Cells and Tissues Exam

simple squamous epithelium

A (flip)

Which of the following represents a segment of RNA? a) AUGUCA b) ATGCTA c) TGCGTT d) CTGTGG e) GTCATA

AUGUCA

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? a) the biochemical activities of cells depends on the number... b) the human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells c) cells are the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms d) the activity of an organism depends on its collective cellular activ.. e) the continuity of life has a cellular basis

B

simple cuboidal epithelium

B

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________________.

CAT-CGT

stratified squamous epithelium

D

___________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

Desmosomes

Skeletal muscle tissue

E

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is __________.

cytokinesis

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.

cytoplasm

The _______________ is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell.

cytoskeleton

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the _____________.

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured _______________.

dense (fibrouse) connective tissue

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine (glandular epithelium)

Define Active Transport

energy (ATP) needed to move substances from low to high concentration, move up the concentration gradient

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules? a) facilitated diffusion and solute pumping b) facilitated diffusion and vesicular transport c) vesicular transport and osmosis d) osmosis and filtration e) filtration and exocytosis

facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

True/False: Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water

false

True/False: Protein synthesis occurs on lysosomes in the cell

false

True/False: Sperm are the only cells in the human body to possess cilia

false

True/False: The process of facilitated diffusion requires energy.

false

The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called ___________.

filtration

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

flagella

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle? a) mitochondrion b) golgi apparatus c) flagellum d) rough endoplasmic reticulum e) peroxisome

flagellum

Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissues are _____________.

gap junctions

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ______________.

gap junctions

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) _____________.

gene

Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion? a) carbon dioxide b) water c) oxygen d) fat-soluble vitamins e) glucose

glucose

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ______________.

golgi apparatus

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus? a) nuclear envelope b) nucleolus c) golgi apparatus d) chromatin e) nuclear pores

golgi apparatus

The phospholipid tails are _____________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

hydrophobic

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is

hypotonic

The chell shown in has been placed into a(an) ____________ solution > (cell broken like a egg)

hypotonic

DNA replication takes place during _____________.

interphase

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is __________.

interphase

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as _____________.

interphase

The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the _____________ fluid

intracellular

Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic picture: define Hypotonic

less solute on the outside of the cell so the water is coming in the cell, making the cell full and burst

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the golgi apparatus is the _____________.

lysosome

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

membrane pores and protein carrier or channel

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the _______________.

mitochondria

Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic picture: define Hypertonic

more solute on the outside of the cell so the water is leaving the cell, making it shrivel/shrink

Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue ______________.

movement is involuntary and cells possess striations

Neurons and neuroglia are components of _______________.

nervous tissue

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses?

nervous tissue

The cell type found in nervous tissue is the _____________.

neuron

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called _____________.

organelles

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ______________.

osmosis

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________________.

osmosis

Bone is best described as ______

osseous tissue

Hypertonic, Isotonic, Hypotonic picture: define Isotonic

perfect balance between solutions

Two types of endocytosis are ______________.

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

What is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasma membrane?

phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head

A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?

prophase

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ______________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as

regeneration

Passive processes that move substances across membranes _____________.

require no ATP

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow

reticular connective tissue

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

scar tissue

A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that cell will ___________

shrink

The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is _____________.

simple columnar

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as ____________.

simple squamous

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as _______________.

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?

skeletal muscle

____________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells.

smooth

Which tissue performs peristalsis to move substances, such as food, through the hollow organs of the body?

smooth muscle tissue

Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ________ epithelial tissue.

stratified squamous

Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ______________ epithelial tissue

stratified squamous

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells? a) pseudostratified columnar epithelium b) simple squamous epithelium c) simple columnar epithelium d) simple cuboidal epithelium e) stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with while cytosine pairs with _______________

thymine; guanine

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________________.

tight junctions

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as _____________.

tissues

The two major phases of protein synthesis are _______________.

transcription and translation

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ___________ and ____________.

transcription; translation

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ______________.

transfer RNA (tRNA)

The process of transcription _______________.

transfers information from DNA into mRNA

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

True/False: Anaphase is the stage of cell division when the cleavage furrow first appears.

true

True/False: Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA

true

True/False: Mitotic spindles guide the separation of chromosomes during mitosis.

true

True/False: Osmosis is the process of water moving down the concentration gradient

true

True/False: Peroxisomes detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, such as alcohol

true

During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA?

uracil

DNA replication takes place during ________________.

S (synthesis) stage

The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of _____________ process

active

______________ tissue is commonly called fat

adipose

Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the __________ surface

apical

Osmosis transports water across membranes using ____________.

aquaporins

cardiac muscle tissue illustration

c

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is _______________.

cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

cartilage ("chondro")

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the _____________.

cell

The purpose of ______________ is to produce two genetically identical cells

cell division

Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ____________.

codons

What is required for diffusion to occur?

concentration gradient

The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is ____________ tissue

connective

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called _______________.

connective tissue

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called _________________

connective tissue

The tissue shown in the figure (stratified squamous) most likely ____________.

covers and lines body surfaces

______________ glands posses ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces

Exocrine

What is the difference between Exocrine and Endocrine glands?

Exocrine secretes through ducts while Endocrine goes to the blood vessels