CGS2100 Study Guide
mobile commerce
(or m-commerce) is conducting commercial transactions online through a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile device.
omnidirectional
3-D sound technology is better at convincing the human ear that sound is _________.
Clock speed Number of cores Parallel processing Amount of cache memory
A CPU's processing power is determined by what?
Protocol (set of rules) used to retrieve the document Domain name Path or subdirectory
A URL has several parts that help identify the web document it stands for:
video log
A _____ ____ (vlog or video blog) is a blog that uses video as the primary content.
blog
A ______ (short for weblog) is a personal log or journal posted on the web.
Redundant array of independent disks (RAID)
A ______ ______ ___ _____ _____ is a set of strategies for using more than one drive in a system
search engine
A ______ ______ is a set of programs that searches for keywords and returns a list of the websites on which those keywords are found.
Beta version
A ______ ______ is a trial version used to help the company debug its software.
wizard
A ______ walks through the steps necessary to complete a task.
computer network
A _______ _______ is simply two or more computers that are connected via software and hardware so that they can communicate with each other.
podcast
A _______ is a form of digital media composed of a series of audio or video files that are distributed over the Internet.
browser
A _______ is software that lets you locate, view, and navigate the web.
webcast
A _______ is the broadcast of audio or video over the Internet.
solid-state drive (SSD)
A _______-_____ _______ uses electronic memory and has no mechanical motors or moving parts. Having no mechanical motors allows ____s to offer incredibly fast access times.
template
A ________ is a predesigned form.
macro
A __________ is a small program that groups a series of commands.
hard drive
A full installation copies all the most commonly used files to your _______ _______.
platter
A hard drive has several coated, round, thin plates of metal stacked on a spindle. Each plate is called a _______.
End User License Agreement
A software license, also known as an _____ _____ ______ ______, is an agreement between you, the user, and the software company.
Perception
AI systems have senses just as we do. Instead of just five, AI systems use sonar, accelerometers, infrared, magnetic, and many other electronic sensors to gather data. Being able to combine all the data pouring in from sensors and then construct information from it is a difficult challenge.
planning
AI systems need to set goals and then achieve them. An AI system might need to plan how to move a blue block out of the way to reach a red one or how to rotate as it moves to fit through a narrow opening.
chat with only those who share the same IM service and are on your contact or buddy list.
AIM, Google Chat, Windows Messenger, and Yahoo! Messenger are proprietary IM services, meaning you can
instinct; intelligence
Animals can exhibit remarkable behavior, such as birds flying south for the winter, but this is attributed to _____ rather than _______
Ushahidi
Another example of the interaction of technology and society is the software tool ______. Following a disputed election in Kenya, violence broke out all over the country. Nairobi lawyer Ory Okolloh tried to get word of the violence out to the world through her blog, but she couldn't keep up with the volume of reports. However, two programmers saw her request for help and in a few days created ________ (Swahili for "testimony"). It is a crisis-mapping tool that collects information from e-mails, text messages, blog posts, and Twitter tweets and then maps them, instantly making the information publicly available. The developers then made _________ a free platform anyone in the world can use (see Figure 1.2). It has since been used in several international disasters. When a tsunami brought Japan to the brink of a nuclear catastrophe, _________ let anyone with a mobile phone find locations with clean water and food. It has been used to coordinate the anti-apartheid movement in Palestine and to raise awareness about violence against women and children in India.
Web 2.0
As more and more web applications began to appear that allowed each individual to become a "creator" of the web, a new kind of Internet came into being. It was nicknamed ____ ___, and it had a set of features and functionality that allowed users to contribute content easily and to be easily connected to each other. Now everyone could collaborate internationally at the click of a mouse.
artificial neural networks
As noted earlier, expert systems, computer programs that try to mimic the experience of human experts (such as doctors or lawyers), were among the first attempts at producing AI. Rules-based systems, software that asks questions and responds based on preprogrammed algorithms, were the first expert systems designed. These systems asked questions ("Do you have a fever?") and initiated other questions or actions based on the answers ("How long have you had a fever?") and worked adequately for some expert systems. But just a list of rules was not enough to handle more difficult tasks. Human beings learn from a bottom-up approach—that is, learning from examples rather than going through rote rules. To create AI systems using a bottom-up approach, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been developed. ANNs are constructed based on the structure of the human brain (see Figure 1.9) using loosely connected artificial neurons. When signals (information) are received in sufficient strength, a neuron is activated and the signal travels to other neurons connected to it. Unlike the human brain, the signals and the states of artificial neurons are represented by numbers between 0 and 1. Many modern ANNs feature different layers of neurons that allow for expressing various degrees of complexity rather than just pure Boolean states (like "on" or "off"). ANNs have allowed researchers to tackle complex problems such as speech recognition.
