Ch. 11/12 Test
three types of granlocytes
*neutrophils-most numerous s or c shape with 6 lobes *eosinophils have a bilobed nucleus-contain digestive enzymes *basophils-u or s shaped nucleus
Blood pressure in a peripheral venule is about ________ percent of the pressure of the ascending aorta
10
Red blood cells comprise about ________ of the cells in the human body.
33%
Adult males will typically have ________ liters of blood in their cardiovascular systems.
5-6
Platelets circulate for
9-12 days
ABO blood groups are based on
A & B antigens
Jennifer has type A blood. What blood type(s) would cause agglutination or cross reaction with her blood?
B and AB
Low pressure and slow flow rates are characteristics of favorable
Capillary exchange
A recording of the electrical events in the heart is a(n)
ECG
Ventricular systole is triggered by the
Purkinje fibers
Lifespan of red blood cells is 120 days why
RBC have finite life span because they have on organelles
a decrease in venous return to the heart would result
a decrease in stroke volume and a decrease in cardiac output
Which of the following is not a function of the cardiovascular system
absorption of lipids and fat soluble materials from the digestive tract
where in the hemoglobin does carbon dioxide bind
amino acids
how do RBC generate energy
anaerobically-they dont use any oxygen when transporting
low RBC count
anemia
when the kidneys release renin
angiotension I is activated
The large vessels that transport blood away from the heart are
arteries
A condition characterized by a generalized thickening and toughness of arterial walls is
arteriosclerosis
Blood flow in the coronary arteries originates
at the base of the ascending aorta
The formation of lipid deposits on the tunica media is called
atherosclerosis
Contraction of the upper chambers of the heart is called
atrial systole
The white blood cell that releases histamine is the
basophil
what is heme converted to once it is disassociated from hemoglobin
bilirubin-once heme disassociates iron is removed and the rest is converted to bilirubin
When heart rate increases, the greatest cardiac shortening occurs in
both diastoles
The artery that supplies blood to the upper limbs is the
brachial
The first branch off the aortic arch is called the
brachiocephalic
The clotting pathways require large amounts of
calcium
The vessels that exchange nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste are
capillaries
__________ are microscopic blood vessels with extremely thin walls
capillaries
Sympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the
cardiac nerve
measure of the capacity of the heart
cardiac output (CO) Stroke Volume (SV) End Systolic volume (ESV) NOT HEART RATE
Baroreceptors are located in
carotid arteries and the aorta
When the ventricles are relaxed the semilunar valves are ________ and the atrioventricular valves are ________.
closed; open
Blood is a type of ________ tissue.
connective
The deep groove marking the border between the atria and the ventricles is the
coranary sulcus
The vessels that supply blood to the heart are called the
coronary arteries
Reduction in circulatory supply is called
coronary ischemia
The vessels that drain the heart muscle are called the
coronary sinus
the blood vessel that carries blood collected from the myocardium to the right atrium is the
coronary sinus
the atria and ventricles are seperated externally by a groove called
coronary sulcus
The arteries of the pulmonary circuit carry
deoxygenated blood from the heart
Intercalated discs consist of
desmosomes and gap junctions
relaxation of the heart
diastole
mature red blood cells in humans are incapable of protien synthesis and mitosis because
during differention RBC lose most of their organelles including nucleus and ribosomes
A blood clot that does not retain its vessel wall location becomes a(n)
embolus
drifting blood clot
embolus
The white blood cell that is involved in allergic reactions is the
eosinophil
three layers of the heart
epicardium-visceral layer myocardium-muscular part of the heart endocardium-smooth endothelial inner lining
another name for RBC
erythrocyte
most numerous type of formed element
erythrocytes
t/f red blood cells have a biconvex shape
false
what is the protien call that transports iron
ferritin
The plasma component with a role in blood clotting is called
fibrinogen
Oxyhemoglobin consists of
four oxygen molecules and four hemes
The best description of the heart is that it is
four paired pumps
transport protien
gobulin
The percent of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements is the
hematocrit
name for RBC formation
hematopoiesis
The precursor multipotent stem cell for hematopoiesis is called a
hemocytoblast
The abundant protein component of red blood cells is
hemoglobin
A disease characterized by a loss of a single clotting factor is
hemophilia
Tissue damage caused by circulation interruption is called
infraction
The tissue separating the two upper chambers of the heart is the
interatrial septum
Anemia can result from inadequate
iron
what only binds to oxygen
iron
the onlu time all valves of the heart are closed are during
isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation
The left atrium and ventricle are supplied blood by the ________ artery.
