CH 11 Heart Anatomy
B.
A person notices his or her heart beat because he or she senses blood being pumped by the heart. Excessive caffeine intake can lead to irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that patients perceive as "skipped beats." Given that caffeine is a stimulant, which of the following mechanisms best explains the reason for the feeling that the heart skipped a beat? A. Spontaneous action potentials in the SA node overlap such that the repolarizing phase of one action potential cancels out the depolarizing phase of the next. B. Purkinje fibers initiate spontaneous action potentials, which cause the ventricles to contract early. C. Action potentials propagate into the ventricles before the contractile cells have repolarized from the previous heartbeat. D. Action potentials are not delayed sufficiently at the AV node.
A.
Blood flows through both a systemic and pulmonary circulation. Where does blood in the pulmonary veins travel next? A. left atrium B. right atrium C. aorta D. lungs
B.
By what mechanism would an increase in venous return increase stroke volume? A. decreased end diastolic volume B. increased end diastolic volume C. increased contractility D. increased end systolic volume
A.
Calculate the cardiac output if heart rate (HR) is 90 beats per minute, stroke volume (SV) is 110 , end diastolic volume (EDV) is 140 , and end systolic volume (ESV) is 30 . A. 9.9 L/min B. 14.0 L/min C. 20.0 L/min D. 34.0 L/min
C.
Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing? A. T wave B. QRS complex C. P wave
bundle branches
Convey(s) the impulse down the interventricular septum
purkinje fibers
Convey(s) the impulse throughout the ventricular walls
internodal pathways
Link(s) between the SA node and AV node
C.
Pericarditis is most closely related to which of the following cardiac conditions? A. inadequate blood supply B. inadequate valve closure C. inadequate amounts of serous fluid D. clogged coronary vessels
C.
Put the phases of the cardiac cycle in the correct order, starting after ventricular filling. A. isovolumetric relaxation, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction B. ventricular ejection, ventricular relaxation, isovolumetric contraction C. isovolumetric contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxation D. ventricular ejection, isovolumetric contraction, isovolumetric relaxation
SA node
Set(s) the pace for the entire heart
T wave
The third wave that results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.
B.
This image illustrates the function of the semilunar valves. At what point during the cardiac cycle are the semilunar valves open? A .early diastole B. ventricular systole C. mid-to-late diastole D. isovolumetric relaxation
D.
Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium? A. bicuspid valve B. pulmonary semilunar valve C. aortic semilunar valve D. tricuspid valve
A.
Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium? A. tricuspid valve B. bicuspid valve C. pulmonary semilunar valve D. aortic semilunar valve
D.
To which of the following do the great vessels attach? A. mediastinum B. pericardium C. apex of the heart D. base of the heart
B.
To which of the following will the sinoatrial node send impulses? A. Purkinje fibers B. atrioventricular node C. Atrioventricular bundle D. bundle branches
A.
Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood? A. coronary arteries B. pulmonary vein C. blood within heart chambers D. superior vena cava (SVC)
B.
Which of the following will slow the heart rate? A. exercise B. vagus nerve stimulation C. excess calcium D. sympathetic nerves
C.
Which of the following would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent? A. decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume B. increased heart rate and decreased stroke volume C. increased heart rate and increased stroke volume D. decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume
B.
Which of the following would increase heart rate? A. acetylcholine B. epinephrine and norepinephrine C. decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system D. increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
B.
Which of these bypasses the fetal liver and carries nutrient-rich blood from the placental circulation more directly to the fetal systemic circulation? A. umbilical vein B. ductus venosus C. ductus arteriosus D. umbilical artery
C.
Which of these structures conduct(s) action potentials the slowest? A. Bundle branches B. AV bundle C. AV node D. Purkinje fibers
C.
Which of these will decrease heart rate? A. increase in body temperature B. secretion of epinephrine C. stimulation by vagus nerves D. increase in calcium ion concentration
A.
Which of these will decrease heart rate? A. stimulation by vagus nerves B. increase in body temperature C. secretion of epinephrine D. sudden drop in blood pressure (BP)
B.
Which of these will result when the pressure in the ventricles rises higher than the pressure in the atria? A. Semilunar valves open. B. Atrioventricular valves close. C. Semilunar valves close. D. Atrioventricular valves open.
B.
Which of these will slow the heart rate? A. exercise B. vagus nerve stimulation C. excess calcium D. sympathetic nerves
D.
Which organ is bypassed in the special circulation pathways of a fetus? A. heart B. stomach C. spleen D. liver
C.
Which part of the conduction system initiates the depolarizing impulse, which spreads throughout the heart? A. Purkinje fibers B. AV node C. SA node D. AV bundle (bundle of His)
C.
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles? A. Purkinje fibers B. AV bundle (bundle of His) C. AV node D. bundle branches E. SA node
D.
Which part of the intrinsic conduction system normally initiates the depolarizing impulse that causes a heartbeat? A. AV bundle B. Internodal pathway C. AV node D. SA node
Heart rate (HR)
the number of heart beats per minute
End Systolic volume (ESV)
the volume of blood in one ventricle after contraction
End diastolic volume (EDV)
the volume of blood in one ventricle before contraction
Stroke volume (SV)
the volume of blood per heart beat pumped out by one ventricle
Venous return (VR)
the volume of blood per minute flowing into one atrium
Cardiac output (CO)
the volume of blood per minute pumped out by one ventricle
B.
An increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart would increase stroke volume by increasing __________. A. end diastolic volume B. contractility C. heart rate D. end systolic volume
C.
