Ch. 1 PrepU Fundamentals of Nursing, Craven

A nurse is changing the bed linen of a client admitted to the health care facility. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse follow?

Standard precautions

What is the most common client site for development of nosocomial infections?

Urinary tract

Which of the following practices by the nurse indicate that the nurse is a professional?

Using evidence-based practice interventions

When pouring a sterile solution, what care should the nurse take to avoid contamination of the solution?

Pour and discard a small amount of the solution before each use

The police have brought a patient to emergency who is out of control and was attacking his neighbor. As you begin the admission process, the first nursing action would be to:

introduce yourself to the patient.

You are working with the experienced nurse in ICU. As you enter the room of the patient diagnosed with a cerebral hemorrhage, the nurse immediately says to you, "This patient is getting worse." This is an example of the nurse using:

intuitive problem identification.

altruism

is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others.

integrity

is acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice.

nursing practice acts

most important law from your state affecting your nursing practice.

A client has come to a healthcare facility for a routine Pap smear. Who among the following is qualified to perform the smear?

nurse midwife

Nursing Theory

nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices.

Developmental Theory

outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception, and ending with death.

Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree?

use research findings to improve practice

While nursing can and has been described in many different ways, the focus of all nursing interventions can be described by which of the following statements?

• Nursing focuses on the human experience and responses of individuals, families, and groups.

Which of the following activities is the clearest example of the evaluation step in the nursing process?

Checking the patient's blood pressure 30 minutes after administering the captopril

Which of the following actions by the nurse best represents the evaluative portion of the nursing process?

Assessing a client's blood pressure after teaching stress reduction techniques

Which of the following is the best example of the nurse in the role of teacher/educator?

Assessing if the client is able to perform a dressing change

The nurse assesses a patient's blood pressure, which was 160/90. Two hours following the administration of hydrochlorothiazide, the nurse reassesses the blood pressure at 140/78. This nursing action is

Assessment

After graduation from an accredited program in nursing and successfully passing the NCLEX, what gives the nurse a legal right to practice?

Being licensed by the State Board of Nursing

Place the events that defined these eras listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline.

Belief in good and evil spirits bringing health or illness existed; medicine men were physicians. ..................Temples were the centers of medical care; belief that illness is caused by sin and the displeasure of the gods existed; priests were physicians.......................Focus on religion was replaced by a focus on warfare, exploration, and expansion of knowledge...............................Hospital schools were organized; female nurses were under control of male hospital administrators and physicians; males dominated the health care setting...................An explosion of knowledge in medicine and technology occurred.....................Varied health care settings developed.

A nurse identifies a patient's health care needs and devises a plan of care to meet those needs. Which guideline is being followed in this case?

Nursing process

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?

Nursing process

The nurse is discussing entry level for professional nursing practices. Which of the following is the most accurate statement by the nurse?

"BSN is the recommended entry level by national nursing organization."

The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state which of the following?

"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces."

The registered nurse is teaching a community health class about illness prevention. Which of the following statements reflects understanding of this concept?

"It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class."

The nurse and a student are discussing entry into the profession of nursing. Which of the following statements should the nurse use to describe a diploma program?

"It is obtained by a 24-month program at a hospital."

The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an eighteen-month-old boy. Which of the following would be the best statement for the nurse to make?

"Keep all medications in a locked cabinet."

The nurse is explaining to another nurse why there should be only one entry into the profession. What is the best statement by the nurse?

"Multiple methods of preparation is confusing to consumers."

A client asks asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. Which of the following is the best answer by the nurse?

"Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority."

A nurse is caring for a client after internal fixation of a compound fracture in the tibia. The nurse finds that the client has not had his dinner, seems restless, and is tossing on the bed. Keeping in mind that the client is a Latino, what is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"Tell me what you are feeling."

A nurse conducting an inservice on the early history of the education of nurses should include which of the following statements?

"The focus was on promoting nursing as a profession."

Routine nasal and rectal swabbing of a newly admitted hospital patient has come back positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), indicating that the patient is colonized with MRSA. The patient is surprised at this finding, since he enjoys generally robust health. What should the patient's nurse teach him about this diagnostic finding?