Mercury
Before throwing away a system, it is important to consider the environmental impact. ________ in LCD screens and cadmium in batteries and circuit boards are all toxic.
authority, bias, relevance, audience, links The answers will help you decide whether you should consider a website to be a good source of information.
Before you use an Internet resource, consider:
mimic Consider visiting the library. You could tell a human librarian your interests and the librarian could ask you additional questions about your likes and dislikes. Using a unique combination of human logic and intuition, combined with his or her experience with other library patrons, the librarian could recommend books you may enjoy. The Amazon recommendation engine fulfills the same purpose by suggesting books you may like while you're shopping on Amazon. However, the Amazon recommendation engine doesn't mimic a human librarian's thought process, but rather analyzes vast amounts of data about you and other shoppers to make its recommendations. It provides intelligent results, but it does not arrive at those results the same way a human would.
But the goal of AI has shifted somewhat toward machines that generate intelligent output but that do not necessarily ______ the human thought process.
excess time and free tools for collaboration.
Cognitive surplus means that we now find many people with - more money than free time. - limited access to the Internet. - excess time and free tools for collaboration. - mobile devices.
increase the use of a single product by sharing access to it.
Collaborative consumption is when people get together to - find the best prices on products. - exchange reviews on services and goods they have purchased. - fight diseases of the respiratory tract. - increase the use of a single product by sharing access to it.
Recovery
Creating a _________ drive helps to recover from a computer crash.
gathering financial contributions from supporters.
Crowdfunding helps startup businesses by - selling stock more easily. - gathering financial contributions from supporters. - using QR codes to advertise and market products. - replacing Web 2.0 technology.
ethernet
Developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This applies to wireless and wired networks.
attachments
E-mail is convenient for exchanging and collaborating on documents via ________.
node A node can be a computer, a peripheral such as a printer or game console, or a network device such as a router.
Each device connected to a network is referred to as a ______.
IP address Because IP addresses are difficult for people to remember, websites are given text versions of their IP addresses.
Each website is assigned an ___ _______
access vs. ownership ZipCar allows hundreds of thousands of people to use shared cars. Citi Bike is catching on in many U.S. cities as a convenient and eco-friendly way to get around a metropolitan area.
Even the idea of ownership is evolving thanks to new technologies. Items like cars and bicycles can become "subscriptions" instead of large one-time purchases.
electronic checkbook registers and automatic bill payment tools. With these features, you can make recurring monthly payments, such as rent or student loans, with automatically scheduled online payments.
Financial planning programs include
license agreement This concept of redistributing modified open source software under the same terms as the original software is known as copyleft.
Generally, the agreement states who the ultimate owner of the software is, under what circumstances copies of the software can be made, and whether the software can be installed on any other machine. Finally, the ______ _______ will state what, if any, warranty comes with the software.
Look for indicators that the website is secure. Check that the beginning of the URL changes from "http://" to "https://". Shop at well-known, reputable sites. Pay by credit card, not debit card. Check the return policy, and save a copy of the order and confirmation number. Avoid making online transactions when using public computers.
Guidelines to make online shopping safer
denial-of-service; cyberterrorism
Hacktivism often takes the form of _____-___-____ attacks in which websites are bombarded with requests for information until they are overwhelmed and legitimate users can't access the site. At other times, hacktivism takes the form of _________, where the objective is to embarrass or harass a company by penetrating its computer networks and stealing (and often publishing) sensitive information.
problem solving
Human beings tend to make intuitive judgments when solving a problem rather than performing a step-by-step analysis. AI programming combines a rules-based approach along with trying to make judgments with incomplete information.