As part of a blood drive on campus for the American Red Cross, you and your friends have just donated 500 of blood. You are now relaxing at the student lounge, waiting for A&P lab to begin. Unfortunately, even though you are thirsty, you haven't bothered to buy yourself a drink. Other than a little soreness of the skin and tissue around your median cubital vein, you feel fine. How has your 500 decrease in blood volume most likely affected your cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume? A. decrease in cardiac output, decreased heart rate, decreased stroke volume B. increase in cardiac output, increased heart rate, increased stroke volume C. no change in cardiac output, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume D. no change in cardiac output, decreased heart rate, increased stroke volume
AV node
Delay(s) occurs here while atria contract
C.
Describe the pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves. A. Pressure in the ventricles would be greater than in the atria. B. Pressures in the atria and ventricles would be equal. C. Pressure in the atria would be greater than the pressure in the ventricles.
av bundle
Electrical link(s) between atria and ventricles
D.
How would a decrease in blood volume affect both stroke volume and cardiac output? A. no change in stroke volume and decreased cardiac output B. increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output C. decreased stroke volume and decreased cardiac output D. decreased stroke volume and no change in cardiac output
C.
How would an increase in the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume? A. decreased end diastolic volume B. increased end diastolic volume C. increased contractility D. increased end systolic volume
A.
In which layer of the heart wall and pericardium would damage to cardiac muscle show up? A. myocardium B. epicardium C. endocardium D. fibrous pericardium
B.
Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valve(s)? A. semilunar valves only B. AV valves only C. both semilunar and AV valves
B.
Isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling (two phases of the cardiac cycle) take place during __________. A. ventricular systole B. ventricular diastole
A.
Jordan is told that while his atria are beating normally, his ventricles are beating slower than normal. His doctor suspects a heart block. Damage to what part of Jordan's heart is causing this problem? A. the atrioventricular (AV) node B. the sinoatrial (SA) node C. the aortic semilunar valve D. the pulmonary semilunar valve
B.
The anatomy of the intrinsic conduction system causes contraction of the ventricles to begin at the apex and move superiorly. Why is this important? A. so the atria can finish contracting before the ventricles contract B. so blood is forced upward, toward the semilunar valves C. because the AV bundle is the only electrical connection between the atria and the ventricles D. because the Purkinje fibers conduct action potentials away from the heart apex
P wave
The first wave on an ECG that follows the firing of the SA node. This wave is small and signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.
A.
The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps? A. two pumps B. one pump C. three pumps
A.
The heart is situated in the medial cavity of the thorax, which is known as the ______. A. mediastinum B. apex C. myocardium D. base
QRS complex
The large wave that results from the depolarization of the ventricles and precedes the contraction of the ventricles.
A.
What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close? A. greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle B. higher ventricular pressure than aortic pressure C. equal ventricular and aortic pressures
B.
What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve? A. left atrium B. left ventricle C. right ventricle D. right atrium
A.
What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve? A. left ventricle B. right ventricle C. right atrium D. left atrium
A.
What does the ECG wave tracing represent? A. electrical activity in the heart B. contraction of the heart
C.
What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing? A. atrial repolarization B. atrial depolarization C. ventricular depolarization D. ventricular repolarization
C.
What information can a clinician obtain from an electrocardiogram (ECG)? A. blood pressure (BP) B. presence of a heart murmur C. abnormality in electrical activity of heart D. cardiac output (CO)
D.
What initiates the heartbeat and sets the pace for the whole heart? A. bundle branches B. atrioventricle (AV) bundle (the bundle of His) C. Purkinje fibers D. sinoatrial (SA) node (the "pacemaker")
A.
What is a common cause of valvular stenosis? A. endocarditis B. tachycardia C. pericarditis D. thrombophlebitis
C.
What is the function of the heart valves? A. regulates blood pressure in the chambers of the heart B. synchronizes blood flow through chambers on each side of the heart C. prevents backflow of blood D. allows blood to flow from one chamber to the next
B.
What is the function of the heart valves? A. synchronizing the flow of blood on each side of the heart B. preventing backflow of blood C. regulating blood pressure in the chambers of the heart D. allowing blood to flow from one chamber to the next
B.
What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum? A. Purkinje fibers B. atrioventricular (AV) bundle C. atrioventricular (AV) node D. bundle branches
B.
What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum? A. atrioventricular node B. atrioventricular bundle C. bundle branches D. Purkinje fibers
B.
What term refers to the contraction of the heart? A. stroke volume B. systole C. diastole D. cardiac cycle
C.
What term refers to the contraction of the heart? A. stroke volume (SV) B. diastole C. systole D. cardiac cycle
B.
What vessel carries blood from the functional supply of the heart into the right atrium? A. cardiac vein B. coronary sinus C. circumflex artery D. posterior interventricular vein
C.
Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal? A. Purkinje fibers B. atrioventricular (AV) bundle C. atrioventricular (AV) node D. bundle branches
D.
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit? A. right atrium B. left atrium C. right ventricle D. left ventricle
B.
Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae? A. left ventricle B. right atrium C. right ventricle D. left atrium
B.
Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk? A. right atrium B. right ventricle C. left atrium D. left ventricle
C.
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? A. right atrium B. right ventricle C. left atrium D. left ventricle
D.
Which of the following is a warning sign of an impending myocardial infarction? A. heart murmur B. bradycardia C. hypotension D. angina pectoris
A.
Which of the following is correct about the filling of the ventricles? A. Most blood flows passively into the ventricles through open AV valves. B. The majority of ventricular filling is caused by contraction of the atria.
D.
Which of the following occurs when the pressure in the ventricles rises higher than the pressure in the atria? A. Semilunar valves close. B. Atrioventricular (AV) valves open. C. Semilunar valves open. D. Atrioventricular valves close.