Ch 11 LC

What would happen to the daughter cells if the G2 phase of the parent cell is shortened?

The cells would be smaller than normal.

Why are the X and Y chromosomes not considered homologous?

They do not carry the same set of genes, and mammalian males carry two very different sex chromosomes.

During what step in meiosis do the daughter cells become haploid?

anaphase I

When do sister chromatids separate in meiosis?

anaphase II

The microtubules that form the mitotic spindle extend out from the centrosome. Where would you expect to find the plus (fast assembling) end of a spindle microtubule?

away from the centrosome, at the kinetochore

What cellular process(es) is/are responsible for the increase in protein content associated with the gap phases of the cell cycle?

both gene expression and protein synthesis

What would happen if a chromosome only connected to the mitotic spindle at one of its kinetochores? a) One of the daughter cells would have an extra copy of that chromosome. b) The sister chromatids would not separate. c) The chromosome would not line up properly at metaphase. d) all of the above

d) all of the above

The prokaryotic protein FtsZ is evolutionarily related to eukaryotic tubulin. What does this mean? a) The gene sequence for FtsZ is similar to tubulin. b) The amino acid sequence for FtsZ is similar to tubulin. c) The overall protein structure of FtsZ is similar to tubulin. d) The two proteins evolved from a common ancestral protein. e) All of these choices are correct.

e) all of these choices are correct

Polar bodies are:

haploid cells.

Another name for non-sister chromatids is:

homologous chromosomes.

Homologous chromosomes separate from each other in:

meiosis I

The alignment of chromosomes at metaphase of meiosis II is most similar to the alignment of chromosomes during what of mitosis.

metaphase

What cytoskeletal protein is important to the function of the sperm cells illustrated in Figure 11.13?

microtubules

Crossing over occurs during which step in meiosis?

prophase I

Which of the following is not a step in the process of binary fission?

rearrangement of the microtubule cytoskeleton

Muscle cells in the mammalian heart are multinucleate, meaning that multiple nuclei are present in the cytoplasm of a large cell. Predict what is different about the cell cycle in a muscle cell.

Cytokinesis does not occur.

Which of the following statements is true regarding binary fission? a) Proteins only anchor the original circular genome to the plasma membrane; the copy produced by DNA replication is free-floating. b) In binary fission, cell division is typically asymmetrical, with one daughter cell appearing much smaller than the other. c) Tubulin, rather than FtsZ, is responsible for cell division during binary fission. d) DNA replication during binary fission is a bidirectional process, occurring in opposite directions.

D) DNA replication during binary fission is a bidirectional process, occurring in opposite directions.

Predict what would happen if crossing over between homologous chromosomes occurred as part of mitosis.

Daughter cells would not be genetically identical, and they could contain two copies of the same allele.

What is the significance of the small differences between homologous chromosomes in figure 11.3?

Each homologous chromosome in a pair is from a different parent.

A cell that is not actively dividing is in what phase of the cell cycle?

G0

When in the cell cycle would you find sister chromatids?

S and G2

At the start of mitosis, how many centromeres are present in a human cell?

36 (2n)

Why don't plant cells use a contractile ring to divide their daughter cells?

A contractile ring can't "pinch" a cell wall.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of meiotic cell division? a) Cell division results in the production of gametes. b) Daughter cells are genetically identical. c) Cell division requires two rounds of nuclear division. d) Cell division results in the formation of four daughter cells.

B) Daughter cells are genetically identical.

Why would a compound that interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis be useful for treating a bacterial infection?

It would limit the spread of the infection through cell division.

What would happen if crossing over occurred between sister chromatids?

Nothing would happen because sister chromatids are genetically identical or nearly identical.

How must spindle microtubules attach to chromosomes during prometaphase of meiosis I?

Spindle microtubules from one pole must attach to both kinetochores in a pair of sister chromatids.