Try System Restore Consider Windows Refresh Check amount of RAM Investigate any error codes Search with Google
If your system crashes you might:
custom installation
In ________ _________, you decide which features you want installed.
client/server network
In a _______/_______ ______, the client asks for data and the server provides the data.
A means of connecting the nodes on the network—cables or wireless technology. Special hardware devices that allow the nodes to communicate with each other and to send data. Software that allows the network to run.
In order to function, all networks must include:
human
In the 1950s, at the dawn of AI research, the goal was to create a machine that could think like a ______. Early examples included expert systems that mimicked doctors in diagnosing illnesses.
virtual reality (VR)
Instead of adding information to the reality you perceive, ______ _____ replaces it with a different world.
e-mails
It is a more private exchange of information than public social networking sites, but _______ are not really private.
restore point
It is good to set a _______ _______ before installing new software.
crowdfunding
Kickstarter (kickstarter.com) helps us connect in this (Support people's dreams) way by allowing people to post their ideas for community projects, games, and inventions and to ask for funding directly. Donors are given rewards for different levels of pledges, such as a signed edition of a book or a special color of a product. This style of generating capital to start a business is known as _________, asking for small donations from a large number of people, often using the Internet.
learning
Like humans, AI algorithms improve through experience
crowdsourcing
Marketers are aware of the phenomenon of __________ (checking in with the voice of the crowd.)
Decide what to purchase Actual buying process of goods and services
Marketing technology helps us to:
browsers
Most _________ today are graphical browsers, meaning they can display pictures (graphics) in addition to text and other forms of multimedia such as sound and video.
a brick and mortar store or by downloading it from the Internet.
Normally software can be acquired through
dreams
One of the most profound ways we can connect with each other is to support other people's ______.
Really Simple Syndication
Podcasts deliver their content using ______ _______ _______, a format that sends the latest content of the podcast series automatically to an aggregator. An aggregator locates all the RSS series to which you've subscribed and automatically downloads the new content.
Proprietary (Microsoft Office and Apple iWork) Installed: Open Source (LibreOffice) Web-Based (Microsoft Office Online, Google Docs, Zoho, and ThinkFree
Productivity and business software lets you perform various tasks required at home, school, and business. Including:
QR (quick response) codes link to online information and video content.
QR (____ ______) codes link to online information and video content.
social bookmarking
Tagging, known as _______ _______, saves your favorite website to a social bookmarking site so that you can share it with others.
U.S. Department of Defense
The ___ ________ __ ______ needed a computer system that wouldn't be easily disrupted in the event of an attack.
Next Einstein Initiative
The ____ ____ _____ (____) is a plan to focus resources on the talented mathematical minds of Africa
Turing test
The _____ _____ (see Figure 1.15) places a person in a room, asking written questions of two other "people." But one person is a live human being (human foil) while the other is a computer system. If the questioner can't tell which one of the respondents is a computer, then Turing felt the computer had reached "intelligence." The computer is permitted to be deceptive; however, the human foil is required to help the questioner reach the correct conclusion.
CPU
The _____ is located on the system motherboard and is responsible for processing instructions, performing calculations, and managing the flow of information through your computer. The dominant processors on the market are sold by Intel and AMD.
clock speed
The ______ ______ dictates how many instructions the CPU can process each second.
Wikimedia Foundation
The ______ ______ hosts other collaborative projects, such as Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and Wikisource.
History
The ______ list shows all the websites and pages you've visited over a certain period of time.
bookmarks
The _______ feature allows you to return to a specific web page without having to remember the address.
Internet
The __________ is a network of networks connecting billions of computers globally.
backward compatibility.
The ability of current devices to use earlier standards in addition to the current standard is known as ________ _______
cloud computing
The availability of ______ ______, accessing computing resources as needed through the Internet, has made access to stored data much more achievable in a mobile environment.
privacy
The control and _______ of information will continue to be a fine balancing act for the foreseeable future.
not everyone has equal access to the Internet.
The digital divide occurred because - the United States has the fastest Internet access. - crowdfunding is increasing. - not everyone has equal access to the Internet. - everyone now has a smartphone.
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.
The modern Internet evolved from a U.S. government-funded project called the ________ ________ _______ ________ ________
Web 2.0.
