CH 11
Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? Select one: A. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications. B. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects. C. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system. D. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally.
A
Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct? Select one: A. An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used. B. MDIs are contraindicated for patients with asthma or emphysema. C. Shaking an MDI prior to use will cause deactivation of the medication. D. MDIs are most commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease.
A
While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to: Select one: A. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect. B. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure. C. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place. D. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose.
A
Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that: Select one: A. binds to any chemicals that are in the stomach. B. facilitates movement through the digestive system. C. significantly slows the process of digestion. D. disguises the unpleasant taste of the activated charcoal.
B
After taking diphendydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): Select one: A. untoward effect. B. side effect. C. therapeutic effect. D. unpredictable effect.
B
How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT? Select one: A. injected B. sublingually Correct C. orally D. inhaled
B
Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should: Select one: A. wait 5 minutes and reassess her blood pressure. B. place her supine and elevate her legs. C. transport her in a sitting position. D. assist ventilations with a bag-mask device.
B
Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication: Select one: A. below the first layer of muscle. B. between the skin and the muscle. C. directly into the muscle tissue. D. in the mucosa under the tongue.
B
The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is: Select one: A. hyperglycemia. B. hypoglycemia. C. hypertension. D. hypotension.
B
The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: Select one: A. suspension. B. adsorption. C. absorption. D. digestion.
B
The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the study of drug excretion from the human body. B. the study of drugs and their actions on the body. C. the study of drugs that are produced illegally. D. the study of how medications affect the brain.
B
When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes simvastatin (Vytorin) and clopidogrel (Plavix). This medication regimen suggests a history of: Select one: A. bacterial infection. B. cardiovascular disease. C. non-insulin-dependent diabetes. D. reactive airway disease.
B
When given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain, nitroglycerin: Select one: A. increases blood return to the right atrium. B. relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries. C. increases myocardial contraction force. D. constricts the veins throughout the body.
B
Which of the following statements regarding the epinephrine auto-injector is correct? Select one: A. The adult auto-injector delivers 0.5 to 1 mg of epinephrine. B. The epinephrine auto-injector delivers a preset amount of the drug. C. The auto-injector delivers epinephrine via the subcutaneous route. D. EMTs do not need physician authorization to use the auto-injector.
B
With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen. Select one: A. 24% B. 44% C. 34% D. 14%
B
You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After administering 100% oxygen, you should: Select one: A. verify the medication name. B. contact medical control. C. check the drug's expiration date. D. administer the drug.
B
You are treating a 45-year-old woman who was stung by a hornet and has a rash. She tells you that she is allergic to hornets and has her own epinephrine auto-injector. She also tells you that she takes medication for hypertension. Her breath sounds do not reveal any wheezing, her breathing is unlabored, and her blood pressure is 154/94 mm Hg. What should you do if you are not able to make contact with medical control? Select one: A. Give her half the dose of her epinephrine in case her allergic reaction is delayed. B. Give her oxygen, transport her to the hospital, and monitor her condition en route. C. Administer her epinephrine, reassess her condition, and transport her promptly. D. Begin immediate transport and request an intercept with a paramedic ambulance.
B
A 62-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should: Select one: A. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. B. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours. C. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg. D. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit.
C
A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it: Select one: A. is used to treat a multitude of conditions. B. is used to treat a specific medical condition. C. may cause harm or have no positive effect. D. produces actions other than the desired ones.
C
Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are brand (trade) names for the generic medication: Select one: A. aspirin. B. nitrostat. C. ibuprofen. D. acetaminophen.
C
An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if: Select one: A. the patient is believed to be experiencing an acute stroke. B. transport time to the hospital is greater than 30 minutes. C. authorization from medical control has been obtained. D. the patient is currently experiencing hypotension.
C
Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called: Select one: A. pills. B. caplets. C. capsules. D. tablets.
C
The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered. Select one: A. class B. type C. form D. name
C
Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption? Select one: A. sublingual B. rectal C. oral \ D. inhalation
C
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: A. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route. B. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. C. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream. D. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream.
