Ch 11: Phototropic Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis

The plants referred to as C3 and C4 plants get this designation based on the number of carbons in the first detectable product of carbon dioxide fixation. The C3 product is ________, whereas the C4 product is ________. 3-phosphoglycerate; oxaloacetate ribose; phosphoenolpyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate; malate glycerol; malate triose phosphate; oxaloacetate

3-phosphoglycerate; oxaloacetate

What is the advantage to having various types of chlorophylls and accessory pigments for the photosynthetic process? It shifts the equilibrium of photosynthesis toward the formation of products. It allows light to be harvested specifically in a step-wise manner. It allows for a variation in color amongst plants. It allows for light in many wavelengths to be utilized for photosynthesis. It allows light to be harvested specifically in a step-wise manner and it shifts the equilibrium of photosynthesis toward the formation of products.

It allows for light in many wavelengths to be utilized for photosynthesis.

Which of the following minerals are directly involved with light absorption in photosynthesis? Ca Fe Zn Mg Na

Mg

A house plant seems to be growing slowly and lacks its normal bright green color. You call a botanist for advice. She suggests that the plant may be deficient in magnesium (Mg2+). Why are these symptoms associated with Mg2+ deficiency? Cytochromes require Mg2+ to function properly. Mg2+ is an important component in chlorophyll. Mg2+ is required before NADPH can function. Lack of Mg2+ in the soil allows pathogenic bacteria to grow. Mg2+ is important in the structure of many amino acids.

Mg2+ is an important component in chlorophyll.

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes the relationship between NADP+/NADPH and NAD+/NADH? NADP+/NADPH has an extra phosphate compared to NAD+/NADH. Neither are helpful to oxygenic phototrophs. NADP+/NADPH is used primarily for catabolic reactions. Both are used extensively during photosynthesis in oxygenic phototrophs. Only NAD+/NADH is used to transport electrons and protons.

NADP+/NADPH has an extra phosphate compared to NAD+/NADH.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding cyclic photosynthetic pathways? No exogenous electron source is required. Proton gradients are not formed. Both PSI and PSII are required. Water molecules need to be split. all of the above

No exogenous electron source is required.

The relationship between photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) is correctly described by which of the following statements? PSI is designated P700, whereas PSII is designated P680. PSI absorbs only short wavelengths of light. The absorption maximum of PSII is 700 nm. Electrons are excited by PSI or PSII, but not both. The absorption maximum of PSI is 680 nm.

PSI is designated P700, whereas PSII is designated P680.

Bacteria do not have organelles. How are they able to carry out photosynthesis? DNA in the nucleoid captures solar energy. They use their cell membrane to carry out photosynthesis. 70S ribosomes function as photosystems. They interact in a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic plants. They are parasites of plants that do have organelles.

They use their cell membrane to carry out photosynthesis.

All of the following are true regarding anoxygenic photosynthesis except a water molecule is split. it is a light-driven oxidation-reduction process. NADPH is regenerated by photoreduction. absorbed light energy is typically in the near ultraviolet and far red ranges of the light spectrum. sulfide or thiosulfate can act as electron donors.

a water molecule is split.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Calvin cycle? The Calvin cycle is a means of carbon fixation. It occurs in the chloroplast stroma. It is a carbon assimilation process. In this process, carbon dioxide is reduced to organic sugars. all of the above

all of the above

NADP+ is the coenzyme of choice in ________ reactions, while NAD+ is the coenzyme of choice in ________ reactions. anabolic; catabolic both catabolic and anabolic; catabolic anabolic; both catabolic and anabolic catabolic; anabolic metabolic; anabolic

anabolic; catabolic

In a chloroplast, the stroma is the central semifluid region. connection between the grana. region between in the inner and outer membranes. stack of thylakoids. cytochromes associated with the thylakoids.

central semifluid region.

Which of the following initially traps solar energy in the process of photosynthesis? chlorophyll ATP NADP+ triose phosphate water

chlorophyll

The proplastids associated with giving flowers and fruits their distinctive colors are the chromoplasts. elaioplasts. amyloplasts. plastids. chloroplasts.

chromoplasts.