The new collaborative, user-created web content has been dubbed _____ ____
top-level domain.
The suffix in the domain name after the dot is called the
cognitive surplus
The term ______ _______ was coined to reflect the combination of leisure time and the tools to be creative.
Install an antivirus program Install a spyware and adware program Clear out unnecessary files Run Disk Defragmenter Automate key utilities
There are several important issues to consider to increase your system's reliability:
YouTube, Flickr, Instagram, and Sound Cloud.
There are several media sharing platforms such as:
Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business-to-business (B2B) Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
There are three types of e-commerce business models:
Web-based and using an E-mail client.
There are two types of email:
Proprietary (Commercial) Open source (free)
There are two ways software is created:
Local installation Software as a Service (SaaS) Subscription
There are various ways to distribute software:
digital divide Prevents use of all minds to solve planet's problems
There is a great gap in the levels of Internet access and the availability of technical tools in different regions of the world. The term coined for this difference in ease of access to technology is the ______ ______.
embodied agents
This has led to designs that mimic how humans walk and grasp objects, which is also leading to robots that look and act like human beings or ____ _____
breadcrumb trail
To help you navigate more quickly through a website, some sites provide a ______ ______—a navigation aid that shows users the path they have taken to get to a web page
social
Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram enable people to connect and exchange ideas. These same tools are also bringing together people facing similar problems to fight for ______ change.
establishing a secure form of communications and creating a means by which all computers could communicate.
Two concerns were addressed when establishing the internet:
data mining
Under retail, businesses use a technique known as ____ ____, the process of searching huge amounts of data with the hope of finding a pattern. Managers can use mined data to determine that if a certain product is to sell well, they must lower its price—especially if they cut the price at one store and see sales increase, for example. _____ ______ allows retailers to respond to consumer buying patterns.
backward compatible
Vendors make new versions ________ _________, meaning that the new versions can recognize (open) files created with older versions.
video memory
Video systems include their own RAM, called _____ _______.
- natural language processing - perception - knowledge representation - planning - problem solving - learning
What are the main areas of research for AI?
- Artificial Neural Networks - Big Data - Cloud computing - Advances in machine learning
What has enabled us to deploy effective AI systems?
Today, AI researchers are looking to develop systems that are inspired by how humans think. Then they use the strengths of computers to build faster, more powerful tools. An example of this is the IBM Watson computer. Watson has defeated the very best human players in the game Jeopardy, for example.
What is the focus of current AI research?
Protocol address
When connected to the Internet, your computer is assigned a unique number called an Internet _______ _______, which is a set of four groups of numbers separated by periods, such as 123.45.245.91, referred to as a dotted quad or dotted decimal.
machine cycle.
When the CPU performs a program instruction, it goes through the same steps. It fetches the required piece of data or instruction from RAM. It decodes the instruction into something the computer can understand. It executes the instruction. It stores the result to RAM before fetching the next instruction. This process is called a ______ ________
a site's home page.
When the URL is only the domain name, you're requesting what?
Which is NOT a technology that has been used to deliver assistance during times of crisis? - Ushahidi - blend.io - social media - e-mail
wiki
Wikipedia is one example of a ____, a web application that allows users to add, remove, or edit its content.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
You access a website by typing its _______ _______ _______ in your browser.
Boolean operators Search for a phrase Search within a website Use a wild card
You can obtain better search results on the internet by using the following:
application and system software
Your computer has two basic types of software:
Tax preparation software
___ _______ ____, such as Intuit Turbo Tax and H&R Block At Home, lets you prepare your state and federal taxes on your own.
IP addresses
___ ________ are how computers identify each other.
e-commerce
____-_______ is short for electronic commerce and is the process of conducting business online.
Web 2.0
_____ ____ has fostered a dramatic shift across the world, from simply consuming to having the ability to volunteer and collaborate on projects
Augmentative reality (AR)
_____ ____ is the addition of digital information directly into our reality, either to add more detail or at times to remove unwanted visual effects.
UTP cable Coaxial cable Fiber-optic cable
_____ ______ - twisted copper wires surrounded by a plastic jacket. _____ ______ - single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic. ____-_____ _____ - plastic or glass fibers.
