Ch. 11 Demography

Population Growth: The Negative View—have to stay at 2B

"Population Growth" (5.05) • www.youtube.com/watch?v=b98JmQ0Cc3k • "Overpopulation facts - the problem no one will discuss: Alexandra Paul at TEDxTopanga" (1-3-13)(8.37)(proposing having no children or just one child)(we may not have time in class to see this) • https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/153bed6fb0da54c1?project or=1 AND • "Overpopulation is NOT a MYTH - OVERCONSUMPULATION" (5.00) • www.youtube.com/watch?v=wji2uQUEVu0&sns=em

"Role of abortion in control of global population growth," Mumford SD, Kessel E., Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol., 1986 Mar;13(1):19-31 (typical journal article— abortion is the number one population control tool)

Abstract: "No nation desirous of reducing its growth rate to 1% or less can expect to do so without the widespread use of abortion. This observational study, based on the experience of 116 of the world's largest countries, supports the contention that abortion is essential to any national population growth control effort. The principal findings are: Except for a few countries with aging populations and very high contraceptive prevalence rates, developed countries will need to maintain abortion rates generally in the range of 201-500 abortions per 1000 live births if they are to maintain growth rates at levels below 1%. The current rate in the USA is 426 abortions per 1000 live births. Developing countries, on the other hand, are faced with a different and more difficult set of circumstances that require even greater reliance on abortion. No developing nation wanting to reduce its growth to less than 1% can expect to do so without the widespread use of abortion, generally at a rate greater than 500 abortions per 1000 live births. Widespread availability of abortion is a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve growth rates below 1%. A high contraceptive prevalence is essential as well in order to achieve growth rates below 1%. A high contraceptive prevalence is a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve population growth rates below 1%. A high rate of abortion (generally 201-500 or more abortions per 1000 live births in the developed and greater than 500 abortions per 1000 live births in the developing countries) is essential to achieve growth rates below 1%. The different and more difficult set of circumstances faced by developing countries that will necessitate even higher abortion rates than developed countries includes a young population with resultant rapidly growing numbers of young fertile women, poor contraceptive use-effectiveness, low prevalence of contraception, and poor or non-existent systems for providing contraceptives. These data show that high death rates of infants and children can moderate population growth rates--a most undesirable solution. The data in this report suggest that actual alternatives are high death rates of infants and children or widespread use of contraception and abortion. African nations tend to have the very lowest abortion rates and the very highest infant and child death rates. To avoid a world with deteriorating social, economic and political stability, with the concomitant loss of personal and national security, we must ensure that safe abortion is made available to all who wish to use this service."

Mother Teresa @ National Prayer Breakfast

At the National Prayer Breakfast, 2-3-94, with the Clintons and Gores in attendance, Mother Teresa said, "The greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion. ... It is really a war against the child, a direct killing of the innocent child. Murder by the mother herself. If we accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people not to kill one another? ... Any country that accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love one another, but to use anyone to get what they want. This is why the greatest destroyer of love and peace is abortion." The National Prayer Breakfast video is perhaps the most remarkable video we will watch for this class. A small woman, dedicated to helping the poor and weak in India, stands up to the President and Vice President of the United States and tells them their policy is against God's will.

Controversial CONTINUED

Do we want to be limited (by treaty or law) regarding family size? State population? National population? • A number of commentators (conservatives and free market proponents) disagree with the concept of "optimum population," believing that the human population will always, in the long-term, be able to adapt to requirements needed for a larger population. They say we will never run of out land for the growing population. They say that people making decisions at the individual level regarding what is in their best interests has overall resulted in a slowing of the population and better use of resources

Positive (or neutral at least)

Don't believe the doomsday predictions (The Population Bomb (1968) of "we'll run out of oil", we need "family planning", etc. • Mankind's history is full of advances: Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, Industrial Revolution, space exploration, oil exploration, Green Revolution, clean energy, hydraulic fracturing, cancer research • Growing freedom around the globe encourages the continuation of finding ways to perpetuate that freedom • "Overpopulation: The Making of a Myth" (1.32) • www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZVOU5bfHrM

46 Million Annually Worldwide

Holocaust during World War II: 6 million Jews •Stalin's Great Purge, Cold War rule: 50 million? •U.S. annual automobile deaths: 35,000-40,000 •U.S. annual executions: about 50 •46 million annually = population of Spain or Ukraine

Demographic Issues

Land availability •Water •Food •Population •Disease •Abortion •Religion •Environment

International Planned Parenthood Foundation (IPFF)

189 countries; largest provider in world • Contraceptives • Abortion services • Do not advocate abstinence • ? number of abortions/year by IPFF • ? $ earnings

U.S. and Abortion after Roe v. Wade (1973)

