CH 11

Chamber music

23 string quartets, other quartets and quintets

Large instrumental forms

41 symphonies 25 piano concertos

Which best describes the theme and variations form?

A large instrumental work or movement built on the statement of a theme followed by a series of variations on that theme

What is the role of recapitulation in the sonata form?

A return to the tonic key, the primary theme

Which are characteristics of the the sonata genre in the classic period?

A sonata is a work for one or two instruments. Piano Sonatas were very common

Which are facts about Mozart's life?

Abandoned the patronage system Composed in almost every form of music Child prodigy, but later struggled financially

Which descriptions apply to the coda section of the sonata form?

An extension from the tonic of the recapitulation to the final cadence of the movement The concluding section of a sonata form Creates anticipation of the final cadence?

Which are the facts about the life and music of Haydn?

Became famous, especially in England The Esterhazy court composer for thirty years Lived from 1732 to 1809

What can be heard in this passage from an operatic work by Mozart?

Begins with a speech-like passage, followed by full singing

Which is the function of the coda section?

Build up to and create anticipation of the final cadence

Built on Baroque past

But incorporated emerging romantic impulses

Beethoven

Classic Romantic

Middle period

Composed many famous works free of patronage

Which descriptions apply to this passage from Mozart's Symphony No.39?

Contrast of forte and piano Contrast of strings and woodwinds Melodic fragments used in seqence

Which are techniques for writing the development section of a movement in sonata form?

Create melodic fragments from the main theme Change the pitch contour of a melodic fragment Change the dynamics rhythm or tonality Let different instruments play the melodic fragments

_ refers to music that grows louder, _ refers to music that becomes softer.

Crescendo Decrescendo

Entertainment music

Deivertimentos, serenades, music for glass harmonica

Tonality

Derived from Baroque musical practice, but refined

Scales

Diatonic series of intervals, often with chromatic additions

Tonality

Diatonic, with clear cadences

Accompaniment

Enhanced the atmosphere of the text or a recitative or aria

Solo ensembles, choruses

Enhanced the plot and drama

Composers

Exemplified by Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven

Which role does the development serve in the sonata form?

Experimentation of prior materials

The Classic period was a time of opulence, ornamentation, and emotional expression

False

Which are descriptions applicable to a cadenza?

Free rhythm Improvisatory character A virtuoso passage

Which of the following statements accurately characterize the music of Beethoven?

Freed music from the restraints of classicism Used fragmentation of themes and harmonics clashes to create powerful music Sometimes beautiful and tender, sometimes heroic and tempestuous

How did Beethoven differ from other classical composers?

He created works with subjective feeling and personal expression

How is beethoven both a classical and romantic composer?

His later works included feelings and expressions typical of romantic characteristics

As a result of melody's predominance in classic-era music, which texture became more important?

Homophonic

Arrange the sections of a movement in sonata form in the order they are heard in a performance

Introduction Exposition Development Recapitulation Coda

Movement III

Minuet and trio; later, scherzo and trio

Form: section in tonic

Modulation leads to section B, Section C, and perhaps more new sections

Instability

Modulation leads to the introduction of new key(s)

Unity

Modulation makes possible greater variety in a composition

Tonal resoloution

Modulation usually returns to the tonic key near the end of the music

Music and Instruments

Musical forms were standardized, as were the instruments of the orchestra

Texture

Predominantly homphonic

Musical Literature

Prolific output of symphonies, concertos, chamber music, operas and oratorios

Chord Progressions

Revolved around tonic, subdominant and dominant

In what form is the third movement of Beethoven's Piano Sonata no. 8 in C Minor, "Pathetique Sonata?"

Rondo

Movement IV

Rondo or other form, in fast tempo

What two relationships were strengthened by contributions of opera in the Classic era?

Singer and orchestra Music and drama

Melodic motion

Smooth, stepwise (conjunct)

What statements describe chamer music ensembles in the classic period?

Some chamber ensembles are wind instruments. The string quartet (two violins, viola, cello) is most common. Ensembles range from three to eight instruments

In what form is the fourth movement of mozart's symphony no. 39 in E-flat Major?

Sonata form

Movement I

Sonata form in fast tempo

The four standard sections of the orchestra are

Strings woodwinds brass percussion

A famous example

The Magic Flute

What can be heard in this passage from haydn's string quartet in C major?

The music is for two voices, performed by two violins The theme is in moderate tempo with faster embellishments

Which were sources of income for mozart, who abandoned the patronage system?

The sale of printed music through publishers Ticket sales from concerts he performed in Commissions to compose music

Form

The shape or structure of music: binary, ternary etc

Tempo

The speed at which music is performed: allegro, lagro, rubato et cetera

Which statements describe chamber music ensembles in the classic period?

The string quartet (two violins, viola, cello) is most common Ensembles range from three to eight instruments. Some chamber ensembles are wind instruments

In what form is the second movement of Haydn's String Quartet in C major, the "Emperor Quartet"

Theme and Variation

Movement II

Theme and variations form or a b a form; slow tempo

What does a symphony feature?

Tone colors of the instruments A full Orchestra Four movements

Rhythm

Uncomplicated and predictable

Although the music of the Classic era was primarily the music of the European aristocracy, it was influenced by what other forces in late-eighteenth century society?

Urbanization Rise of the middle class Industrial Revoloution

Dynamics

Used to control the loudness or softness of music: forte, piano et cetera

A - Minuet (repeated)

a b a No repeats

A - Minuet

a repeated b a repeated

orchestra

an integral part of the drama

Early Period

became established as a great composer in Vienna

Composed in logical and coherent forms

but he championed new forms

Used folk songs and old dance forms

but used modulation for dramatic power

B - Trio

c repeated d c repeated

Final years

composed intense work in deafness

Dissonances

continued to require resoloution

The minuet and trio evolved into the scherzo and trio, which had _ tempo and great _ drive.

faster rhythmic

A sonata for two instruments typically means one _ instrument and one_

orchestral piano

Franz Josepth Haydn, a court composer for over 30 years, was one of the last great composers to work in the _ system

patronage

Place in history

the beginning of modern music

opera

the magic Flute

Choral works

the requiem

the minimum number of themes needed to compose a rondo is

three