Intellectual property
_____ ______ is work that is the result of someone's creativity and knowledge.
MP3
_____ is the most common audio compression format, but there are other compressed formats, such as AAC and WMA.
Crisis-mapping
_____-_____ tools collect information and then maps it, instantly making the information publicly available.
Web 2.0
______ ____ can be classified as social media and include social networking, wikis, blogs, podcasts, and webcasts.
Artificial intelligence (AI)
______ _____ (____) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating computer systems or computer-controlled machines (including robots) able to perform tasks that are usually associated with human intelligence and that are (or were) generally performed by humans.
Artificial intelligence
______ ______ (___) focuses on creating computer systems that have an ability to perform tasks associated with human intelligence
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)
______ ______ ______ _______ uses the Internet to make phone calls.
Moore's Law
______ ______ describes the pace at which central processing units improve. This rule predicts that CPU capacity will double about every two years.
Collaborative consumption
______ ______ implies that we are joining together as a group to use a specific product more efficiently.
deep learning
______ ______ is a subset of the ML field that describes systems capable of learning from their mistakes (just as humans do). DL systems therefore improve their accuracy going forward. For instance, if an AI system is being used to identify objects in pictures, it might misidentify a Vespa motor scooter (see Figure 1.10) as a Honda motorcycle, based on the fact that it has two wheels and holds one or two riders. A DL system would, after being told of the misidentification, learn to use other attributes (such as the unique shape of the body) for distinguishing a Vespa from a motorcycle.
Social networking
______ ______ is using the web to communicate and share information. you need to use precautions when using these websites
unsupervised learning
______ ______ is when a system can look at data on its own and build rules for deciding what it is seeing.
Information technology (IT)
______ _______ is a field of study focused on the management and processing of information and the automatic retrieval of information.
Live bookmark
______ _________ is a feature in Firefox that adds the technology of RSS feeds to bookmarking.
laws
______ are formal, written standards designed to apply to everyone.
Amoral
______ behavior occurs when a person has no sense of right and wrong.
ethics
______ is the study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices individuals make.
Hacktivism
_______ (derived from hack and activism) involves using computers and computer networks in a subversive way to promote an agenda usually related to causes such as free speech, human rights, or freedom of information.
Google drive
_______ ______ has wiki-like features to promote similar online collaboration, and specific wiki software, such as Wikispaces and MediaWiki.
Unethical behavior
_______ ______ is not conforming to a set of approved standards of behavior.
supervised learning
_______ ______ is used when the system can be trained with a huge number of examples. When you teach Siri to recognize your voice by reading to it, you're using supervised learning.
Database software
_______ ______ such as Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access are powerful applications that let you store and organize data.
Vertical market software
_______ _______ ______ is designed for a specific industry.
Random access memory RAM is an example of volatile storage. When the power is off, the data stored in RAM is cleared out. In addition to RAM, systems always include nonvolatile storage devices for permanent storage of instructions and data. Read-only memory holds critical start-up instructions. Hard drives provide the largest nonvolatile storage capacity.
_______ _______ _________ is your computer's temporary storage space. Although _____ is a form of storage, it really is the computer's short-term memory.
Accounting software
_______ _______ helps small business owners manage their finances more efficiently by providing tools for tracking accounts receivable and accounts payable. In addition, these applications offer inventory management, payroll, and billing tools.
machine learning(ML)
_______ _______ is a type of AI that doesn't need to be specifically programmed but rather can learn from exposure to, and analysis of, data. ML analyzes patterns in data, then uses the patterns to draw conclusions and adjust the actions of the AI system accordingly. By learning, the AI system can adapt itself and become constantly better at its task. For instance, the more you use Alexa, the better it gets at providing you with relevant information because it remembers what you previously asked it and utilizes that information going forward. For example, if you use smart home products and use Alexa to control them, Alexa might give you shopping recommendations based on new smart home products compatible with your installed devices.
Digital Activism #IceBucketChallenge #BringBackOurGirls
_______ _______ is used to raise awareness about specific issues. Some recent one have been:
computer literacy
_______ _______ means you understand the capabilities and limitations of computers and you know how to use them safely and efficiently.
Project management
_______ _______ tools incorporate tasks and calendars so the individual components as well as the entire project can stay on schedule.