By Jan. 2016, at least 58.5 million abortions in U.S. since 1973; 1.39 million abortions each year in U.S. • Source: www.lifenews.com/2016/01/14/58586256-abortions-in-america-since-roe-v-wade-in-1973 • More abortions occur in California than any other state • New York City is the "abortion capital of the world"—some of laxest restrictions and the highest abortion rate in U.S., with 41% of pregnancies ending in abortion. 10% of all U.S. abortions happen in New York state, and 70% of abortions in NY state take place in NYC (www.lifesitenews.com/news/nyc-mayor-elect-bill-de-blasio-pledges-to-open-more-abortion-clinics-close) • U.S. statistics do not include partial birth abortion, which was outlawed by Congress in 2003 (Supreme Court upheld the law in 2007)(Pres. Clinton had vetoed bills in 1995, 1997) • 1976 Hyde Amendment—illegal to use U.S. government funds to perform abortions (in country or out-of-country)

Success Against Malaria?

Malaria is a potentially deadly disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, the symptoms of which include fever, chills, sweats, body ache, nausea and vomiting, and fatigue that can last for months. Symptoms will occur 7-9 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito, and without treatment, may progress to kidney failure, coma, and death. • Preventative measures include using bug spray and taking prescription antimalarial medication. Sleeping in air-conditioned, well-screened rooms, or using mosquito netting also will lessen the likelihood of contracting the disease. Following transmission of the disease, drugs to treat the illness include chloroquine, mefloquine, primaquine, quinine, pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine(Fansidar), and doxycycline. • As many as 3 million persons die each year from malaria (mosquitos have killed more persons than all wars). Many more will contract the disease. Although malaria is a mosquito-borne disease whose causes have been understood for more than a century, these numbers are rising. In part, this is because many millions of people do not know how to take simple steps to protect against malaria or refuse to do so. Also, many still have no access either to the drugs that can help them avoid catching the disease or to the care that can ensure that it is not lethal if they do. Some of the drugs are not as useful as they once were. In many malarial regions, the malaria parasite has mutated and is now resistant not only to chloroquine, the cheapest anti-malarial drug, but to some of the second-generation drugs that succeeded it. Finally, mosquito killing measures have not been widely pursued (swamp draining, spraying).

Largest U.S. Provider: Planned Parenthood Federation of America

PPFA 2004 Report for 860 "health centers" (typical report)—255,015 abortions by standard vacuum curettage surgical procedure; 17,610 prenatal patients, 386 infertility patients; 1,414 adoption referrals; U.S. revenue $822 million • As these numbers reveal, "reproductive health care" and "family planning" are euphemisms for abortion, the real business of PPFA • "Planning" doesn't typically involve parenthood (i.e., abortions outnumber adoptions by 180 to 1) • PPFA uses the argument that it provides "health care" for women, but does not speak of health care for the unborn

Population

Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as change in number of individuals of in a population using "per unit time" for measurement • "Population pyramids: Powerful predictors of the future - Kim Preshoff" (5.01) • https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/153bed0adb8120ea?proj ector=1 • Application of the term to human populations is "demography" • In demography, population growth is used informally for the more specific term population growth rate, and is often used to refer specifically to growth of the human population of the world • Population growth 1800-2011—from 1 billion to 7 billion • According to some projections, world population will continue to grow until at least 2050, then reaching 9.1 billion

Mexico City Policy—Back and Forth

Pres. Reagan ended USAID direct or indirect funding for NGOs performing or supporting abortion in other countries (U.S. did not force other countries to ban abortions)(contract theory; no constitutional right to receive funding for abortions) • IPPF did not alter operations in 1984; lost 20% of total funding • G.H.W. Bush followed this policy • Clinton reversed it immediately upon taking office (to allow indirect support but not violate the Hyde Amendment) • G.W. Bush returned to original policy (was $34 million annual contribution) on first day in office • Obama reversed the policy when he became president

Objections

Religions objections to contraception and abortion in many countries (including Catholic and Muslim countries) • China—no more than two children • 67% of developed states permit abortion (33% ban) • 16% of developing states permit abortion (84% ban)

Countries Should Ban Child Marriage Instead of Promoting Abortion

The International Center for Research on Women estimated in 2013 that 142 million girls (under 18, some under 10) will be forced to marry over the next decade • Child marriages continue in dozens of countries despite clear evidence that such marriages have severe adverse physical, emotional, psychological, intellectual, and sexual implications for these girls • Premature pregnancy carries significant health risks, and pregnancy-related deaths are the leading cause of death for girls aged 15-19 years worldwide • Early marriage also jeopardizes girls' right to education, while stifling the potential for social connections. Marrying girls restricts their mobility, limits their control over resources, leaves them with little power in their new households, and, according to studies by UNICEF places them at considerable risk of domestic violence