"This means that this organism in present on your skin, but it doesn't necessarily mean that you will become sick."

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?

18th to 19th century

The nurse is evaluating client health. Which of the following clients should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health?

A client with a leg amputation that performs activities of daily living with a prothesis

The nursing process is

A critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.

The nursing process is:

A critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.

A nurse educator is teaching students the criteria that define nursing as a profession. Which nursing actions are based on these criteria?

A nurse accesses a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge to plan nursing care for patients...........A nurse follows an established code of ethics when performing actions for patients who are in hospice.....................A nurse is committed to using ongoing research when planning nursing care for patients...................... A nurse independently chooses nursing interventions for a patient and uses self-regulation to ensure they are performed properly.

Which of the following is the best example of a nurse in the role of counselor?

A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize their fears of death

One of the American Nurse Association's (ANA) standards of nursing practice is collegiality. In which of the following examples is the nurse utilizing this standard?

A nurse helps a colleague write a journal article....................A nurse encourages a colleague to join the hospital journal club......................A nurse encourages a colleague to join the ANA.

Which one of the following examples of nursing actions would be considered an ethical/legal skill?

A nurse helps a patient prepare a living will

The nurse is describing the role of the nurse entrepreneur. Which of the following statements best describe this role?

A nurse who manages a health-related business

Which of the following organizations is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice?

ANA

After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding about which of the following?

ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in America

A nurse applies for membership in a professional nursing organization that is operating in the United States. To which organizations might this nurse apply?

ANA..................ICN.......................AACN

Which of the following is an accurate guideline for removing soiled gloves after patient care?

After removing the glove on the nondominant hand, hold the removed glove in the remaining gloved hand.

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about his health beliefs based on his

Age and developmental state

Which of the following are names of the transmission-based precautions defined by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC)?

Airborne Precautions................... Droplet Precautions....................Contact Precautions

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?

American Nurses Association

Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good?

Beneficence

For the nursing student to implement the most effective care for her patients, she must

Apply preexisting knowledge

A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state?

Applying for a reciprical license in the new state

The nurse caring for a client with a new diagnosis of cancer allows the client to verbalize fears relating to how to tell the children. The nurse's intervention reflects which aspect of nursing?

Art of nursing

Which of the following statements about glove use and hand hygiene is true?

Artificial fingernails should not be worn by staff involved in direct patient care.

The nurse utilizing the nursing process includes which of the following steps?

Assess............Evaluate..........Implement..............Plan

Nurse H. graduated several years ago from a 2-year nursing program that he took at a community college near his home city. Recently, Nurse H. has considered moving from providing direct patient care into an administrative role, but he recognizes the need to further his education in order to be considered for such a position. Nurse H. most likely possesses which of the following nursing qualifications?

Associate degree

An elderly patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because he lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, he has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of his care is characteristic of which stage of illness?

Assuming a dependent role

A nurse precepting second year nursing students from a community college plans clinical experiences for students who will most likely graduate in which timeframe?

At the end of the year

Which of the following is the best example of a nurse attending an inservice program?

Attending a hospital program on how to use a new IV pump

Hepatitis is classified as a virus that

Causes tissue damage

Which of the following nursing pioneers established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882?

Clara Barton

A registered nurse plans to return to the nursing profession after a long hiatus. Which statement about the trend in health care services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?

Clients enter the health care system acutely ill.

A nurse is planning to continue his/her education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which of the following expanded career roles is the nurse preparing?

Clinical Nurse Specialist

A nurse practitioner considering going back to school to obtain a Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree (DNP) anticipates that the main focus of the curriculum will be on which of the following?

Clinical Practice

A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident occurred. The nurse is implementing which ANA Standard?

Collaboration

A registered nurse adheres to the American Nurses Association's standard of professional performance by engaging in which of the following?

Collaboration

The nurse has entered the room of a newly admitted patient who immediately states that she is feeling short of breath. After identifying this complaint as the patient's problem, what steps should the nurse follow in the process of scientific problem solving?

Collect assessment data .....................Formulate a hypothesis......................Make a plan for action ..........................Perform hypothesis testing....................Evaluate

Trends in managed care have resulted in an increased focus on the care of patients by nurses in which of the following settings?

