ch 11 questions

people with hypertension are at an increased risk of (3)...

1. CVD (especially heart disease and stroke) 2. kidney failure 3. damage to other organs

which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures (4)?

1. ankle bones 2. vertebrae 3. wrist bones 4. hip bones

list the 6 possible essential minerals

1. arsenic (As) 2. boron (B) 3. lithium (Li) 4. nickel (Ni) 5. silicon (Si) 6. vanadium (V)

what minerals participate in nerve transmission (4)?

1. calcium 2. potassium 3. sodium 4. chloride

list the 7 major minerals

1. calcium (Ca) 2. chloride (Cl) 3. magnesium (Mg) 4. phosphorus (P) 5. potassium (K) 6. sodium (Na) 7. sulfur (S)

calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of (2)...

1. calcium-binding protein 2. vitamin D

list the 9 trace minerals

1. chromium (Cr) 2. fluoride (F) 3. copper (Cu) 4. iodine (I) 5. iron (Fe) 6. manganese (Mn) 7. molybdenum (Mo) 8. selenium (Se) 9. zinc (Zn)

why do recommendations for total water intake vary (4)?

1. environmental temperatures 2. health conditions 3. physical activities 4. dietary choices

list the 5 roles of calcium in the body

1. forms bones and teeth 2. muscle contraction 3. blood clot formation 4. nerve impulse transmission 5. cell metabolism

list the 4 roles of potassium

1. maintains proper fluid balance 2. transmits nerve impulses 3. contracting muscles 4. maintains normal kidney function

list the 9 functions of water in the body

1. major solvent 2. major component of blood, sweat, tears, mucus, joint fluid 3. removes waste 4. helps transport substances 5. lubricates tissues 6. regulates body temperature 7. participates in many chemical reactions 8. helps maintain proper blood pH

sulfur is a component of (5)...

1. methionine 2. cysteine 3. biotin 4. thiamin 5. lipoic acid

sodium is often added to foods during processing in order to (2)...

1. retard food spoilage 2. enhance flavor

major mineral are called major because (2)....

1. they are stored in the body in larger quantities 2. they are needed in greater dietary amounts

functions for chloride in the body include (4)...

1. transmission of nerve impulses 2. regulation of acid base balance 3. hydrochloric acid production in the stomach 4. immune fighting response of white blood cells

the AI for sodium in adults is...

1500 mg/day

what is the adequate AI for chloride?

2300 mg/day

what is the RDA for magnesium?

310 to 420 mg/day

the absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between...

40-60%

how long can a human survive without water?

a few days

sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has...

antioxidant activity in the body

the process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called...

bone mineralization

what is the most plentiful mineral in the body?

calcium

ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. if ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should...

choose more fruits and vegetables

the state that describes body water depletion is called...

dehydration

the greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the...

duodenum

what type of tissue contains the least amount of water?

fat tissue (about 20%)

the term that describes the body's water status is called...

hydration

the crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called...

hydroxyapatite

the condition that is characterized by elevated blood pressure is called...

hypertension

the body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of...

ions

mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called...

ions, electrolytes

what is an important component of hemoglobin in blood cells?

iron

what does diffusion do when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal?

it stops

what type of tissue contains the most water?

lean muscle (about 73%)

what role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common?

maintaining fluid balance

minerals that are required in the diet each day in amounts larger than 100 milligrams are classified as...

major minerals

water moves from a region that is dilute to a region that has...

more material dissolved in it

the AI for sodium is higher for...

people who perspire heavily

what may kidney-disease patients need to monitor and regulate their intake of to avoid hyperphosphatemia?

phosphorus

most salt substitutes are composed of...

potassium chloride

chloride along with sodium plays an important role in...

regulating fluid balance

most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the...

skeleton

table salt is chemically known as...

sodium chloride

consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on...

successful weight loss

the major source of chloride in the american diet is...

table salt

the absorption of dietary magnesium increases when...

the body is deficient in magnesium

true or false: each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet.

true

true or false: most unstable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through urine.

true