ch 11 questions
people with hypertension are at an increased risk of (3)...
1. CVD (especially heart disease and stroke) 2. kidney failure 3. damage to other organs
which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures (4)?
1. ankle bones 2. vertebrae 3. wrist bones 4. hip bones
list the 6 possible essential minerals
1. arsenic (As) 2. boron (B) 3. lithium (Li) 4. nickel (Ni) 5. silicon (Si) 6. vanadium (V)
what minerals participate in nerve transmission (4)?
1. calcium 2. potassium 3. sodium 4. chloride
list the 7 major minerals
1. calcium (Ca) 2. chloride (Cl) 3. magnesium (Mg) 4. phosphorus (P) 5. potassium (K) 6. sodium (Na) 7. sulfur (S)
calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of (2)...
1. calcium-binding protein 2. vitamin D
list the 9 trace minerals
1. chromium (Cr) 2. fluoride (F) 3. copper (Cu) 4. iodine (I) 5. iron (Fe) 6. manganese (Mn) 7. molybdenum (Mo) 8. selenium (Se) 9. zinc (Zn)
why do recommendations for total water intake vary (4)?
1. environmental temperatures 2. health conditions 3. physical activities 4. dietary choices
list the 5 roles of calcium in the body
1. forms bones and teeth 2. muscle contraction 3. blood clot formation 4. nerve impulse transmission 5. cell metabolism
list the 4 roles of potassium
1. maintains proper fluid balance 2. transmits nerve impulses 3. contracting muscles 4. maintains normal kidney function
list the 9 functions of water in the body
1. major solvent 2. major component of blood, sweat, tears, mucus, joint fluid 3. removes waste 4. helps transport substances 5. lubricates tissues 6. regulates body temperature 7. participates in many chemical reactions 8. helps maintain proper blood pH
sulfur is a component of (5)...
1. methionine 2. cysteine 3. biotin 4. thiamin 5. lipoic acid
sodium is often added to foods during processing in order to (2)...
1. retard food spoilage 2. enhance flavor
major mineral are called major because (2)....
1. they are stored in the body in larger quantities 2. they are needed in greater dietary amounts
functions for chloride in the body include (4)...
1. transmission of nerve impulses 2. regulation of acid base balance 3. hydrochloric acid production in the stomach 4. immune fighting response of white blood cells
the AI for sodium in adults is...
1500 mg/day
what is the adequate AI for chloride?
2300 mg/day
what is the RDA for magnesium?
310 to 420 mg/day
the absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between...
40-60%
how long can a human survive without water?
a few days
sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has...
antioxidant activity in the body
the process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called...
bone mineralization
what is the most plentiful mineral in the body?
calcium
ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. if ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should...
choose more fruits and vegetables
the state that describes body water depletion is called...
dehydration
the greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the...
duodenum
what type of tissue contains the least amount of water?
fat tissue (about 20%)
the term that describes the body's water status is called...
hydration
the crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called...
hydroxyapatite
the condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called...
hypertension
the body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of...
ions
mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called...
ions, electrolytes
what is an important component of hemoglobin in blood cells?
iron
what does diffusion do when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal?
it stops
what type of tissue contains the most water?
lean muscle (about 73%)
what role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common?
maintaining fluid balance
minerals that are required in the diet each day in amounts larger than 100 milligrams are classified as...
major minerals
water moves from a region that is dilute to a region that has...
more material dissolved in it
the AI for sodium is higher for...
people who perspire heavily
what may kidney-disease patients need to monitor and regulate their intake of to avoid hyperphosphatemia?
phosphorus
most salt substitutes are composed of...
potassium chloride
chloride along with sodium plays an important role in...
regulating fluid balance
most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the...
skeleton
table salt is chemically known as...
sodium chloride
consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on...
successful weight loss
the major source of chloride in the american diet is...
table salt
the absorption of dietary magnesium increases when...
the body is deficient in magnesium
true or false: each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet.
true
true or false: most unstable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through urine.
true