Community-based settings

Florence Nightingale introduced the concept of apprenticeship for nurses. Which of the following statements is an example of this?

Completing clinical hours supervised by a nursing instructor

A patient who has limited finances and limited capacity for education requires home healthcare for a chronic illness. For the nurse to provide a high level of care to this patient, she must first

Implement critical-thinking skills

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which of the following roles?

Counselor.................Teacher..................Communicator

The inability of a person to recognize his or her own values, beliefs, and practices and those of others because of strong ethnocentric tendencies is termed what

Cultural blindness.

The inability of a person to recognize his or her own values, beliefs, and practices and those of others because of strong ethnocentric tendencies is termed what?

Cultural blindness.

The nurse, after gathering data, analyzes the information to derive meaning. The nurse is involved in which phase of the nursing process?

Diagnosis

There are various levels of preparation for nursing practice. Which degree program will best prepare a nurse to work as a nurse researcher?

Doctoral

Which of the following is an important element of implementation?

Documentation

A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. What educational setting would be most appropriate for this process?

In-service education

A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to clients during the various phases of nursing care. In which of the following activities does the nurse use counseling skills?

Educating a group of young girls about AIDs

What is the best nursing intervention to promote health in a client at risk for heart disease?

Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss

Which of the following actions should the nurse implement when working with a medically homeless client?

Encourage client to utilize the free healthcare clinic.

The nurse discussing emergent pathways to the nursing profession includes which of the following?

Entry level masters degree programs.................RN completion programs for LPNs

Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when he or she reflects on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions?

Evaluating

A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which of the following nursing aims should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient?

Facilitating coping

A nurse is making an occupied bed. Which of the following is a recommended guideline for this procedure?

Fan-fold soiled linens as close to patient as possible.

The nurse is documenting the client's response to a medication. This action reflects a practice that was started by which of the following key figures in nursing's history?

Florence Nightingale

The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which of nursing's key people's contributions to nursing?

Florence Nightingale

Who is considered to be the founder of professional nursing?

Florence Nightingale

Florence Nightingale was a nursing pioneer who challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses. Which statement accurately describes one of her accomplishments?

Florence Nightingale elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. She promoted the publication of books about nursing education and health care. Her belief regarding nursing was that it was separate and distinct from the practice of medicine.

A nurse has collected the blood, urine, and stool specimens of a client with meningococcal meningitis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse take after the testing is complete?.

Flush the specimens and incinerate the containers.

A nurse is caring for a client with ringworm. Which of the following microorganisms causes ringworm in a client?

Fungi

Which of the following is the best example of the nurse implementing QSEN competencies?

Including the client in the morning rounds

Which of the following pieces of personal protective equipment should be removed first?

Gloves

A nurse follows surgical asepsis techniques for inserting an indwelling urinary catheter in a patient. Which of the following is an accurate guideline for using this technique?

Hold sterile objects above waist level to prevent accidental contamination.

A nurse is spraying disinfectant on the equipment in the room of an elderly client. Which of the following pieces of equipment has the highest risk of transmitting infection to an elderly client?

Humidifier

The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of:

Illness prevention

Which nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to promote health?

Increasing student awareness of sexually transmitted diseases by distributing informational pamphlets at a college health center............................Serving as a role model of health for patients by maintaining a healthy weight..................Facilitating decisions about lifestyles that would enhance the well-being of a teenager

Which of the following are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator?

Informing the physical therapist that client's therapy was discontinued........................Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure..................Telling a client their blood pressure

A student has completed a nursing program accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Which of the following is true about the organization?

It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs

The nurse discussing the importance of professional nursing organizations setting standards should include which of the following statements?

It helps identify nursing as a profession.

A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role?

It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?

Lack of educational standards

A graduate nurse applies for a nursing license in Pennsylvania. Which actions are examples of the jurisdiction of the licensing board?

Licensing nurses during the lifetime of the holder..............Denying licensing due to criminal actions...................Allowing graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the NCLEX

Which of the following individuals provided community-based care and founded public health nursing?

Lillian Wald

Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?

Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster established the Henry Street Settlement, which was the first public health service for the sick and poor.

An Arab client has been admitted to the health care facility with varicose veins. What should the nurse avoid while conducting the interview of the client?