Which of the following is not an essential feature of electron transfer from water to NADP+? photosystem I complex photosystem II complex coenzyme Q plastocyanin (PC) cytochrome b6/f complex

coenzyme Q

Biosynthesis of sucrose occurs in the intermembrane space. cytoplasm. thylakoid lumen. stroma thylakoids. stroma.

cytoplasm.

Which two triose phosphates are produced during the Calvin cycle and are the starting points for starch and sucrose synthesis? 3-phosphoglycerate and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate and glycerol phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate 3-phosphoglycerate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Photoheterotrophs are best described as organisms that obtain energy to make ATP and organic compounds from sunlight. from organic compounds. from organic compounds but use sunlight to produce carbon sources. from sunlight but cannot make organic compounds from CO2. from some forms of chemicals.

from sunlight but cannot make organic compounds from CO2.

Plastocyanin (PC) is a mobile electron carrier. is also called plastoquinol. carries only a single electron at a time. is a mobile electron carrier and carries only a single electron at a time. is a mobile electron carrier, it is also called plastoquinol and it carries only a single electron at a time.

is a mobile electron carrier and carries only a single electron at a time.

The ATP synthase complex in the thylakoid membrane contains an assembly of hydrophobic polypeptides that function in ATP synthesis. performs photophosphorylation in oxygenic phototrophs. is identical to the FoF1 complex of mitochondria. contains an embedded CF1 component and a protruding CFo component. all of the above

performs photophosphorylation in oxygenic phototrophs.

Which of the following products cannot be used in the Calvin cycle? ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate CO2 3-phosphoglycerate NADPH phosphoglycolate

phosphoglycolate

The process by which photosynthetic organisms use light energy for ATP production is known as photophosphorylation. phototaxis. photosynthesis. photorespiration. photoligase

photophosphorylation.

Plastoquinol transfers electrons from water to photosystem II. cytochrome b6/f to plastiquinone. cytochrome b6/f complex to coenzyme Q light harvesting complex II to photosystem II. photosystem II to photosystem I.

photosystem II to photosystem I.

Based upon the comparisons of anoxygenic and oxygenic photosythesis, the entry of oxygen into the atmosphere is most directly attributed to photoreactivation. the Calvin cycle. photosystem II. bacteriorhodopsin. photosystem I.

photosystem II.

Which of the following is not an accessory pigment used to absorb photons that cannot be captured by chlorophyll? a phycobilin lutein beta-carotene phycochlorophyll phycocyanin

phycochlorophyll

Which of the following pigments is found exclusively in red algae? β-carotene phycoerythrin chlorophyll c lutein chlorophyll a

phycoerythrin

The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria originated from a routine step in evolution. the fusion of several prokaryotes. a long, intense period of lightning. the slow evolution of various organelles over millions of years, particularly during the time of the dinosaurs. purple bacteria entering and remaining in the cytoplasm of another cell.

purple bacteria entering and remaining in the cytoplasm of another cell.

The transfer of energy from a photoexcited electron to another electron of an adjacent pigment molecule is known as photoexcitation. resonance energy transfer. photophosphorylation. quantum leap. photorespiration.

resonance energy transfer.

NADPH contains the pentose sugar ________ and the nitrogenous base ________. deoxyribose; cytosine ribose; adenine deoxyribose; nicotinamide ribose; nicotinamide glucose; thymine

ribose; adenine

In the Calvin cycle, the enzyme that catalyzes the capture of carbon dioxide and the formation of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphoglycerokinase. ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). phosphoribulokinase. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. triose phosphate isomerase.

ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco).

The regeneration of what CO2 acceptor molecule allows for continuous carbon assimilation in the Calvin cycle? glycerate-1,3-bisphosphate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate 3-phosphoglycerate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

Carbon dioxide generally enters the plant through pores called connexons. stomata. the cuticle. mesophyll. bacteriochlorophylls.

stomata.

The Calvin cycle occurs in the ________ region of the chloroplast. thylakoid lumen stroma thylakoid membrane grana outer membrane

stroma