Ch. 10- Stress, health, and human flourishing
Increase
Heart rate and respiration _____ (increase/decrease). Blood is diverted from digestion to the skeletal.
50%
Heredity accounts for about __ percent of happiness ratings differences
it increases arousal; it does naturally what some prescription drugs do chemical; increases serotonin
How does aerobic exercise counteracts depression?
-connections among brain regions are strengthened -brain regions associated with more reflective awareness are activated -brain activation in emotional situations are calmed -left cortical activation is increased
How does mindfulness contributes to positive changes?
Thrive
People ___ when they live in conditions of personal freedom and empowerment
Appraise
The events of our lives flow through a psychological filter. How we ____ an event influence how much stress we experience and how effectively we respond.
Age, nutrition, genetics, body temperature, and stress
The immune system is affected by....... (5 things)
Meyer and colleagues
These people came up with the hypothesis that -stress predicted heart attack risk for tax accountants -type a men more likely to have heart attack
Kaplan and colleagues
These people discover that people in low-conflict marriages live longer, healthier lives than unmarried
Selye
This concept explains that from alarm to exhaustion or coping.... -general adaptation syndrome (GAS) -body release corticorine hormones that dampers the arousal
Cannon
This concept explains that from alarm to exhaustion or coping.... -sympathetic nervous system kicks in -flight-or fight response
Taylor
This concept explains that from alarm to exhaustion or coping.... -tend-and befriend (seeking a friend when stressed)
Mindfulness meditation
This involves attending to current experiences in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner -improves many health measures -in a flow
T lymphocytes
This lymphocytes attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances
B lymphocytes
This lymphocytes release antibodies that fight bacterial infections
Valliant
This person discover that healthy aging is better predicted by a good marriage than by a low cholesterol level
Uchino
This person discover that people supported by close relationships are less likely to die early
Emotion focused coping
a coping mechanism that avoids or ignores a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reactions -keeping calm and centered
Problem focused coping
a coping mechanism that changes the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor -problem solving
Fight or flight response
emergency response, including activity of sympathetic nervous system, that mobilizes energy and activity for attacking or escaping a threat
Personal history
emotions balance around level defined by experiences
Stress reactions
from alarm to exhaustion or coping
Culture
groups vary in the traits valued.
Significant life changes
personal events is...... -raises risk of disease and death; crisis cluster is worse -death of a family member
Feel-good, do-good phenomenon
suggest that when people feel happy, they become more helpful and doing good promotes feeling good
Aerobic exercise
this act involves sustained activity that increases heart and lung fitness; reduces stress, depression, and anxiety -can weaken the influence of genetic risk for obesity -increase the quality and "quantity" of life
Stress
this is the process of appraising an event as threatening or challenging and responding to process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
Pessimists
this personality expect things to go badly, blame others
Optimists/ Optimism
this personality.... -expect to have control, work well under stress, and enjoy good health - run in families; genetic marker/oxytocin
Extreme or prolonged stress
this type of stress can cause harm
Stressors appraised as threats
this type of stress can lead to strong negative threats
Problem
to cope with stress, we tend to use _____ focused (emotion/problem) strategies when we feel in control of our world
Lymphocytes
two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes .
Tend-and- befriend response
under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and beyond with and seek support from others (befriend)
Catastrophes
unpleasant, large-scale events is....... ex: famine
Cannon, selye, taylor
what are the three concepts to stress reactions?
Catastrophes, significant life changes, daily hassles
what are the three types of stressors?
Emotion
when we believe we cannot change a situation, we may try to relieve stress ____ focused (emotion/problem) strategies
overestimated; underestimated
Duration of emotions is ______; resilience is ______
religious involvement predicts health and longevity
Faith communities and health: faith factor......
Typer B
Friedman and Roseman's term for easy going, relaxed people
Type A
Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people
Typer D
Term for people who suppresses negative emotion to avoid social disapproval -passive towards others -more likely to die of cancer
Underreacting
By reacting this way, immune system malfunctions like this is a sign of -bacterial infection flare -dormant herpes virus erupt -cancer cells multiple
Reacting too strongly
By reacting too ______ immune system malfunctions like this is a sign of -self-attacking diseases -some forms of arthritis -allergic reaction
Learned helplessness
-involves dramatic form of loss of control; no control over repeated bad events -may result in negative health consequences (inflammation, immune system are lowered, etc) -when someone tells you that you are unable to do something, you truly believe that you cant
External locus of control
Belief that change or outside forces control their fate
Internal locus of control
Belief they control their own destiny
General adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three stages-- alarm, resistance, exhaustion (under these three stages)
Does not; weakening
Stress _____ creates cancer cells, but may affect growth by ______ natural defenses.
cannot; speed; decline
Stress _____ give people AIDS, but may _____ transition from HIV to AIDS and the ____ in those with AIDS.
does not; reduces
Stress _____ make people sick but it ____ immune system's ability to function optimally.
Heart disease
Stress has been positively proven that it is correlated to ____
Sympathetic
Stress response system: when alerted to a negative, uncontrollable event, our _______ nervous system arouses us.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Studies our mind-body interactions
Aerobic exercise, relaxation, meditation, and active spiritual engagement
What acts can help use gather inner strength and lessen stress effects?
-personal control -optimistic outlook -social support -finding meaning
What are the factors that contribute to the success in coping?
-problem-focused coping -emotion-focused coping
What are the two types of coping for stress?
- calms cardiovascular system--> lowers blood pressure and stress hormone levels - fights illness by fostering stronger immune functioning
What are two ways that social support can help fight illness?
age gender education level parenthood physical attractiveness
What factors are not related to happiness?
- it responds too strongly -it responds too weakly
When the immune system does not function properly.....
A and D
Which of the following factors do not predict self-reported happiness? which factors are better predictors? a. age b. personality traits c. close relationships d. gender e. engaging work and leisure f. active religious faith
Social support: promotes both happiness and health
Which of these factors has the strongest association with poor health: smoking 15 cigarettes daily, being obese, being inactive, or lacking strong social connections?
600,000
______ North American coronary heart disease-related deaths yearly
Relative success of others
as people climb the ladder of success they mostly compare themselves with local peers who are at or above their current level
Coronary heart disease
clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America and many other countries.
Daily hassles
day-to-day challenges is..... ex: cooking dinner
Subjective well-being
includes feelings of happiness and sense of satisfaction with life
Resilience
involves process of bouncing back in the face of adversity or significant sources of stress
Personal control
involves the degree to which we perceive we have control over our environment correlation of feelings of control with behaviors and achievements
Relative deprivation
sense that people feel that they are worse off than others with whom they compare themselves
flight-or fight
the body releases sugar and fats. all this prepares the body for the ______ response
Stressors
things that push our buttons