high concentration, move up the concentration gradient
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? a) facilitated diffusion and solute pumping b) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport c) vesicular transport and osmosis d) osmosis and filtration e) filtration and exocytosis
facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
True/False: Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water
false
True/False: Protein synthesis occurs on lysosomes in the cell
false
True/False: Sperm are the only cells in the human body to possess cilia
false
True/False: The process of facilitated diffusion requires energy.
false
The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called ___________.
filtration
Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?
flagella
Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle? a) mitochondrion b) golgi apparatus c) flagellum d) rough endoplasmic reticulum e) peroxisome
flagellum
Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissues are _____________.
gap junctions
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ______________.
gap junctions
The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) _____________.
gene
Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion? a) carbon dioxide b) water c) oxygen d) fat-soluble vitamins e) glucose
glucose
The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ______________.
golgi apparatus
Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus? a) nuclear envelope b) nucleolus c) golgi apparatus d) chromatin e) nuclear pores
golgi apparatus
The phospholipid tails are _____________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.
hydrophobic
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is
hypotonic
The chell shown in has been placed into a(an) ____________ solution > (cell broken like a egg)
hypotonic
DNA replication takes place during _____________.
interphase
The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is __________.
interphase
The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as _____________.
interphase
The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the _____________ fluid
intracellular
Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic picture: define Hypotonic
less solute on the outside of the cell so the water is coming in the cell, making the cell full and burst
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the golgi apparatus is the _____________.
lysosome
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?
membrane pores and protein carrier or channel
The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the _______________.
mitochondria
Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic picture: define Hypertonic
more solute on the outside of the cell so the water is leaving the cell, making it shrivel/shrink
Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue ______________.
movement is involuntary and cells possess striations
Neurons and neuroglia are components of _______________.
nervous tissue
Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses?
nervous tissue
The cell type found in nervous tissue is the _____________.
neuron
The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called _____________.
organelles
Passive processes that move substances across membranes ______________.
osmosis
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________________.
osmosis
Bone is best described as ______
osseous tissue
Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic picture: define Isotonic
perfect balance between solutions
Two types of endocytosis are ______________.
phagocytosis and pinocytosis
What is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasma membrane?
phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head
A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?
prophase
The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ______________.
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as
regeneration
Passive processes that move substances across membranes _____________.
require no ATP
Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow
reticular connective tissue
Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?
scar tissue
A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that cell will ___________
shrink
The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is _____________.
simple columnar
A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ____________.
simple squamous
A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as _______________.
simple squamous epithelium
Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?
skeletal muscle
____________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells.
smooth
Which tissue performs peristalsis to move substances, such as food, through the hollow organs of the body?
smooth muscle tissue
Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ________ epithelial tissue.
stratified squamous
Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ______________ epithelial tissue
stratified squamous
Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells? a) pseudostratified columnar epithelium b) simple squamous epithelium c) simple columnar epithelium d) simple cuboidal epithelium e) stratified squamous epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with while cytosine pairs with _______________
thymine; guanine
The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________________.
tight junctions
Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as _____________.
tissues
The two major phases of protein synthesis are _______________.
transcription and translation
The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ___________ and ____________.
transcription; translation
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ______________.
transfer RNA (tRNA)
The process of transcription _______________.
transfers information from DNA into mRNA
Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?
transitional epithelium
True/False: Anaphase is the stage of cell division when the cleavage furrow first appears.
true
True/False: Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA
true
True/False: Mitotic spindles guide the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.
true
True/False: Osmosis is the process of water moving down the concentration gradient
true
True/False: Peroxisomes detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, such as alcohol
true
During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA?
uracil
DNA replication takes place during ________________.
S (synthesis) stage
The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of _____________ process
active
______________ tissue is commonly called fat
adipose
Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the __________ surface
apical
Osmosis transports water across membranes using ____________.
aquaporins
cardiac muscle tissue illustration
c
The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is _______________.
cartilage
Which type of connective tissue is avascular?
cartilage ("chondro")
The structural and functional unit of all living things is the _____________.
cell
The purpose of ______________ is to produce two genetically identical cells
cell division
Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ____________.
codons
What is required for diffusion to occur?
concentration gradient
The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is ____________ tissue
connective
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called _______________.
connective tissue
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called _________________
connective tissue
The tissue shown in the figure (stratified squamous) most likely ____________.
covers and lines body surfaces
______________ glands posses ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces
Exocrine
What is the difference between Exocrine and Endocrine glands?
Exocrine secretes through ducts while Endocrine goes to the blood vessels