Maintaining eye contact

The nurse going back to school for nurse midwifery can trace education for nurse midwifery to which of the following nursing leaders?

Mary Breckinridge

Attracting minorities to the profession of nursing is an important consideration for the future of nursing. Which of the following key historical nursing figures set a precedent in this area?

Mary Elizabeth Mahoney

A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse?

Masters

Amy Jones, a high school senior, wants to become a geriatric nurse practitioner. What nursing degree will she need to attain this goal?

Masters degree

Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century?

Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes.

The nurse understands that for nursing to be considered a profession, many things need to be in place. Which of the following is not part of those considerations?

Multidisciplinary approach

Which of the following national nursing organizations serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators?

National League for Nursing

The nurse notes the initials APRN after a nurse who is ordering a client's medications. According to ANA standards of nursing practice, which of the following is the correct action by the nurse?

No action is needed. This is within the ANA standards for APRNs.

The word ________ originated from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish

Nurse

A nursing student wants to take up an advanced specialty nursing role. Which of the following roles is included in advanced specialty nursing?

Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses.

What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the patient's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes?

Nursing process

Which of the following might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his/her nursing license?

Obtain continuing education credits.

What components are located at the center of a concept map?

Patient's current and past medical histories

Asking questions in PICO format

Patient, Population or Problem of Interest....................Intervention of interest....................Comparison of interest.................Outcome of interest

A nursing instructor has assigned a student to care for a patient of Asian descent. The instructor reminds the student that personal space considerations vary among cultures. What personal space preferences are important for the student to consider when caring for this patient?

People of Asian descent prefer some distance between themselves and others.

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the various nursing theorists in preparation for a class exam. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which theorist as emphasizing the interpersonal interaction between the patient and nurse?

Peplau

While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. Which of the following would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness?

Personality characteristics

A nurse needs to visit the intensive care unit to administer an enema to a client. Which of the following steps should the nurse take when using the sterile solution located at the entrance to the intensive care unit?

Pour and discard a small amount of the solution.

A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated?

Preventing illness

The nurse is providing flu shots to the elderly at a nurse managed wellness center. This is an example of which following aims of nursing?

Preventing illness

A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff nurses play

Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility

Which nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to facilitate coping?

Providing counseling for the family of a teenager with an eating disorder................. Assisting a patient and his/her family to prepare for death.....................Teaching a patient and his/her family how to live with diabetes

During the Christian era, nursing care excluded which area?

Psychiatric services

Which of the following set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle Ages?

Purpose, Direction and Leadership

The diploma nurse is considering obtaining a baccalaureate degree. Which degree should the nurse investigate?

RN to BSN

Which of the following nursing interventions would be the most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding?

Refer the mother for a home care visit.

A nurse is providing nursing care in a neighborhood clinic to single, pregnant teens. Which of the following actions is the best example of using the counselor role as a nurse?

Referring a teen who admits having suicidal thoughts to a mental health care specialist

A nurse has cleansed the infected wound of a middle-aged client. What is the first step nurses take in the orderly sequence for removing their garments?

Removing the garments that are most contaminated first

The nurse is using the nursing process to care for a client and is in the process of making a nursing diagnosis for the client. Which of the following best reflects a nursing diagnosis?

Risk for falls

A nurse needs to check the vital signs of a client with an infectious disease who is receiving intravenous therapy through an IV pump. Before entering the client's room, the nurse follows airborne and contact precautions. Which of the following infectious diseases does the client have?

SARS

The nurse is utilizing knowledge about a blood pressure medication's actions and side effects to determine whether or not to give a client whose blood pressure is low, the prescribed blood pressure medication. Which of the following best describes the aspect of nursing demonstrated?

Science of nursing

Which of the following is the best example of a nurse demonstrating the role of caregiver?

Starting an intravenous line in the client's arm

The nurse wants to find out if ordering physical therapy for a client is within the scope of nursing practice. Which of the following should the nurse review?

State nurse practice act

The nurse is aware that many products in the hospital have the potential to contain latex. Which piece of protective equipment is most likely to contain latex?

Surgical masks

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which of the following roles? Select all that apply.