Word processing software Microsoft Word is the most popular word processing program that you can buy and install on your computer. If you are looking for a more affordable alternative, you might want to try an open source alternative such as Writer, a word processing program from the Apache OpenOffice suite.
_______ ________ _______ is used to create and edit documents such as research papers, class notes, and resumes.
open source
_______ ________ software is software that is available free of charge and with few licensing and copyright restrictions.
Microblogs
_______ are blogs with limits on how much text can be used.
MIDI
_______ is an electronics standard that allows different kinds of electronic instruments to communicate with each other and with computers.
freeware
_______ is software that you do not have to pay for.
_______ is the primary means of communication over the Internet because it is fast and convenient. ______ is a written message sent or received over the Internet.
Software
_______ refers to instructions that tell the computer what to do.
Computer-aided design (CAD)
_______-_______ ______ create automated designs, technical drawings, and 3D model visualizations.
Microsoft OneNote
________ _______ is a popular note-taking and organizational tool you can use for research, brainstorming, and collaboration. You can organize notes into tabbed sections. You can access notes from other Microsoft Office applications. A free online option, Evernote, lets you take notes via the web, your phone, or your computer and then sync your notes between your devices. You can share your notes with other Evernote users for easy collaboration.
Multimedia software
________ _______ is required to produce computer games, animations, and movies.
Drawing software
________ _______ lets you create or edit 2-D, line-based drawings. You can use it to create technical diagrams or original nonphotographic drawings, animations, and illustrations using standard tools.
Spreadsheet software Microsoft Excel and Apache OpenOffice Calc are two examples of spreadsheet software.
________ _______ lets you make calculations and perform numerical analyses.
Specialty search engines
________ ________ ________ search only sites that are relevant to a particular topic or industry.
Optical drives
________ ________ are disc drives that use a laser to store and read data. Data is saved to a compact disc, digital video disc, or Blu-ray disc called optical media.
Traditional databases
________ ________ are organized into fields, records, and tables.
Metasearch engines
________ ________ search other search engines rather than individual websites.
Instant messaging
________ ________ services let you communicate in real time over the Internet.
Hyperlinks
________ are specially coded elements that let you jump from one web page to another within the same website or to another site altogether.
Intelligence
________ is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Sociologists point to characteristics that make human beings intelligent, such as learning from experiences, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language.
Uninstalling
________ software removes it from your hard drive.
Pipelining
_________ is a technique that allows the CPU to work on more than one instruction at the same time.
Texting
_________ is the sending of messages between devices.
Automobiles
__________ now contain sophisticated robotic systems to exercise control over the vehicle. But who controls the ethical constraints by which automated robotic machinery like this operates? Consider a selection between a set of bad choices.
Proprietary (Commercial)
__________ software is created by companies for profit and then sold to you.
overclocking
___________ means that you run the CPU at a faster speed than the manufacturer recommends.
Hyperthreading
___________ provides quicker processing of information by enabling a new set of instructions in a different program (or thread) to start executing before the previous set has finished.
AI
any computer program (or computer-controlled device) that accomplishes something normally thought of as intelligence by humans would be considered ___.
no
are upgrades and updates required if you have a subscription to the software or are using software as a service.
retail, banking and personal finance, transportation industries, robots and embodied agents
artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies are providing career opportunities including:
yes
can students often find discounted software?
yes
can you easily create your own blog?
big data
describes the vast amounts of both structured and unstructured data that is generated daily.
no, they don't have to
do systems that display artificial intelligence arrive at their answers in the same way humans do?
system software
helps run the computer and coordinate instructions between application software and the computer's hardware devices.
Describe yourself. List the key principles you believe in. Identify external influences. Consider why. Prepare a statement of values.
how do you determine your personal ethics?
Credit card processors and banks use AI systems to analyze huge volumes of transaction data to spot fraud.
how does AI work with banking and personal finance?
The education industry uses computer technology. Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) assist students with their individualized learning plans (ILPs). They can speed up the grading process. They are being used as plagiarism checkers. Dashboards are screens that show which topics each student has mastered.
how does AI work with education?