Mexico City Policy

The Mexico City Policy is an intermittent U.S. government policy that requires all NGOs that receive federal funding to refrain from performing or promoting abortion services as a method of family planning with non-U.S. government funds in other countries. Since 1973, USAID has followed the Helms Amendment, banning use of US Government funds to provide abortion as a method of family planning anywhere in the world. • The policy was named for the meeting of the UN International Conference on Population where it was announced. • After the establishment of the Mexico City Policy, organizations were required to meet its specified conditions in order to be eligible for federal funding from the U.S., and as a result, several international abortion agencies no longer received a portion of their funds from this source. IPPF did not alter its operation and lost more than 20% of its total funding. Other organizations, such as the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia and the Planned Parenthood Association of Zambia, likewise lost funding. • Democractic Presidents have claimed the Hyde Amendment is not violated because federal tax dollars not directly used on abortions (just to support providers)

Population Growth Rate (good news—we're not going to run out of space)

The last 100 years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity made possible by improvements such as the use of oil products (and their energy) and the Green Revolution • Globally, the growth rate of population has been declining since peaking in 1962 and 1963 at 2.20% per annum. By 2009, annual growth rate was 1.1%--CIA World Factbook gives world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.915%, 0.812%, and 1.092% respectively • Each region of the globe has seen great reductions in their growth rate in recent decades, though growth rates remain above 2% in some countries of the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa, and also in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America • Some countries experience negative population growth, especially in Eastern Europe mainly due to low fertility rates, high death rates, and immigration. In Southern Africa, growth is slowing due to the high number of HIV-related deaths and continued malaria

Demography

The science of vital and social statistics, as of the births, deaths, diseases, marriages, etc., of populations •Tied to politics—who gets what, when, where •Tied to important issues of resource allocation (where do highways and airports need to be constructed, which country or group is gaining power, etc.)

Controversial

Those who want to limit population and resource use utilize "end-targets" to estimate the optimum human population. They use such measures as: • Decent wealth and resources • Basic human rights • Preservation of cultural diversity • Intellectual, artistic, and technological creativity • Preservation of biodiversity • Groups such as the UK-based think tank Population Matters (formerly Optimum Population Trust) calculate optimum population of nearly 150 countries and claims the optimum population is 1.5 billion to 2 billion people (!)

United Nations Population Fund

Tries to create social, economic, and political conditions for reducing birth rates • Sponsored Cairo 1994 International Conference on Population and Development—linked reducing or stabilizing population to development • Wants to empower women's human rights, education, employment, health care, and universal access to "family planning" by 2015 • Estimates 350 million couples do not have access/have not chosen family planning • Takes in $360 million/year from 180 states • Accused by some for encouraging abortion

United Nations Population Fund CONTINUED

UNPF reports half million women die from pregnancy and childbirth complications •North American maternal death rate: 1/2,566 •Sub-Saharan Africa rate: 1/16 •Estimated 46 million abortions each year (129,213 daily); 19 million of which "in unsafe conditions and/or by unskilled providers"— resulting in 68,000 deaths of women (13% of the half million)

Questions and Answers

What one factor increases length of life, even more than clean water? (literacy; education) • Does brushing teeth extend one's life? (5-7 years) • What is the impact of cigarettes? (each = 7 to 11 minutes less of life; smokers live an average of 10 years less) • Does exercise extend one's life? (30 minutes of vigorous walking/day = 3 years) • What U.S. city was recently named "most obese"? (San Antonio) • What is the main control used for international population growth? (abortion)

Abortion

World population is over 7 billion; projected 9.2 billion in 2050 • Demographic transition claims—once a group/ population gains basic sanitation and medical services, fertility rate overtakes mortality rate, life expectancy increases, and population increases steadily; but as states industrialize, birth and death rates stabilize and population growth levels off • Replacement level is 2.1 (to maintain population at least at stable rate) • One important reason population growth has decreased since the 1970s is due to abortions worldwide • Do population targets (or laws, like in China) have to be policy?

What about U.S. Government Funding for PPFA

• PPFA 2012 reported receiving a record $542 million in U.S. taxpayer funding in 2011 • Report also quietly announced the number of abortions performed by PPFA. In 2011, 333,964 - a record year for the organization • The abortion lobby denies that government subsidies, designated for healthcare (breast screenings, pap smears, pregnancy tests), affect the abortion rate. But the numbers say otherwise. Over the past decade, as Planned Parenthood's government funding has increased, so has its abortion rate • Any money PPFA can acquire to induce women to come into their doors allows them to sell abortions, the vast majority of PPFA's business • Americans can fix this problem if they insist, as the State of Texas did in 2012, that taxpayer dollars are spent on REAL healthcare agencies instead of abortion businesses • Planned Parenthood's biggest advocate, though, is in the White House