Teacher, Communicator, Counselor

Which of the following are examples of a RN participating in illness prevention for a client with hypertension?

Teaching lifestyle modifications..............................Providing literature on heart-healty diets.......................Performing risk screenings for hypertension

The nurse asks a client about his spiritual health. Which statement best explains the standard of care utilized by the nurse?

The RN collects comprehensive data.

The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse?

The RN coordinates care delivery.

Which of the following is the best example of client-centered approach to care?

The nurse asking the client about his or her health goals

In which of the following situations would the nurse be most justified in implementing trial-and-error problem solving?

The nurse is attempting to landmark an obese patient's apical pulse.

The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented?

The nurse promotes a safe environment

A nurse is providing care for patients in a long-term care facility. Based on the definitions of nursing in the textbook, what should be the central focus of this care?

The patient receiving the care

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse research

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse researchers?

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.

The nurse working with an LPN understands which of the following about LPNs?

They must take a licensure exam

What have the models of health promotion and illness prevention been used for?

To help healthcare providers understand health-related behaviors.

The nurse is caring for a client after a stroke that left the client's right side weaker than the left. The nurse coordinates the plan of care with the physical therapist. The nurse's interventions reflect which one of nursing's four broad g

To restore health

Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole

To set standards for nursing education and practice

Training schools for nurses were established in the United States after the Civil War. The standards of U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which of the following statements is true about U.S. training schools?

Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees

A nurse in the hospital is caring for a Native American male. What person is most important to include in the care of the client?

Tribal medicine man

A nurse is assessing a client during a health care camp. The nurse observes that the client has poor hygiene and an itchy, infected scalp. Which of the following should the nurse ask the client to do?

Wash hair daily

A nurse is caring for a client with rubella. Which nursing action is an important precaution to be taken when caring for this client?

Wearing a mask when working within 3 feet of the client

A physician tells the nurse that nursing is a discipline, but not a profession. Which of the following criteria should the nurse utilize to demonstrate that nursing is increasingly recognized as a profession?

Well-defined body of knowledge..............Code of ethics.............. Ongoing research

The nurse is responsible for establishing a caring relationship with the patient. The nurse could evaluate her priority for caring by asking self-reflection questions, such as?

What do I know about the patient beyond his physical condition?.............................Do I provide care that is individualized, or do I provide care as planned?.....................How do I decide what the patient needs and prioritize my time?................When the patient's family comes, do I take the time to talk with them?

During the Reformation, what factor influenced the decline of nursing?

Women's subordination to men

The RN is working with hospital administration to transform care at their facility. Which of the following nursing competencies will be critical for the nurse to utilize?

Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams.

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

World War II

Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses is a component of:

a states nurse practice act

A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse?

advocate

deontologic

an action is right or wrong independently of its consequences.

A nurse is assigned the care of a client who has been admitted to the health care facility with high fever. Which nursing skill should be put into practice at the first contact with the client?

assessment

A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all terrain vehicle(ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident occurred. The nurse is implementing which type o

assessment skills

The American Nurses Association (ANA) has published the standards of care for which the nurse is responsible. The Standards of Practice are:

assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Principle based approach of ethics

combines elements of both utilitarian and deontologic theories and offers specific action guides for practice. Four key principles: autonomy, nonmaleficience, beneficence, and justice.

During the clinical rotation, a nurse documents the vital signs of a client on the bedside chart. What role is the nurse playing in such a situation?

communicator

One of the nursing achievements in the Crimean War was that the death rate of soldiers dropped from 60% to 1%. What is the most appropriate reason for the fall in the death rate?

decreased rate of infection and gangrene

Adaptation Theory

defines adaptation as the adjustment of livingmatter to other living things and to the environmental conditions.

General Systems Theory

describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in "systems".

A student nurse understands that the primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiatives is

health promotion.

utilitarian

the rightness of wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action

What is the primary purpose of standards of nursing practice?

to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care

social justice

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles.

A nurse is caring for a client who cannot swallow or expectorate. What interventions to keep the mouth and throat free of accumulating secretions should the nurse perform when caring for this client?

• Provide frequent mouth care........................Arrange for suctioning to remove mucus.....................Assist the client to a lateral position.