Computers are being used in police cars and crime labs to solve an increasing number of crimes. One technique used by modern detectives to solve crimes uses computers to search the vast number of databases on the Internet. A law enforcement specialty called computer forensics is growing in importance in order to fight modern crime. Computer forensics analyzes computer systems with specific techniques to gather potential legal evidence.
how does AI work with law enforcement?
AI can help doctors quickly diagnose conditions with which they're not familiar. AI is also being integrated directly into patient information systems. The design and construction of prosthetic devices is another area of medicine impacted by modern technology. Digital medication looks like regular pills, but these medications have embedded sensors that transmit information to the doctor.
how does AI work with medicine?
Researchers have developed a system to help improve interpersonal skills for people with autism. MACH (My Automated Conversation CoacH) is a computer system that generates an on-screen person that can conduct a job interview or appear ready for a first date. Affective computing is computing that can recognize and simulate human emotions. Engineers work to create computers that process data faster. Psychologists and computer scientists are working toward a more complete understanding of human behavior.
how does AI work with psychology?
The transportation industry has used autopilots on commercial airplanes for years and autonomous vehicles should soon be available. Many robots are deployed in industrial settings doing hazardous, repetitive, or boring tasks.
how does AI work with transportation industries?
Develop and deliver vaccines Increased vaccine production Embedded sensors provide important information Researchers say there is a nearly 100 percent chance of a flu pandemic in the next century. Technology could help us develop and deliver vaccines to save lives. Computationally intense modeling software is helping researchers increase the pace of vaccine production, saving lives. By using computer simulation and collecting impact data from sensors in current football helmets, a safer helmet can be designed.
how is health care being affected by technology?
Tagged with geographical information, data could alert scientists to new trends in our environment.
how is the environment being affected by technology?
Knowledge representation
involves encoding information about the world into formats that the AI system can understand. Humans possess a vast collection of general knowledge based on their experiences in the world. AI systems need to build knowledge bases to solve problems. Developing a knowledge base and using it efficiently are active areas of research and have been demonstrated effectively by Watson.
social commerce
is a subset of e-commerce that uses social networks to assist in marketing and purchasing products.
yes; users do not need to be communicating at the same time
is email asynchronous?
geolocation
smartphones use a GPS chip to calculate your position, and this is called
computer vision
the ability to interpret visual information the ways humans do.
Business-to-business (B2B)
transactions occur when businesses buy and sell goods and services to other businesses.
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
transactions occur when consumers sell to each other.
Business-to-consumer (B2C)
transactions take place between businesses and consumers.
application software
used to do tasks at home, school, and work.
machine learning (ML) Deep learning (DL)
what are advances in machine learning?
There are several benefits to having computers networked: Sharing an Internet connection: A network lets you share the high-speed Internet connection coming into your home. Sharing printers and other peripherals: Networks let you share printers and other peripheral devices. Sharing files: You can share files between networked computers without having to use portable storage devices to transfer the files. Common communications: Computers running different operating systems can communicate on the same network. The major disadvantage of networks is the setup time.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a network
spam blogs (splogs)
what are the problem with blogs?
Use images: Images can convey thoughts or illustrate points. Be careful with color. Use bullets for key points: the limit is four to six bulleted points per slide. Consider font size and style: Keep the font size large enough to read from the back of the room. Keep animation and background audio to a minimum.
what are tips for designing good presentations?
Global differences in website blocking
what does censorship include?
Targeting consumers by their location Used by third party advertising networks Can be a violation of privacy rights No specific laws yet to address privacy issues
what does geolocation do?
3D printing can lead to quality control issues
what does liability include
Predictive policing to prevent crime Military secrets and previously secret documents (WikiLeaks)
what does social justice include
Accelerating change around the world Galvanizing people in new ways Recent political and global issues are showing that technology is accelerating change around the world and galvanizing groups of people in new ways. Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas Crisis-mapping tools collect and map information
what does technology in a global society do?
- health care - the environment - the digital divide
what global social issues are being affected by technology?
It is protected by copyright law and documented by copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
what is intellectual property protected by
One benefit of spreadsheet software is that it can automatically recalculate all formulas and functions in a spreadsheet when values for some of the inputs change.
what is one benefit of spreadsheet software?
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
works to develop AI systems that understand written and spoken words and can interact with humans using language.