left coronary
the bicuspid valve prevents the backflow of blood from the
left ventricle to the left atrium
lower chambers (right and left ventricles)
longitudinally by interventricular septum
what are the top two chambers (right and left atria) of the heart separated by
longitudinally by the interatrial septum
blood vessels central opening
lumen
more water leaves the blood during filteration that gets retrieved through reabsorption, the difference about 3.6 l a day enters
lymphatic vessels that eventually return it to the venous system
The while blood cell that provides specific immunity is the
lymphocyte
two types of agranulocytes
lymphocytes (t cells and b cells) monocytes
what is white blood cells that breakdown old & damaged blood cells
macrophages
RBC rupture
malaria
the ____ artery is an extension of the right coronary artery
marginal
A common location for venipuncture is the
median cubital vein
Which of the following is an agranular leukocyte?
monocyte
The thickest layer of the heart is the
myocardium
Packets of small membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm shed by megakaryocytes are called
platelets
Blood can be diverted from tissues (such as skin) by
precapillary sphincters
what does hemoglobin contain
protein portion called globin and non protein heme groups
The circuit that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the ________ circuit. The circuit that begins at the right ventricle and ends at the left atrium is the ________ circuit.
pulmonary
The most abundant formed elements are
red blood cells
functions of the cardiovascular system
regulate body temp,fluid PH, water content of cells transport nutrients protection of the body by white blood cells
Platelets trigger coagulation by
releasing clotting factors
The response of the kidneys to low blood pressure and volume is release of
renin
The coronary sinus drains blood into the
right atrium
when closed the pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into
right ventricle
An intercalated disc is a
specialized cardiac muscle intercellular connection
organ where old damaged RBC are broken down
spleen
The bone lying anterior to the heart is the
sternum
Abnormally high blood volume is recognized by
stretch receptors in the heart wall
The circuit that travels through the left side of the heart is the ________ circuit.
systemic
a contraction event of the heart
systole
An accelerated heart rate above 100 beats per minute is called
tachycardia
Heart rate is stimulated by
the cardioacceleratory center
Arterial blood is bright red because
the hemes carry oxygen
what provides a hormonal mechanism for the regulation of blood pressure by managing blood volume
the kidneys
the dupp of the heart sound is
the second sound heard and is produced by closing of the semilunar valve
outer layer of blood vessel
tunica adventitia-made up of connective tissue
Vasoconstriction is accomplished by the
tunica media
Parasympathetic innervation travels to the heart via the
vagus nerve
Jennifer has type A blood. What blood type(s) would cause agglutination or cross reaction with her blood?
vascular spasm
what is initiated by the smooth muscle of blood vessel on response to injury by nerve signals from pain receptors
vasoconstriction
Increasing the diameter of a blood vessel by relaxing a muscle is called
vasodilation
The afferent vessels of the heart are
veins
The majority of the body's blood volume at one time is found within the
veins
Relaxation of the lower chambers of the heart is called
ventricular disatole
Blood circulates into the coronary arteries during
ventricular relaxation
the T wave in the ECG coincides with
ventricular repolarization
The vessels that collect blood from capillary beds are called
venules
Weak venous valves can result in
vericose veins
The serous membrane covering the heart is the
visceral pericardium
A normal hemoglobin range for a healthy female who is neither pregnant nor nursing is
12-16 g/dl
A single drop of whole blood from an average healthy adult contains ________ red blood cells.
260 million
What is responsible for binding oxygens
Iron-it is contained in the heme pigament
sequence of distributing the stimulus in the conducting system of the heart is
SA node, internodal pathway, AV Node, Av Bundle, bundle branches, & Purkinjie fibers
cross section
agglutination
A common technique to improve blood flow and remove plaque in coronary vessels is
balloon angioplasty and stent placement
greatly decreased heart rate
bradycardia
t/f alcohol raises blood pressure by inhibiting the vasomotor center and by inhibiting the release of ADH
false
stoppage of blood flow to prevent loss is called
hemostasis *this is done thru the walls of damaged vessels
the bulk of the heart consist of
myocardium
Blood flow within capillary beds
occurs in pulses rather than a constant stream
The layer that stabilizes and anchors a blood vessel is the
tunica externa
inner layer of blood vessel
tunica intima-endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
middle layer of blood vessel
tunica media-smooth muscle with elastic fibers
A typical red blood cell lasts
two to three months
When do RBC start to synthesize hemoglobin
while in the bone marrow-must do it before this before they lose their nucleus
Blood that has an unaltered composition is called
whole blood