ch 10

The anterior tibialis and peroneus longus muscles are antagonist to each other in all of their respective actions. True or false

true

Which of the following has the most potential for requiring emergency care? A) Achilles tendon rupture B) Compartment syndrome C) Shin splints D) Very painful calf cramps

A) Achilles tendon rupture

The gastrocnemius is more effective as a plantar flexor when the knee is: A) Extension B) External rotation C) Flexion D) Internal rotation

A) Extension

Which of the following muscles performs extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting? A) Extensor digitorum longus B) Extensor hallucis longus C) Peroneus tertius D) Tibialis anterior

A) Extensor digitorum longus

Both the tibialis posterior muscle and the flexor digitorum longus muscle are innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1). True or false

true

Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion when contracting concentically? A) Flexor digitorum longus B) Gastrocnemius C) Soleus D) Tibialis anterior

C) Soleus

Which of the following is the correct order starting from the most posterior aspect of the distal lower leg/ankle and moving medially? A) Flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior B) Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior C) Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus D) Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

B) Flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

When the flexor hallucis longus concentrically contracts which of the following actions result? A) Great toe metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal flexion B) Talocrural plantar flexion C) Transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Triceps surae refers to the _____. A) gastrocnemius and soleus B) peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius C) the Tom, Dick & Harry muscles D) triceps fibularis

A) gastrocnemius and soleus

Which of the following muscles may be palpated on the upper lateral side of the tibia; just distal to fibular head and down to immediately posterior to lateral malleolus? A) Fibularis longus B) Gastrocnemius C) Soleus D) Tibialis anterior

A) Fibularis longus

Which of the following statements is not true regarding "shin splints?" A) Attributed to a number of different specific musculotendinous injuries B) May be partially prevented by stretching plantar extensors C) Most often involves tibialis posterior, medial soleus, or anterior tibialis muscles D) Not a specific diagnosis

B) May be partially prevented by stretching plantar extensors

Which of the following muscles is included in the anterior compartment? A) Flexor hallucis longus B) Fibularis longus C) Fibularis tertius D) Plantaris

C) Fibularis tertius

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes and causes movement posteriorly about the frontal plane when contracting concentrically? A) Extensor digitorum longus B) Extensor hallucis longus C) Flexor digitorum longus D) Flexor hallucis longus

C) Flexor digitorum longus

Which of the following is not considered to be a muscular compartment of the lower leg? A) Anterior compartment B) Lateral compartment C) Medial compartment D) Superficial posterior compartment

C) Medial compartment

Which of the following insert on the base of the 5th metatarsal? A) Extensor digitorum longus, peroneus brevis B) Peroneus brevis, peroneus longus C) Peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius D) Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius

C) Peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles are agonist to each other when performing eccentric actions in the frontal plane? A) Extensor digitorum longus, plantaris B) Gastrocnemius, soleus C) Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius D) Tibialis anterior, Fibularis brevis

C) Peroneus longus, peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles are not antagonist of each other in all of their concentric actions? A) Extensor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus B) Flexor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis longus C) Peroneus tertius, flexor digitorum longus D) Tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis

C) Peroneus tertius, flexor digitorum longus

Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the posterior medial surface of the calcaneus? A) Fibularis longus B) Gastrocnemius C) Plantaris D) Soleus

C) Plantaris

Proximal interphalangeal joint motion occurs in the ___ plane about the _____ axis. A) transverse, vertical B) longitudinal, frontal C) sagittal, frontal D) frontal, sagittal

C) sagittal, frontal

The "Tom, Dick, and Harry" phrase refers to the _____, respectively. A) tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus B) tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus C) tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus D) tibialis posterior, extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

C) tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Which of the following muscles does not perform plantar flexion when contracting concentrically? A) Flexor hallucis longus B) Peroneus longus C) Peroneus brevis D) Peroneus tertius

D) Peroneus tertius

Which of the following muscles are antagonist of each other in all of their concentric actions? A) Extensor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus B) Flexor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus C) Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis D) Peroneus tertius, posterior tibialis

D) Peroneus tertius, posterior tibialis

Which of the following muscles are agonist in all of their concentric actions at the talocrural joint? A) Flexor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus B) Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius C) Posterior tibialis, anterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus D) Posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus

D) Posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, peroneus longus

Which of the following is not true regarding the tibiofibular joint? A) Joined at both the proximal and the distal tibiofibular joints B) Minimal movement occurs at this joint C) Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint D) The interosseous membrane is surround the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support

D) The interosseous membrane is surround the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support

Which of the following muscles has their insertion on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal? A) Flexor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior B) Peroneus brevis, tibialis posterior C) Peroneus longus, tibialis posterior D) Tibialis anterior, peroneus longus

D) Tibialis anterior, peroneus longus

The most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the _____. A) extensor digitorum longus B) extensor hallucis longus C) peroneus tertius D) tibialis anterior

D) tibialis anterior

The deep branch of the fibular nerve innervates the: A) fibularis longus and fibularis brevis B) gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus C) peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius D) tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum brevis

D) tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum brevis

An ankle sprain caused by inversion is a common injury that involves the stretching or tearing of one or more of the lateral tendons. True or false

false

Both the tibialis anterior muscle and the extensor digitorum longus muscle are innervated by the tibial nerve (L5, S1). True or false

false

Dorsiflexion, the dorsal aspect of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia, occurs through eccentric contractions of the tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus and fibularis tertius. True or false

false

During both walking and running there is a point where neither foot is touching the ground. True or false

false

Each toe has three interphalangeal joints except for the great toe which has only two True or false

false

Immediately prior to and during normal toe-off the foot should be in pronation and the leg should be in external rotation. True or false

false

The cuboid bone is located medially and distally to the navicular bone. True or false

false

The medial malleolus is an enlarged protrusion located on the distal fibula. True or false

false

Each toe has three phalanxes except for the great toe, which has only two. True or false

true

Heel-strike normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation. True or false

true

Inversion occurs at the talocrural joint by turning the ankle and foot inward toward the midline of the body where the weight is on lateral edge of foot. True or false

true

Motions of the toe metatarsophalangeal joints include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction True or false

true

Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction, whether actively or passively. True or false

true

Severe injuries at the distal tibiofibular joint can involve the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, interosseous ligament, and interosseous membrane. True or false

true

The ankle and foot joints are composed of 26 bones in each foot if not considering the sesamoid and accessory bones. True or false

true

The distal malleoli of the tibia and fibula serve as pulleys for the posterior tendons of the posterior tibialis and peroneus brevis to increase the mechanical advantage of these muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions, respectively. True or false

true

The extensor hallucis longus muscle is a weak agonist to the flexor hallucis longus muscle for concentric actions about the sagittal axis. True or false

true

The gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve (S1, S2). True or false

true

The medial longitudinal arch is primarily supported dynamically by the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior muscles. True or false

true

The only foot extrinsic muscle involved in extending all of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the four lesser toes is the extensor digitorum longus True or false

true

The soleus muscle can perform muscular actions only in the sagittal plane about a frontal axis. True or false

true

The tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles are agonistic to each other in their frontal plane movements but are antagonistic to each other in their sagittal plane movements. True or false

true

Toe flexion is movement of toes at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints toward plantar surface of the foot through concentric contractions of the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscles. True or false

true