C
You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and oxygen and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is: Select one: A. 11 g. B. 22 g. C. 44 g. D. 36 g.
C
Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error: A. the EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route; B. The EMT accidentally gives a higher dose than what is indicated; C. the EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director; D. the EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient.
C. the EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director;
A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: A. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress. B. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did. C. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. D. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.
D
A medication with antagonistic properties is one that: Select one: A. produces a cumulative effect when mixed with the same type of medication. B. enhances the effects of another medication when given in a higher dose. C. stimulates receptor sites and allows other chemicals to attach to them. D. blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.
D
A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: Select one: A. inhalation route. B. sublingual route. C. transdermal route. D. intranasal route.
D
Activated charcoal is an example of a(n): Select one: A. solution. B. gel. C. elixir. D. suspension
D
Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: Select one: A. causes direct coronary vasodilation. B. dissolves the coronary artery clot. C. reduces the associated chest pain. D. prevents the aggregation of platelets.
D
In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner. Select one: A. paramedic-administered B. EMT-administered C. patient-assisted D. peer-assisted
D
When gathering a patient's medications, you find the following: Isordil, Lasix, Motrin, and Digoxin. Which of these medications can be obtained over-the-counter (OTC)? Select one: A. Lasix B. Isordil C. Digoxin D. Motrin
D
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epinephrine? Select one: A. constricts blood vessels B. dilates passages in the lungs C. secreted naturally by the adrenal glands D. decreases heart rate and blood pressure
D
Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch? Select one: A. subcutaneous B. sublingual C. intraosseous D. transcutaneous
D
You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient high-flow oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: Select one: A. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient. B. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal. C. elevate the patient's legs 6″ to 12″, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route. D. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.
D
You are treating a middle-aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of three previous heart attacks and takes nitroglycerin as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer aspirin to patients with suspected cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to give oxygen to the patient, you should: Select one: A. contact medical control, apprise him or her of the patient's chief complaint and vital signs, and request permission to give him aspirin. B. ensure that the patient's systolic blood pressure is at least 100 mm Hg since aspirin dilates the blood vessels and can cause a drop in blood pressure. C. assist the patient in taking one of his prescribed nitroglycerin, assess his vital signs, and give him aspirin if he is still experiencing chest discomfort. D. confirm that the patient is not allergic to aspirin, give him the appropriate dose of aspirin, and document the time and dose given.
D
What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector?
intramuscular
Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route? Select one: A. intravenous (IV) B. intramuscular (IM) C. sublingual (SL) D. subcutaneous (SC)
A
Which of the following medication routes would be the MOST appropriate to use in an unconscious patient when intravenous access cannot be obtained? Select one: A. intraosseous (IO) B. transcutaneous C. subcutaneous D. intramuscular
A
What medication form does oral glucose come in? Select one: A. gel B. fine powder C. liquid D. suspension
A
A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should: Select one: A. ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours. B. place him in a supine position and transport at once. C. obtain physician approval to give the nitroglycerin. D. administer one nitroglycerin and call medical control.
A
A 74-year-old woman complains of heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour ago. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her blood pressure is 144/84 mm Hg and her heart rate is 110 beats/min. She took two of her prescribed nitroglycerin (0.4-mg tablets) before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should: Select one: A. recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosing of certain drugs. B. assist her in taking one more of her nitroglycerin tablets, reassess her blood pressure, and contact medical control for further instructions. C. give her high-flow oxygen, avoid giving her any more nitroglycerin because it may cause a drop in her blood pressure, and transport. D. transport her at once and wait at least 20 minutes before you consider assisting her with a third dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin.
A
Example of generic drug? A Excedrin B Aspirin C Advil D Bayer
Aspirin
A 37-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of: Select one: A. heart disease. B. asthma. C. hypertension. D. allergic reactions.
B
Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose: A patients with asthma, B pediatric patients, C middle adults, D females.
pediatric patients
Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan): tachycardia, hypertension, extreme agitation, slow respirations.
slow respirations.
